

<!-- ver545: GPT 핫검색은 자동 실행하지 않고 명시적 수동 호출만 허용하며, 13개 대주제 Manager 웹검색을 글쓰기 커스텀 GPT 대화와 분리합니다. Manager는 일반 ChatGPT 새 대화에서 최대 240초 같은 요청만 읽고, 최종 기사 원고는 기존 전용 GPT에서 새 대화로 시작합니다. -->
<!-- ver544: ChatGPT UI 문구(더 보기/ChatGPT 답변/실수 안내/Latest response)를 공개 원고에서 제거하고, 짧은 정상 제목을 구매가이드 제목으로 바꾸던 레거시 SEO 보정을 제거합니다. 생성 H1/검증 주제와 저장 제목을 일치시키며 단독 굵은 소제목은 H2로 복원합니다. -->
<!-- ver543: 서버 재시작 시 이전 실행/대기 포스팅 상태를 이어받지 않고 모두 폐기한 뒤 새 요청만 fresh 작업으로 시작합니다. -->
<!-- ver541: ChatGPT 정상 본문을 `…` 제목으로 오탐해 422 저장 차단하던 품질검증을 수정하고, 포털 직행 경로 삭제 후에도 13개 대주제 Manager GPT 주제선정이 꺼져 candidates=0이 되던 자동 포스팅 경로를 항상 활성화합니다. -->
<!-- ver540: 작업 문맥 없는 유령 GPT 호출을 실행 단계에서 완전 차단하고, adaptive 전송 간격을 3~8초 수준으로 줄이며, 실제 /backend-api 429만 요청 lane별 Retry-After backoff로 처리합니다. 과거 10분 전역 회로차단은 사용하지 않습니다. -->
<!-- ver539: 포스팅/Manager 작업이 없는 유휴 상태의 VIRAL_GPT_HOT·trend discovery가 공용 ChatGPT 슬롯을 점유하거나 429 회로를 여는 경로를 차단합니다. 실제 자동 포스팅 Manager의 trend discovery는 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver538: ChatGPT 실제 전송 후 /c/ 대화 생성·visible user prompt anchor를 이용해 요청 귀속을 확인하도록 백엔드 검증을 수정합니다. 기존 자동 포스팅/13개 대주제/발행 설정은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver537: ChatGPT 전송 후 SPA 대화 등록 확인 지연을 정상 전송 실패로 오판하던 백엔드 수정에 맞춘 전체 UI입니다. 기존 자동 포스팅/13개 대주제/발행 설정은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver536: 자동 주제는 허용된 13개 대주제의 Manager 웹검색만 사용하며, 별도 분야 연쇄 코드를 제거합니다. -->
<!-- ver535: 외부 포스팅 신뢰성 수정. Buffer queued는 재전송 없이 정상 접수/전달대기로 분리하고, 저장 캡션 검증 실패 시 같은 파이프라인의 GPT 재호출을 제거합니다. -->
<!-- ver526: GPT 이미지 부분 성공 시 영상 발행 지속, 생성 자산 404 정규화, 중복 브라우저 cleanup 제거, 예약 429 상태 분리를 반영합니다. 기존 UI/DOM/API 선택값은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver521: 이미지 개수 선택에 최종 본문 H2 문단 수만큼 GPT 이미지를 생성하는 자동 옵션을 추가하고, 수동/예약 설정·재생성 요청을 같은 값으로 연결합니다. 기존 1~5장 및 모든 기존 UI/API 동작은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver519: 자동 GPT 주제 탐색 13개 대주제 확장. ver518 기능 유지. -->
<!-- ver518: 자동 주제 탐색의 기본 축을 주식·코인·경제·글로벌경제·부동산·정부지원사업으로 확장하고, 뉴스 사건뿐 아니라 문제 해결·팁·강좌·비교·계산·절차형 검색 수요를 GPT가 직접 발굴하도록 개선합니다. ver517 429 자동복구와 기존 발행 기능은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver517: ChatGPT 429 회로는 실제 10분 냉각 동안만 자동/수동 생성을 차단하고, 만료 후 다음 정상 요청에서 자동 복구합니다. 관리자 수동 reset을 기다리며 자동 포스팅이 영구 정지되던 상태를 제거하고 ver516 UI/점수/기존 발행 기능은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver512: 기본 TTS를 Edge TTS로 통일합니다. Voicebox/자동 선택지는 유지하고 기존 UI/DOM/API 구조는 변경하지 않습니다. -->
<!-- ver514: ver513 브라우저 재사용 구조를 유지하면서 bounded I/O executor, HTTP socket 회수, 이미지/MP4 streaming, GPT response task gather, process HANDLE wait를 통합합니다. -->
<!-- ver451: 진행 중 글의 Blogger/SNS 발행을 다음 예약 Manager가 끊지 않도록 serial handoff를 수정합니다. ver450 응답 귀속과 기존 UI/API/모듈 구조는 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver449: Manager 주제선정·응답 귀속 검증·백엔드 모듈 분리 버전 표시. 기존 UI/API 구조 유지. -->
<!-- ver408: 서버 TTS에 Voicebox를 통합하고 자동/Voicebox/Edge TTS 선택을 수동 생성과 예약 설정에 추가합니다. Voicebox 대본은 문장 단위로 안전하게 분할되며 실제 생성 오디오 길이로 자막·사진 타임라인을 동기화합니다. -->
<!-- ver407: 새 글 생성 요청을 최신 자동 작업으로 고정해 이전 queued/후속 자동 발행을 중단합니다. 과거 글은 자동 재처리하지 않고 해당 글에서 관리자가 직접 누른 수동 발행만 허용하며, superseded 상태를 화면에서 명확히 표시합니다. -->
<!-- ver406: 홈페이지 이미지 대기 상한/서버 보충, Threads 영상 독립 발행, TTS 음성 경계 기반 자막·사진 전환과 백엔드 버전 동기화를 반영합니다. -->
<!-- ver405: Buffer queued를 실제 SNS 게시 성공과 분리합니다. Threads·Instagram·YouTube 등은 published만 발행 완료로 표시하고 queued는 "대기열 등록·게시 확인 필요"로 표시합니다. Instagram 예약 자동발행 초기 체크를 ON으로 바꾸고 화면의 기대 BUILD_VERSION을 백엔드 ver405와 일치시킵니다. 기존 UI/버튼/API/생성·발행 흐름은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver396: 백엔드에서 [발행자료] 헤더가 빠진 메타 설명·URL 슬러그·내부 링크·태그·썸네일·이미지 alt·후속 콘텐츠 블록을 공개 본문과 분리하도록 수정했습니다. 기존 UI/DOM/API/생성·발행 동작은 변경하지 않습니다. -->
<!-- ver394: Threads 마지막의 불완전 연결 조각을 발행 차단 대신 정제해 정상 원고를 유지하는 백엔드 수정에 맞춘 전체 UI. 기존 생성/플랫폼/GPT 설정과 발행 동작은 변경하지 않습니다. -->
<!-- ver393: Threads 공개문에서 이미지 alt 발행자료와 연결어미로 끊긴 마지막 문장을 차단하는 백엔드 수정에 맞춘 전체 UI. 기존 생성/플랫폼/GPT 설정과 발행 동작은 변경하지 않습니다. -->
<!-- ver392: 백엔드 중복 background 생성 차단과 GPT 단일 전송 안전장치에 맞춘 전체 UI. 기존 생성/플랫폼/GPT 설정과 발행 동작은 변경하지 않습니다. -->
<!-- ver390: ChatGPT 실제 보호 팝업을 backend 429와 동일한 10분 전역 회로차단 신호로 처리하고, 직전 ChatGPT 작업 완료 뒤 최소 180초 quiet period를 적용하는 백엔드 변경에 맞춘 버전 표기입니다. 기존 발행 UI 동작은 변경하지 않습니다. -->
<!-- ver388: ChatGPT 한 프롬프트 단일 전송, 화면 과거 제한문구 오판 제거, 외부 소셜 전용 GPT master-off 복원. 기존 발행 UI는 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver387: ChatGPT 관리형 Chrome/작업 탭을 1개로 유지하고 작업별 브라우저 재시작을 제거합니다. ver386의 10분+수동 재확인 및 기존 발행 UI는 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver386: ChatGPT 429 보호 회로 최소 냉각을 10분으로 변경하고, 10분 경과 후에도 자동 재개하지 않으며 관리자 수동 생성에서만 1회 재확인합니다. ver385 전용 탭 1개·수동 탭 보호와 ver384 전역 요청 직렬화는 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver385: ChatGPT 자동화는 사용자 수동 탭과 분리된 소유 탭 1개만 재사용하고, 429 실패 탭 누적 및 recovery의 수동 탭 오인을 제거합니다. 429 회로는 냉각 종료 후에도 자동 재개하지 않고 관리자 수동 생성에서만 1회 재확인합니다. ver384 전역 요청 직렬화는 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver384: ChatGPT 본문·이미지·Continue 전송은 백엔드의 단일 전역 직렬 슬롯을 사용하며, UI 전송 버튼 활성화로 보호간격을 건너뛰던 이미지 fast-path를 제거합니다. -->
<!-- ver383: 포스트 직렬큐 + ChatGPT 429 전역 회로차단 + recovery 차단 + 저호출 Agent 운영. -->
<!-- ver366: Metricool/Buffer형 운영 관제센터 UI. 메인 메뉴 8개, 운영 대시보드, 3단계 콘텐츠 작성, 카드형 채널 선택, 고급설정 접기, 계정별 채널/챗지피티 연결 프로필을 적용합니다. ver365 기능/ID/API는 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver365: ver364 기능을 모두 유지하면서 스튜디오 좌측 메뉴를 현재 사이트 콘텐츠 영역에 붙여 정렬하고, 사이트 라이트/다크 모드를 자동 추종하며 관리자 화면의 지나치게 작은 8~11px 글자를 가독성 기준으로 상향합니다. -->
<!-- ver368: 계정별 설정에서 현재 실제 사용값과 저장/수정값을 나란히 표시합니다. 버퍼·유튜브·각 플랫폼 연결값은 로그인 사용자별 프로필로 관리하고, 프롬프트 화면에는 현재 실행 코드의 원본 플랫폼 프롬프트를 읽기 전용으로 복원해 표시합니다. -->
<!-- ver367: /news는 공개 콘텐츠만 표시하고 /studio는 레벨5 이상 관리 스튜디오로 분리합니다. 버퍼 우선/버퍼만/공식 API만 발행 전략과 복원된 플랫폼별 기본 GPT 프롬프트를 사용자별 채널 설정에 연결합니다. -->
<!-- ver364: /news는 공개 콘텐츠 전용으로 유지하고 /content-studio를 레벨5 이상 로그인 사용자 전용 관리 화면으로 분리합니다. 사용자별 자격증명·광고·노드·게시물 소유권을 분리하고 관리자 프롬프트/기본설정은 공통 기본값으로 상속합니다. TTS 약어는 음성에서 철자 발음으로 정규화합니다. -->
<!-- ver363: ver362의 모든 기존 DOM ID/API/생성·발행 기능을 유지하면서 홈·발견·콘텐츠·미디어·플래너·발행센터·자동화·실행기록·수익화·자격증명·프롬프트·채널연결·전체설정을 하나의 n8n형 한글 운영 스튜디오로 통합합니다. -->
<!-- ver362: ver361의 모든 생성·발행·설정 기능과 DOM ID/API 연결은 유지하고, 관리자 목록 첫 화면을 n8n 계열의 노드 기반 자동화 캔버스로 재구성합니다. 기존 콘텐츠 작성·콘텐츠 목록·자동 포스팅·전체 운영 설정·GPT 프롬프트·카테고리·쿠팡 관리 화면은 새 좌측 내비게이션과 노드 검사기에서 그대로 호출하며 삭제/중복 구현하지 않습니다. -->
<!-- ver361: 모든 AUTO_NEWS/COUPANG 외부 운영 옵션을 코드 수정 없이 관리자 GUI에서 검색·변경·초기화하도록 통합 설정 센터를 추가했습니다. DB 설정이 env보다 우선하며 비밀값은 마스킹·암호화합니다. 기존 프롬프트·스케줄러·발행·미디어 기능은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver358: 수동 선택값 기억 기능은 유지하며, 많은 첨부 이미지는 GPT 전송용 고해상도 이미지 시트로 자동 정리하고 전송 준비 판정은 실제 전송 버튼 활성 상태를 기준으로 수정했습니다. -->
<!-- ver352: 플랫폼 간 유사도는 서버에서 발행 차단하지 않도록 수정. 기존 UI와 첨부 이미지 선택 기능은 그대로 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver331: Blogger/Blogspot 동일 post_id의 멀티워커 2중 발행은 서버 auto_news_router.py의 단일 claim/기존 Blogger ID 재검증 경로에서 차단합니다. 기존 UI와 버튼 동작은 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver330: 서버의 로컬 CDP 자동복구 및 수동 키워드 fallback 오판 수정. ver329 이미지/영상 공급자 옵션과 UI는 그대로 유지합니다. -->
<!-- ver329: 수동/자동 썸네일·문단 이미지 공급자(자동/GPT/서버)와 동영상 공급자(자동/Gemini/서버)를 선택하고, 저장된 ChatGPT running job의 고착 상태를 서버 재시작/owner PID/heartbeat/절대 제한시간 기준으로 해제합니다. -->
<!-- ver325: 서버 TTS 뉴스영상은 같은 TTS 대본을 관리자 이미지 수만큼 PPT형 보고서 슬라이드로 만들고, 대본 분량에 따라 장면 시간을 배분해 30~59초 실제 음성 길이에 맞춥니다. GPT 이미지 fallback도 보고서형 서버 이미지로 생성합니다. -->
<!-- ver324: GPT 이미지가 없으면 홈페이지·Blogger·SNS 모두 서버 자체 이미지를 사용해 미디어 발행을 계속합니다. -->
<!-- ver323: GPT 이미지가 없어도 홈페이지/Blogger 글은 계속 발행하고, 외부 SNS는 서버 자체 이미지 + TTS 뉴스영상으로 계속 발행합니다. -->
<!-- ver322: 공용 영상은 서버 30~59초 한국어 TTS + 대표/문단 이미지 시간맞춤 방식으로 생성합니다. -->
<!-- ver321: 인기검색어 선정 메타데이터 공개 저장 차단은 서버 auto_news_router.py에서 처리 -->
<!-- ver320: 수동/자동 TikTok·YouTube·X 기본 체크, 자동 예약 짝수시간대 기본값 -->


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            /* 3단은 2단 스크롤 높이를 바꾸지 않고 열린 2단 항목 옆에만 띄운다. */
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        #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul::before {
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            background: #eaf2ff !important;
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        [data-bs-theme="dark"] #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul,
        .dark #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul,
        .theme-dark #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul,
        body.dark-mode #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul {
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        [data-bs-theme="dark"] #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul::before,
        .dark #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul::before,
        .theme-dark #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul::before,
        body.dark-mode #gnb_1dul > .dropdown > .gnb_2dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_3dul::before {
            border-bottom-color: transparent !important;
            color: #93c5fd;
        }

        [data-bs-theme="dark"] #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da,
        .dark #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da,
        .theme-dark #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da,
        body.dark-mode #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da {
            background: rgba(30, 41, 59, .92) !important;
            border-color: transparent !important;
            border-left-color: transparent !important;
            color: #e5eefb !important;
            box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .18);
        }

        [data-bs-theme="dark"] #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da:hover,
        [data-bs-theme="dark"] #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da:focus,
        [data-bs-theme="dark"] #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli.is-open > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da,
        .dark #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da:hover,
        .dark #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da:focus,
        .dark #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli.is-open > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da,
        .theme-dark #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da:hover,
        .theme-dark #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da:focus,
        .theme-dark #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli.is-open > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da,
        body.dark-mode #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da:hover,
        body.dark-mode #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da:focus,
        body.dark-mode #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .gnb_3dli.is-open > .gnb_menu_item_line > .gnb_3da {
            background: rgba(37, 99, 235, .28) !important;
            border-color: transparent !important;
            color: #ffffff !important;
            box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(37, 99, 235, .22);
        }

        #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .dropdown-submenu {
            position: relative !important;
            width: var(--gnb-3-col-w) !important;
            max-width: var(--gnb-3-col-w) !important;
            overflow: visible !important;
        }

        #gnb_1dul .gnb_3dul > .dropdown-submenu > .gnb_4dul {
            top: 0 !important;
            left: calc(var(--gnb-3-col-w) + var(--gnb-sub-gap)) !important;
            width: var(--gnb-4-col-w) !important;
            min-width: var(--gnb-4-col-w) !important;
            max-width: var(--gnb-4-col-w) !important;
            max-height: none !important;
            margin: 0 !important;
            padding: 8px !important;
            overflow: visible !important;
            box-shadow: none !important;
            z-index: 3 !important;
        }

        #gnb_1dul .gnb_2dul .dropdown-submenu.is-open > .dropdown-menu {
            display: block !important;
            visibility: visible !important;
            opacity: 1 !important;
            pointer-events: auto !important;
        }

        #gnb_1dul .gnb_2dul:has(.dropdown-submenu.is-open) {
            opacity: 1 !important;
            visibility: visible !important;
            pointer-events: auto !important;
        }

        /*
         * iPad 전체메뉴는 data-gnb-open 하나만 상태 원본으로 사용한다.
         * 데스크톱 GNB의 generic class/event와 분리해 + 버튼 터치가 다른 메뉴 로직에
         * 잡히지 않도록 하고, 직계 하위 ul의 실제 display도 같은 상태에서 결정한다.
         */
        #gnb_all .gnb_all_submenu {
            display: none !important;
            visibility: hidden;
            opacity: 0;
            pointer-events: none;
            margin-top: 0;
        }

        #gnb_all .gnb_all_has_submenu[data-gnb-open="true"] > .gnb_all_submenu {
            display: block !important;
            visibility: visible;
            opacity: 1;
            pointer-events: auto;
            margin-top: 8px;
            animation: gnbAllSubmenuOpen .28s cubic-bezier(.22, 1, .36, 1) both;
        }

        /*
         * iPad mini 햄버거 메뉴 표시 상태를 이 템플릿에서 직접 관리한다.
         * Bootstrap d-none과 jQuery show()/hide()가 서로 다른 display 상태를
         * 동시에 제어하지 않도록 단일 흐름으로 정리한다.
         */
        .gnb_menu_btn {
            display: none;
        }

        /*
         * iPad 전용 전체메뉴 표시 범위.
         * iPhone portrait/landscape는 폭 또는 높이 조건에서 제외하고,
         * 터치 태블릿에서만 햄버거 전체메뉴를 노출한다.
         */
        @media (min-width: 700px) and (max-width: 1180px) and (min-height: 600px) and (any-pointer: coarse) {
            #gnb_1dul .gnb_menu_btn {
                display: inline-flex;
                align-items: center;
                justify-content: center;
                width: 46px;
                height: 46px;
                border: 1px solid rgba(37, 99, 235, .16);
                border-radius: 14px;
                background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #eef4ff);
                color: #1d4ed8;
                font-size: 21px;
                box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(15, 23, 42, .10);
                touch-action: manipulation;
            }

            #gnb_all.gnb_all_panel {
                position: fixed;
                top: max(68px, calc(env(safe-area-inset-top) + 56px));
                left: max(10px, env(safe-area-inset-left));
                right: auto;
                isolation: isolate;
                width: min(430px, calc(100vw - 20px));
                max-height: calc(100dvh - 82px - env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
                box-sizing: border-box;
                padding: 18px 16px 20px;
                overflow-x: hidden;
                overflow-y: auto;
                overscroll-behavior: contain;
                -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
                border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, .24);
                border-radius: 22px;
                /* 블러는 전체화면이 아니라 메뉴 패널의 뒤쪽 영역에만 적용한다. */
                background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, .90), rgba(247, 250, 255, .88));
                -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(7px) saturate(.96);
                backdrop-filter: blur(7px) saturate(.96);
                box-shadow:
                    0 28px 70px rgba(15, 23, 42, .24),
                    0 8px 24px rgba(37, 99, 235, .10);
                z-index: 10020;
                animation: gnbAllPanelIn .34s cubic-bezier(.22, 1, .36, 1) both;
            }

            #gnb_all_bg {
                position: fixed;
                inset: 0;
                /* 배경은 시각 효과만 담당한다. iPad Safari에서 이 레이어가 메뉴 터치를 가로채지 않게 한다. */
                background: rgba(15, 23, 42, .08);
                -webkit-backdrop-filter: none;
                backdrop-filter: none;
                pointer-events: none;
                z-index: 10000;
                animation: gnbAllBackdropIn .22s ease-out both;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_all_title {
                display: flex;
                align-items: center;
                min-height: 42px;
                margin: 0 48px 14px 2px;
                color: #0f172a;
                font-size: 20px;
                font-weight: 900;
                letter-spacing: -.03em;
                line-height: 1.25;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_all_title::before {
                content: "";
                width: 8px;
                height: 24px;
                margin-right: 10px;
                border-radius: 999px;
                background: linear-gradient(180deg, #2563eb, #7c3aed);
                box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(37, 99, 235, .24);
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_close_btn {
                position: absolute;
                top: 14px;
                right: 14px;
                display: inline-flex;
                align-items: center;
                justify-content: center;
                width: 40px;
                height: 40px;
                padding: 0;
                border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, .24);
                border-radius: 13px;
                background: #ffffff;
                color: #475569;
                font-size: 19px;
                box-shadow: 0 6px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, .08);
                cursor: pointer;
                touch-action: manipulation;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_menu {
                margin: 0 0 14px;
                padding: 0;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_title {
                display: flex;
                align-items: center;
                gap: 8px;
                margin: 0 0 9px 2px;
                color: #64748b;
                font-size: 12px;
                font-weight: 900;
                line-height: 1.2;
                letter-spacing: .02em;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_title::before {
                content: "";
                display: block;
                width: 4px;
                height: 14px;
                border-radius: 999px;
                background: linear-gradient(180deg, #2563eb, #7c3aed);
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_grid {
                display: grid;
                grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
                gap: 8px;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link {
                position: relative;
                display: flex;
                flex-direction: column;
                align-items: center;
                justify-content: center;
                gap: 7px;
                min-width: 0;
                min-height: 68px;
                padding: 9px 6px;
                box-sizing: border-box;
                border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, .20);
                border-radius: 14px;
                background: #ffffff;
                color: #334155;
                text-align: center;
                text-decoration: none;
                box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 23, 42, .055);
                -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
                touch-action: manipulation;
                transition: transform .16s ease, box-shadow .16s ease, border-color .16s ease;
                animation: gnbQuickItemIn .28s cubic-bezier(.16, 1, .3, 1) both;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: .03s; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .055s; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .08s; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: .105s; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: .13s; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(6) { animation-delay: .155s; }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link i {
                display: inline-flex;
                align-items: center;
                justify-content: center;
                width: 30px;
                height: 30px;
                border-radius: 10px;
                background: #eff6ff;
                color: #2563eb;
                font-size: 15px;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(2) i { background: #f5f3ff; color: #7c3aed; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(3) i { background: #f0fdfa; color: #0f766e; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(4) i { background: #fff7ed; color: #ea580c; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(5) i { background: #ecfeff; color: #0891b2; }
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:nth-child(6) i { background: #fef2f2; color: #dc2626; }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_label {
                display: block;
                min-width: 0;
                max-width: 100%;
                overflow: hidden;
                color: inherit;
                font-size: 13px;
                font-weight: 800;
                line-height: 1.2;
                text-overflow: ellipsis;
                white-space: nowrap;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_count {
                position: absolute;
                top: 6px;
                right: 6px;
                display: inline-flex;
                align-items: center;
                justify-content: center;
                min-width: 20px;
                height: 20px;
                padding: 0 6px;
                box-sizing: border-box;
                border-radius: 999px;
                background: #0ea5e9;
                color: #ffffff;
                font-size: 10px;
                font-weight: 900;
                line-height: 1;
                box-shadow: 0 3px 8px rgba(14, 165, 233, .22);
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_link:active {
                transform: scale(.965);
                box-shadow: 0 2px 7px rgba(15, 23, 42, .08);
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_ul,
            #gnb_all .gnb_all_submenu {
                list-style: none;
                padding-left: 0;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_ul {
                margin: 0;
            }

            /* 1단: 큰 파란 계열 카드 */
            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li {
                margin: 0 0 11px;
                padding: 0;
                border: 0;
                animation: gnbAllFirstDepthIn .34s cubic-bezier(.22, 1, .36, 1) both;
            }

            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .025s; }
            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .05s; }
            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: .075s; }
            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li:nth-child(n+5) { animation-delay: .10s; }

            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line {
                position: relative;
                align-items: center;
                min-height: 58px;
                overflow: hidden;
                border: 1px solid rgba(37, 99, 235, .16);
                border-radius: 16px;
                background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1d4ed8 0%, #2563eb 58%, #4f46e5 100%);
                box-shadow:
                    0 10px 22px rgba(37, 99, 235, .18),
                    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);
                transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
            }

            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li[data-gnb-open="true"] > .gnb_all_menu_item_line {
                transform: translateX(3px);
                box-shadow:
                    0 13px 26px rgba(37, 99, 235, .24),
                    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, .22);
            }

            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_al_a {
                position: relative;
                display: flex;
                align-items: center;
                min-height: 58px;
                box-sizing: border-box;
                padding: 11px 8px 11px 14px;
                color: #ffffff;
                font-size: 16px;
                font-weight: 800;
                line-height: 1.35;
                text-decoration: none;
                white-space: normal;
                word-break: keep-all;
            }

            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_al_a::before {
                content: "1단";
                flex: 0 0 auto;
                margin-right: 10px;
                padding: 4px 7px;
                border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .30);
                border-radius: 8px;
                background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .16);
                color: #ffffff;
                font-size: 11px;
                font-weight: 900;
                letter-spacing: -.02em;
                line-height: 1;
            }

            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_ipad_submenu_toggle {
                position: relative;
                flex: 0 0 34px;
                width: 34px;
                min-width: 34px;
                height: 34px;
                min-height: 34px;
                margin: 0 12px 0 4px;
                border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .34);
                border-radius: 10px;
                background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);
                color: #ffffff;
                box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, .22);
                transform: none;
                touch-action: manipulation;
            }

            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_ipad_submenu_toggle:hover,
            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_ipad_submenu_toggle:focus {
                background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .24);
                color: #ffffff;
                transform: scale(1.04);
            }

            #gnb_all > .gnb_al_ul > .gnb_al_li[data-gnb-open="true"] > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_ipad_submenu_toggle {
                border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .40);
                background: rgba(15, 23, 42, .24);
                color: #ffffff;
            }

            /* 2단: 1단보다 안쪽에 위치하는 밝은 서브카드 */
            #gnb_all .gnb_al_2ul {
                margin-left: 18px;
                padding: 8px 0 2px 12px;
                border-left: 3px solid #38bdf8;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_2li {
                margin: 0 0 7px;
                padding: 0;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_2li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line {
                position: relative;
                align-items: center;
                min-height: 50px;
                overflow: hidden;
                border: 1px solid #dbeafe;
                border-radius: 13px;
                background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff, #eff6ff);
                box-shadow: 0 5px 13px rgba(15, 23, 42, .06);
                transition: transform .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_2li[data-gnb-open="true"] > .gnb_all_menu_item_line {
                transform: translateX(3px);
                border-color: #93c5fd;
                box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(37, 99, 235, .11);
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_2li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_al_2a {
                position: relative;
                display: flex;
                align-items: center;
                min-height: 50px;
                box-sizing: border-box;
                padding: 9px 48px 9px 12px;
                color: #1e3a5f;
                font-size: 14px;
                font-weight: 750;
                line-height: 1.35;
                text-decoration: none;
                white-space: normal;
                word-break: keep-all;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_2li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_al_2a::before {
                content: "2단";
                flex: 0 0 auto;
                margin-right: 9px;
                padding: 4px 7px;
                border-radius: 8px;
                background: #dbeafe;
                color: #1d4ed8;
                font-size: 10px;
                font-weight: 900;
                line-height: 1;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_2li > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_ipad_submenu_toggle {
                position: absolute;
                top: 50%;
                right: 9px;
                width: 31px;
                min-width: 31px;
                height: 31px;
                min-height: 31px;
                margin: 0;
                border: 1px solid #bfdbfe;
                border-radius: 9px;
                background: #ffffff;
                color: #2563eb;
                box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(37, 99, 235, .10);
                transform: translateY(-50%);
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_2li[data-gnb-open="true"] > .gnb_all_menu_item_line > .gnb_ipad_submenu_toggle {
                background: #2563eb;
                border-color: #2563eb;
                color: #ffffff;
            }

            /* 3·4단은 계층만 유지하고 시각 무게를 낮춘다. */
            #gnb_all .gnb_al_3ul,
            #gnb_all .gnb_al_4ul {
                margin-left: 14px;
                padding: 7px 0 2px 11px;
                border-left: 1px dashed #cbd5e1;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_3li,
            #gnb_all .gnb_al_4li {
                margin-bottom: 5px;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_3a,
            #gnb_all .gnb_al_4a {
                display: flex;
                align-items: center;
                min-height: 42px;
                padding: 8px 11px;
                border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
                border-radius: 11px;
                background: #ffffff;
                color: #475569;
                font-size: 13px;
                font-weight: 650;
                line-height: 1.35;
                text-decoration: none;
            }

            #gnb_all .gnb_al_3a::before,
            #gnb_all .gnb_al_4a::before {
                content: "";
                width: 6px;
                height: 6px;
                margin-right: 9px;
                border-radius: 999px;
                background: #94a3b8;
            }
        }

        @media (max-width: 540px) {
            #gnb_all .gnb_quick_grid {
                grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
            }
        }

        @keyframes gnbAllPanelIn {
            from {
                opacity: 0;
                transform: translateX(-18px) scale(.985);
            }
            to {
                opacity: 1;
                transform: translateX(0) scale(1);
            }
        }

        @keyframes gnbAllBackdropIn {
            from { opacity: 0; }
            to { opacity: 1; }
        }

        @keyframes gnbAllSubmenuOpen {
            from {
                opacity: 0;
                transform: translateY(-7px) scale(.992);
            }
            to {
                opacity: 1;
                transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
            }
        }

        @keyframes gnbAllFirstDepthIn {
            from {
                opacity: 0;
                transform: translateX(-10px);
            }
            to {
                opacity: 1;
                transform: translateX(0);
            }
        }

        @keyframes gnbQuickItemIn {
            from {
                opacity: 0;
                transform: translateY(8px) scale(.98);
            }
            to {
                opacity: 1;
                transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
            }
        }
    </style>

    <ul id="gnb_1dul" class="d-md-flex fs-4">
        <li class="position-relative p-0">
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                           class="gnb_al_a">Community</a>

                        
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                                <span class="gnb_toggle_symbol" aria-hidden="true">+</span>
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                        </ul>
                    
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                <li class="gnb_al_li">
                    <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
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                <li class="gnb_al_li gnb_all_has_submenu">
                    <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                        <a href="#"
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                           class="gnb_al_a">Stocks &amp; crypto</a>

                        
                            <button type="button"
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                                    aria-expanded="false"
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            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
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            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
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        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
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                    Stock market
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            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
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            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/crypto" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Crypto market
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        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/stock-coin-management" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
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                        </ul>
                    
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                <li class="gnb_al_li">
                    <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
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                           target="_self"
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                <li class="gnb_al_li">
                    <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
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                           target="_self"
                           class="gnb_al_a">Crystal Block Blast leaderboard</a>

                        
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        <button type="button" class="gnb_close_btn" aria-label="Close Full Menu">
            <i class="fa fa-xmark" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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                var $target = $(event.target);

                /*
                 * 전체메뉴가 열린 동안에는 실제 메뉴 바깥 클릭만 닫기로 처리한다.
                 * 배경 레이어는 pointer-events:none이므로 + 버튼 터치가 배경 클릭으로 오인되지 않는다.
                 */
                if (isAllMenuOpen()) {
                    if ($target.closest("#gnb_all, .gnb_menu_btn").length) {
                        return;
                    }

                    event.preventDefault();
                    event.stopPropagation();
                    closeAllMenu();
                    return;
                }

                var gnb = document.getElementById("gnb_1dul");

                if (!gnb || isInsideMenu($("#gnb_1dul"), event.target)) {
                    return;
                }

                closeAllTopMenus();
            });

            $(document).on("keydown", function(event) {
                if (event.key === "Escape") {
                    if (isAllMenuOpen()) {
                        closeAllMenu();
                    } else {
                        closeAllTopMenus();
                    }
                }
            });
        });
    </script>

      </div>
    </nav>
    <button type="button" id="gnb_open" aria-controls="gnb_mo" aria-expanded="false" class="d-block d-md-none fs-1 sub-font bg-transparent me-auto border-0" style="width: 50px;height: 50px;">
      <i class="fa fa-bars" aria-hidden="true"></i>
      <span class="blind">Open</span>
    </button>
    <div id="gnb_mo" class="gnb_mo fs-5">
      <button type="button" id="gnb_close" class="hhd_defined_closer">
        <span class="blind">Close menu</span>
        <i class="fa fa-xmark" aria-hidden="true"></i>
      </button>
      
      <div class="mobile-language-row"><span class="site-language-switch" role="group" aria-label="Language" data-i18n-skip>
  <i class="fa-solid fa-globe" aria-hidden="true"></i>
  <a class="site-language-option" href="https://neoai.kr/news?page=16&amp;lang=ko&amp;set_lang=1" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" aria-current="false" title="한국어로 보기">한국어</a>
  <a class="site-language-option" href="https://neoai.kr/news?page=16&amp;lang=en&amp;set_lang=1" lang="en" hreflang="en" aria-current="page" title="Read in English">English</a>
</span></div>
      <!-- 아웃 로그인 -->
      
      <aside id="ol_before" class="ol py-3">
    <h2>Member login</h2>
    <a href="/bbs/login" class="btn_b01">Log in</a>
    <a href="/bbs/register" class="btn_b02">Sign up</a>
</aside>
      

      <nav aria-label="Mobile menu">
        <ul class="gnb_mobile_tree">
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_1li gnb_all_has_submenu">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="#" target="_self" class="gnb_al_1a">
                    Community
                </a>

                
                    <button type="button"
                            class="gnb_ipad_submenu_toggle"
                            aria-expanded="false"
                            aria-label="Open 커뮤니티 submenu">
                        <span class="gnb_toggle_symbol" aria-hidden="true">+</span>
                    </button>
                
            </div>

            
                <ul class="gnb_al_2ul gnb_all_submenu" aria-hidden="true">
                    
    
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/board/notice/" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Announcements
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/board/gallery/" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Gallery
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/board/free/" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    General discussion
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/board/qa/" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Questions &amp; answers
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    

                </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_1li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/news" target="_self" class="gnb_al_1a">
                    Latest news
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_1li gnb_all_has_submenu">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="#" target="_self" class="gnb_al_1a">
                    Stocks &amp; crypto
                </a>

                
                    <button type="button"
                            class="gnb_ipad_submenu_toggle"
                            aria-expanded="false"
                            aria-label="Open 주식&amp;코인 submenu">
                        <span class="gnb_toggle_symbol" aria-hidden="true">+</span>
                    </button>
                
            </div>

            
                <ul class="gnb_al_2ul gnb_all_submenu" aria-hidden="true">
                    
    
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/my-assets" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Asset dashboard
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/real-estate-analysis" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Real estate analysis
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/stocks" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Stock market
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/investment-management" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Stock portfolio
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/crypto" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Crypto market
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_2li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/stock-coin-management" target="_self" class="gnb_al_2a">
                    Crypto portfolio
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    

                </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_1li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/video-board" target="_self" class="gnb_al_1a">
                    Video content
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
        
        <li class="gnb_al_1li">
            <div class="gnb_all_menu_item_line">
                <a href="/leaderboard" target="_self" class="gnb_al_1a">
                    Crystal Block Blast leaderboard
                </a>

                
            </div>

            
        </li>
    
</ul>
      </nav>

      <ul id="hd_nb">

        <li class="hd_nb1">
          <a href="/bbs/faq" id="snb_faq">
            <i class="fa fa-question" aria-hidden="true"></i>FAQ
          </a>
        </li>
        <li class="hd_nb2">
          <a href="/bbs/qalist" id="snb_qa">
            <i class="fa fa-comments" aria-hidden="true"></i>Contact support
          </a>
        </li>
        <li class="hd_nb3">
          <a href="/bbs/current_connect" id="snb_cnt">
            <i class="fa fa-users" aria-hidden="true"></i>Visitors online
            <span>13</span>
          </a>
        </li>
        <li class="hd_nb4">
          <a href="/bbs/new" id="snb_new">
            <i class="fa fa-history" aria-hidden="true"></i>New posts
          </a>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </div>
       <!-- ver638: 검색 패널은 고정 헤더보다 위에 표시해 입력/닫기 버튼이 가려지지 않게 합니다. -->
       <div id="hd_sch_wr" class="position-fixed start-0 top-0 bg-black bg-opacity-75 w-100 h-100" style="z-index: 100000;">
        <fieldset id="hd_sch" class="position-absolute start-50 container-xxl translate-middle-x text-end" style="top: 20px;">
          <button type="button" id="sch_close_btn" class="d-inline-block text-white cursor-pointer fs-1 mb-2 me-2 bg-transparent border-0" aria-label="Close search"><i class="fa fa-xmark" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
          <span class="blind">Search Entire Site</span>
          <form name="fsearchbox" method="get" action="/bbs/search" onsubmit="return fsearchbox_submit(this);" class="position-relative h-100" >
            <input type="hidden" name="sfl" value="wr_subject||wr_content">
            <input type="hidden" name="sop" value="and">
            <label for="sch_stx" class="blind">Search Term Required</label>
            <input type="text" name="stx" id="sch_stx" maxlength="20" placeholder="Enter a search term" class="form-control form-control-lg card-bg fs-4 rounded-4 overflow-hidden main-border shadow-lg px-3" style="border-radius: 3px 0px 0px 3px;" >
            <button type="submit" id="sch_submit" class="position-absolute top-0 end-0 main-font bg-transparent border-0 fs-4" style="width: 60px; height: 60px;" value="검색">
              <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true" ></i>
              <span class="blind">Search</span>
            </button>
          </form>
          <script>
            function fsearchbox_submit(f) {
              var stx = f.stx.value.trim();
              if (stx.length < 2) {
                alert(window.siteI18n.t("검색어는 두글자 이상 입력하십시오."));
                f.stx.select();
                f.stx.focus();
                return false;
              }
  
              // 검색에 많은 부하가 걸리는 경우 이 주석을 제거하세요.
              var cnt = 0;
              for (var i = 0; i < stx.length; i++) {
                if (stx.charAt(i) == ' ')
                  cnt++;
              }
  
              if (cnt > 1) {
                alert(window.siteI18n.t("빠른 검색을 위하여 검색어에 공백은 한개만 입력할 수 있습니다."));
                f.stx.select();
                f.stx.focus();
                return false;
              }
              f.stx.value = stx;
  
              return true;
            }
          </script>
        </fieldset>
        <!-- 인기검색어 시작 { -->
        

    <section id="popular" class="position-relative mt-2">
        <h2 class="blind">Trending searches</h2>
        <div class="popular_inner overflow-hidden" style="width: 400px;height: 20px;">
            <ul class="d-flex m-0 p-0">
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx=....//....//....//....//etc/passwd" style="main-font">....//....//....//....//etc/passwd</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx=../../../../../../../../etc/passwd" style="main-font">../../../../../../../../etc/passwd</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx=2026" style="main-font">2026</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx= 0 5 0 9 ã¨¬ 6 5    5 6 5" style="main-font"> 0 5 0 9 ã¨¬ 6 5    5 6 5</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx= 0 5 0 9 㨬 6 5    5 6 5" style="main-font"> 0 5 0 9 㨬 6 5    5 6 5</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx=.../.../.../.../.../.../etc/passwd" style="main-font">.../.../.../.../.../.../etc/passwd</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx=../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd" style="main-font">../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx=ë¶€ì‚°ë‚ ì”¨" style="main-font">ë¶€ì‚°ë‚ ì”¨</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx=부산날씨" style="main-font">Busan weather</a>
                    </li>
                
                    <li class="item py-2 pe-4" style="width: auto;">
                        <a href="/bbs/search?stx= 0 5 0 9  1 9 6 5    5 6 5" style="main-font"> 0 5 0 9  1 9 6 5    5 6 5</a>
                    </li>
                
            </ul>
            <span class="popular_btns d-none">
                <a href="#" class="pp-next"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
                <a href="#" class="pp-prev"><i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
            </span>
        </div>
    </section>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/theme_static/bootstrap_neo/js/owlcarousel/owl.carousel.min.css">
    <script src="/theme_static/bootstrap_neo/js/owlcarousel/owl.carousel.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        jQuery(function($){
            
            var popular_el = ".popular_inner ul",
                p_width = $(popular_el).width(),
                c_width = 0;
        
            $(popular_el).children().each(function() {
                c_width += $(this).outerWidth( true );
            });
        
            if( c_width > p_width ){
                var $popular_btns = $(".popular_inner .popular_btns");
                $popular_btns.show();
        
                var p_carousel = $(popular_el).addClass("owl-carousel").owlCarousel({
                    items:5,
                    loop:true,
                    nav:false,
                    dots:false,
                    autoWidth:true,
                    mouseDrag:false,
                });
        
                $popular_btns.on("click", ".pp-next", function(e) {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    p_carousel.trigger('next.owl.carousel');
                })
                .on("click", ".pp-prev", function(e) {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    p_carousel.trigger('prev.owl.carousel');
                });
            }
        });
    </script>

        <!-- } 인기검색어 끝 -->
      </div>

    <div id="util_box" class="d-flex">
      <!-- 검색 버튼 -->
      <button type="button" id="user_btn" aria-controls="hd_sch_wr" aria-expanded="false" class="overflow-hidden border-0 bg-transparent fs-2 sub-font me-1" style="width: 48px; height: 48px;">
        <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i>
        <span class="blind">Search</span>
      </button>
      <!-- 다크모드 버튼 -->
      <button type="button" id="darkmode-toggle-switch" class="overflow-hidden border-0 bg-transparent fs-4 sub-font me-3" style="width: 48px; height: 48px;">
        <i class="fa-solid fa-regular fa-moon visible bright"></i>
        <i class="fa-solid fa-regular fa-sun visible dark"></i>
      </button>
      <!-- 프로필 -->
      <div id="profile" class="dropdown d-none d-md-block bg-transparent">
        <span id="profileDropdown" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" class="d-inline-block rounded-circle overflow-hidden cursor-pointer" style="width: 48px; height: 48px;" tabindex="0">
          <img src="/static/img/no_profile.gif" style="width: 100%;" alt="profile_image">
        </span>
        <div class="dropdown-menu cont-bg rounded-4 main-border overflow-hidden" aria-labelledby="profileDropdown">
          
            
<!-- 로그인 전 아웃로그인 시작 { -->
<style>
/* =========================================================
   OUTLOGIN 2026 - INDEPENDENT / SCOPED
   ---------------------------------------------------------
   적용 범위: #ol_before 내부만
   기존 로그인/회원가입 URL 및 필드명 유지
   Bootstrap / 테마 공통 클래스에 의존하지 않음
   ========================================================= */

#ol_before.ol26-widget {
    --ol26-primary: var(--primaryColor, #4b72c5);
    --ol26-bg: #ffffff;
    --ol26-soft: #f5f7fb;
    --ol26-soft-hover: #eef2f7;
    --ol26-text: #111827;
    --ol26-sub: #5f6b7a;
    --ol26-muted: #98a2b3;
    --ol26-border: #cfd6df;
    --ol26-border-hover: #9da8b7;
    --ol26-focus: rgba(75, 114, 197, 0.16);

    position: relative !important;
    display: block !important;

    width: min(100%, 360px) !important;
    max-width: 360px !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;

    margin: 0 auto !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    border: 1px solid #dde3ea !important;
    border-radius: 18px !important;

    background: var(--ol26-bg) !important;
    color: var(--ol26-text) !important;

    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08) !important;

    overflow: hidden !important;
    isolation: isolate;

    font-family: inherit !important;
    font-size: 14px !important;
    line-height: 1.5 !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget,
#ol_before.ol26-widget *,
#ol_before.ol26-widget *::before,
#ol_before.ol26-widget *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box !important;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   외부 공통 CSS 장식 차단
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-tabs,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-form,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-fields,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-options,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-auto,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-service {
    border-left: 0 !important;
    border-right: 0 !important;
    background-image: none !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-tabs::before,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-tabs::after,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-form::before,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-form::after,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-fields::before,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-fields::after,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-options::before,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-options::after,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-auto::before,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-auto::after,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-service::before,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-service::after {
    content: none !important;
    display: none !important;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   상단 로그인 / 회원가입 탭
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-tabs {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr !important;

    width: 100% !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 12px !important;
    gap: 8px !important;

    border: 0 !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e7ebf0 !important;

    background: #ffffff !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-tab-wrap {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    border: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol_tab {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;

    width: 100% !important;
    min-height: 48px !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 12px 14px !important;

    border-radius: 11px !important;

    font-family: inherit !important;
    font-size: 15px !important;
    font-weight: 800 !important;
    line-height: 1.2 !important;

    text-align: center !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;

    transition:
        background-color .18s ease,
        border-color .18s ease,
        color .18s ease,
        box-shadow .18s ease,
        transform .18s ease !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol_tab_active {
    border: 1px solid var(--ol26-primary) !important;
    background: rgba(9, 65, 185, 0.78) !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 12px rgba(75, 114, 197, 0.18) !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-register-link {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100% !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    border: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol_tab_join {
    border: 1px solid #cfd8e6 !important;
    background: #f2f5fa !important;
    color: var(--ol26-text) !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-register-link:hover .ol_tab_join,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-register-link:focus-visible .ol_tab_join {
    border-color: #aeb9c8 !important;
    background: #e9eef6 !important;
    color: var(--ol26-text) !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-register-link:focus-visible {
    outline: 0 !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol_tab:active {
    transform: translateY(1px) !important;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   로그인 폼
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-form {
    display: block !important;

    width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 22px !important;

    border: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;

    background: #ffffff !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-form fieldset {
    display: block !important;

    width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    border: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-fields {
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    gap: 10px !important;

    width: 100% !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    border: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   아이디 / 비밀번호 입력폼
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
#ol_before.ol26-widget input.ol26-input {
    display: block !important;

    width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    max-width: none !important;

    height: 52px !important;
    min-height: 52px !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 15px !important;

    border: 1px solid var(--ol26-border) !important;
    border-radius: 11px !important;
    outline: 0 !important;

    background: #ffffff !important;
    background-image: none !important;

    color: var(--ol26-text) !important;

    box-shadow:
        inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.01),
        0 1px 2px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.025) !important;

    font-family: inherit !important;
    font-size: 15px !important;
    font-weight: 400 !important;
    line-height: normal !important;

    text-indent: 0 !important;
    letter-spacing: normal !important;

    appearance: none !important;
    -webkit-appearance: none !important;

    transition:
        border-color .18s ease,
        box-shadow .18s ease !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget input.ol26-input:hover {
    border-color: var(--ol26-border-hover) !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget input.ol26-input:focus {
    border-color: var(--ol26-primary) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px var(--ol26-focus) !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget input.ol26-input::placeholder {
    color: var(--ol26-muted) !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   로그인 버튼
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
#ol_before.ol26-widget #ol_submit.ol26-submit {
    display: block !important;

    width: 100% !important;
    min-width: 0 !important;
    max-width: none !important;

    height: 54px !important;
    min-height: 54px !important;

    margin: 2px 0 0 !important;
    padding: 12px 16px !important;

    border: 1px solid var(--ol26-primary) !important;
    border-radius: 11px !important;
    outline: 0 !important;

    background: rgba(192, 12, 12, 0.85) !important;
    background-image: none !important;
    color: #ffffff !important;

    box-shadow: none !important;

    font-family: inherit !important;
    font-size: 16px !important;
    font-weight: 900 !important;
    line-height: 1.2 !important;

    text-align: center !important;
    text-indent: 0 !important;

    appearance: none !important;
    -webkit-appearance: none !important;

    cursor: pointer !important;

    transition:
        background-color .18s ease,
        border-color .18s ease,
        box-shadow .18s ease,
        transform .18s ease !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget #ol_submit.ol26-submit:hover {
    filter: brightness(.93);
    box-shadow: 0 7px 16px rgba(75, 114, 197, .20) !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget #ol_submit.ol26-submit:active {
    transform: translateY(1px) !important;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   자동로그인 / ID·PW 찾기
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-options {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: space-between !important;
    gap: 12px !important;

    width: 100% !important;

    margin: 15px 0 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    border: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-auto {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;

    min-width: 0 !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    border: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-auto input[type="checkbox"] {
    position: static !important;
    display: block !important;

    width: 18px !important;
    min-width: 18px !important;
    height: 18px !important;
    min-height: 18px !important;

    margin: 0 7px 0 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;

    appearance: auto !important;
    -webkit-appearance: checkbox !important;

    accent-color: var(--ol26-primary);

    cursor: pointer !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-auto label {
    position: static !important;
    display: inline !important;

    width: auto !important;
    height: auto !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    overflow: visible !important;
    clip: auto !important;

    border: 0 !important;

    background: transparent !important;
    color: var(--ol26-sub) !important;

    font-family: inherit !important;
    font-size: 13px !important;
    font-weight: 600 !important;
    line-height: 1.4 !important;

    text-indent: 0 !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;

    cursor: pointer !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-service {
    display: flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: flex-end !important;
    gap: 5px !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    border: 0 !important;

    background: transparent !important;
    color: var(--ol26-muted) !important;

    font-size: 12px !important;
    line-height: 1 !important;
    white-space: nowrap !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-service a {
    display: inline-flex !important;
    align-items: center !important;
    justify-content: center !important;

    min-height: 32px !important;

    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 9px !important;

    border: 1px solid #d8dee6 !important;
    border-radius: 8px !important;

    background: #ffffff !important;
    color: #475467 !important;

    box-shadow: none !important;

    font-family: inherit !important;
    font-size: 12px !important;
    font-weight: 700 !important;
    line-height: 1 !important;

    text-decoration: none !important;

    transition:
        border-color .18s ease,
        background-color .18s ease,
        color .18s ease !important;
}

#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-service a:hover,
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-service a:focus-visible {
    border-color: #aeb7c4 !important;
    background: #f7f9fb !important;
    color: var(--ol26-text) !important;
    outline: 0 !important;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   접근성 숨김
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
#ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-blind {
    position: absolute !important;

    width: 1px !important;
    height: 1px !important;

    margin: -1px !important;
    padding: 0 !important;

    overflow: hidden !important;

    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0) !important;
    clip-path: inset(50%) !important;

    white-space: nowrap !important;

    border: 0 !important;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   모바일
   --------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 420px) {
    #ol_before.ol26-widget {
        width: 100% !important;
        max-width: 100% !important;
        border-radius: 16px !important;
    }

    #ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-tabs {
        padding: 10px !important;
        gap: 7px !important;
    }

    #ol_before.ol26-widget .ol_tab {
        min-height: 46px !important;
        padding: 11px 10px !important;
        font-size: 14px !important;
    }

    #ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-form {
        padding: 18px !important;
    }

    #ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-options {
        display: grid !important;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 12px !important;
    }

    #ol_before.ol26-widget .ol26-service {
        justify-content: flex-start !important;
    }
}
</style>

<section id="ol_before" class="ol26-widget" aria-label="Member login">

    <div class="ol26-tabs">
        <h2 class="ol26-tab-wrap">
            <span class="ol_tab ol_tab_active">
                <span class="ol26-blind">Member</span>
                Log in
            </span>
        </h2>

        <a href="/bbs/register" class="ol26-register-link">
            <span class="ol_tab ol_tab_join">
                Sign up
            </span>
        </a>
    </div>

    <form
        name="foutlogin"
        action="/bbs/login"
        onsubmit="return fhead_submit(this);"
        method="post"
        autocomplete="off"
        class="ol26-form"
    >
        <fieldset>
            <legend class="ol26-blind">Log in</legend>

            <input
                type="hidden"
                name="url"
                value="https://neoai.kr/news?lang=en&amp;page=16"
            >

            <div class="ol26-fields">
                <div>
                    <label
                        for="ol_id"
                        id="ol_idlabel"
                        class="ol26-blind"
                    >
                        Member ID
                        <strong>Required</strong>
                    </label>

                    <input
                        type="text"
                        id="ol_id"
                        name="mb_id"
                        class="ol26-input required alnum_"
                        required
                        maxlength="20"
                        placeholder="Username"
                        autocomplete="username"
                    >
                </div>

                <div>
                    <label
                        for="ol_pw"
                        id="ol_pwlabel"
                        class="ol26-blind"
                    >
                        Password
                        <strong>Required</strong>
                    </label>

                    <input
                        type="password"
                        name="mb_password"
                        id="ol_pw"
                        class="ol26-input required"
                        required
                        maxlength="20"
                        placeholder="Password"
                        autocomplete="current-password"
                    >
                </div>

                <input
                    type="submit"
                    id="ol_submit"
                    value="Log in"
                    class="ol26-submit"
                >
            </div>

            <div class="ol26-options">
                <div id="ol_auto" class="ol26-auto">
                    <input
                        type="checkbox"
                        name="auto_login"
                        id="auto_login"
                    >
                    <label for="auto_login">
                        Remember me
                    </label>
                </div>

                <div id="ol_svc" class="ol26-service">
                    <a href="/bbs/id_lost">
                        Find ID
                    </a>

                    <span aria-hidden="true">/</span>

                    <a href="/bbs/password_lost">
                        Find Password
                    </a>
                </div>
            </div>
        </fieldset>
    </form>
</section>

<div class="login-sns sns-wrap-32 sns-wrap-over" id="sns_login" class="mt-0 border-top-0">
    <h3 class="blind">Log in with a social account</h3>
    <div class="sns-wrap">
        
        
    </div>
</div>

<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
    const autoLogin = document.querySelector('#ol_before #auto_login');

    if (autoLogin) {
        autoLogin.addEventListener('click', function() {
            if (this.checked) {
                const confirmResult = confirm(window.siteI18n.t(
                    "자동로그인을 사용하시면 다음부터 회원아이디와 비밀번호를 입력하실 필요가 없습니다.\n\n" +
                    "공공장소에서는 개인정보가 유출될 수 있으니 사용을 자제하여 주십시오.\n\n" +
                    "자동로그인을 사용하시겠습니까?"
                ));

                if (!confirmResult) {
                    this.checked = false;
                }
            }
        });
    }
});

function fhead_submit(f) {
    /*
     * 기존 outlogin1 이벤트가 등록되어 있으면 그대로 실행합니다.
     * jQuery가 없는 환경에서는 로그인 submit 자체를 막지 않습니다.
     */
    if (window.jQuery) {
        if (
            jQuery(document.body).triggerHandler(
                'outlogin1',
                [f, 'foutlogin']
            ) !== false
        ) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    return true;
}
</script>
<!-- } 로그인 전 아웃로그인 끝 -->
          
        </div>
      </div>
    </div> 
  </div>


    </header>
<!-- } 상단 끝 -->


<hr>

<!-- 콘텐츠 시작 { -->
 
<div id="wrapper" class="container-xxl w-100 overflow-hidden pt-md-5">

  <h2 id="container_title" class="pb-3"><span class="fs-4 main-font"></span></h2>
    

<div id="autoNewsApp" class="auto-news-wrap">
  <style>
    .auto-news-wrap{--an-bg:#f6f8fb;--an-ink:#111827;--an-sub:#667085;--an-line:#e5e7eb;--an-card:#fff;--an-main:#0b2447;--an-blue:#2563eb;--an-warn:#c2410c;--an-yellow:#fef08a;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI","Noto Sans KR",sans-serif;color:var(--an-ink);background:var(--an-bg);min-height:100vh;font-size:14px}
    .auto-news-wrap *{box-sizing:border-box}
    .an-site-header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:50;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--an-line);box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(15,23,42,.06)}
    .an-site-header-inner{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:14px 18px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}
    .an-site-brand{font-size:18px;font-weight:900;color:var(--an-main);text-decoration:none}
    .an-site-nav{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}.an-site-nav a{font-size:13px;font-weight:800;color:#344054;text-decoration:none;padding:7px 9px;border-radius:6px}.an-site-nav a:hover{background:#f2f4f7}
    .an-hero{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#07172f,#0b2447 58%,#123d79);color:#fff;padding:34px 18px 28px}
    .an-hero-inner{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto}.an-kicker{font-size:13px;color:#bfdbfe;margin-bottom:8px}.an-title{font-size:28px;line-height:1.25;margin:0;font-weight:900}.an-desc{font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;color:#dbeafe;margin:10px 0 0;max-width:780px}
    .an-admin{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:14px}.an-admin-panel{display:grid;gap:8px;margin-top:12px;padding:12px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.1);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.22);border-radius:8px}.an-admin-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(240px,1fr) repeat(6,minmax(128px,170px));gap:8px;align-items:stretch}.an-publish-options{grid-column:1/-2;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(7,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px;min-width:0}.an-admin-grid>.an-btn{grid-column:-2/-1;width:100%}
    .an-input,.an-select{height:40px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;padding:0 11px;font-size:14px;background:#fff;color:var(--an-ink);min-width:0}.an-textarea{width:100%;min-height:210px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;padding:12px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;resize:vertical;color:var(--an-ink)}
    .an-btn{height:40px;border:0;border-radius:6px;padding:0 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:800;cursor:pointer;background:var(--an-main);color:#fff;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:6px}.an-btn.secondary{background:#eef2ff;color:#1e3a8a}.an-btn.warning{background:#f59e0b;color:#111827}.an-btn.danger{background:#dc2626;color:#fff}.an-btn.success{background:#047857;color:#fff}.an-btn:disabled{opacity:.7;cursor:not-allowed}
    /* ver154: Threads·Instagram·TikTok 외부 발행 버튼이 같은 상태 표현을 사용합니다. */
    .an-buffer-btn,.an-instagram-btn,.an-tiktok-btn,.an-youtube-btn,.an-facebook-btn,.an-x-btn,.an-blogger-btn{position:relative;overflow:hidden;isolation:isolate;transition:transform .16s ease,box-shadow .2s ease,background-color .2s ease,color .2s ease}
    .an-buffer-btn:not(:disabled):hover,.an-instagram-btn:not(:disabled):hover,.an-tiktok-btn:not(:disabled):hover,.an-youtube-btn:not(:disabled):hover,.an-facebook-btn:not(:disabled):hover,.an-x-btn:not(:disabled):hover,.an-blogger-btn:not(:disabled):hover{transform:translateY(-1px);box-shadow:0 7px 16px rgba(4,120,87,.24)}
    .an-buffer-btn:not(:disabled):active,.an-buffer-btn.is-pressed,.an-instagram-btn:not(:disabled):active,.an-instagram-btn.is-pressed,.an-tiktok-btn:not(:disabled):active,.an-tiktok-btn.is-pressed,.an-youtube-btn:not(:disabled):active,.an-youtube-btn.is-pressed,.an-facebook-btn:not(:disabled):active,.an-facebook-btn.is-pressed,.an-x-btn:not(:disabled):active,.an-x-btn.is-pressed,.an-blogger-btn:not(:disabled):active,.an-blogger-btn.is-pressed{transform:translateY(2px) scale(.96);box-shadow:inset 0 3px 8px rgba(15,23,42,.3)}
    .an-buffer-btn.is-loading,.an-instagram-btn.is-loading,.an-tiktok-btn.is-loading,.an-youtube-btn.is-loading,.an-facebook-btn.is-loading,.an-x-btn.is-loading,.an-blogger-btn.is-loading{background:#1d4ed8;color:#fff;cursor:wait;opacity:1}
    .an-buffer-btn.is-loading:before,.an-instagram-btn.is-loading:before,.an-tiktok-btn.is-loading:before,.an-youtube-btn.is-loading:before,.an-facebook-btn.is-loading:before,.an-x-btn.is-loading:before,.an-blogger-btn.is-loading:before{content:"";width:15px;height:15px;border:2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.42);border-top-color:#fff;border-radius:50%;animation:an-buffer-spin .72s linear infinite}
    .an-buffer-btn.is-complete,.an-instagram-btn.is-complete,.an-tiktok-btn.is-complete,.an-youtube-btn.is-complete,.an-facebook-btn.is-complete,.an-x-btn.is-complete,.an-blogger-btn.is-complete{background:#047857;color:#fff;opacity:1;animation:an-buffer-complete .55s ease both}
    .an-buffer-btn.is-queued,.an-instagram-btn.is-queued,.an-tiktok-btn.is-queued,.an-youtube-btn.is-queued,.an-facebook-btn.is-queued,.an-x-btn.is-queued,.an-blogger-btn.is-queued{background:#0369a1;color:#fff;opacity:1}
    .an-buffer-btn.is-attention,.an-instagram-btn.is-attention,.an-tiktok-btn.is-attention,.an-youtube-btn.is-attention,.an-facebook-btn.is-attention,.an-x-btn.is-attention,.an-blogger-btn.is-attention{background:#f59e0b;color:#111827;opacity:1}
    .an-buffer-btn.is-error,.an-instagram-btn.is-error,.an-tiktok-btn.is-error,.an-youtube-btn.is-error,.an-facebook-btn.is-error,.an-x-btn.is-error,.an-blogger-btn.is-error{background:#dc2626;color:#fff;opacity:1;animation:an-buffer-error .34s ease both}
    @keyframes an-buffer-spin{to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}
    @keyframes an-buffer-complete{0%{transform:scale(.94)}55%{transform:scale(1.06)}100%{transform:scale(1)}}
    @keyframes an-buffer-error{0%,100%{transform:translateX(0)}25%{transform:translateX(-4px)}75%{transform:translateX(4px)}}
    .an-manual-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:10px}.an-check{min-height:40px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;padding:8px 11px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:13px;color:#344054;background:#fff}.an-check input{width:16px;height:16px;margin:0}
    .an-toolbar{max-width:1180px;margin:18px auto 0;padding:0 18px}.an-toolbar-box{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(220px,1fr) 150px 145px 110px auto;gap:8px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;padding:10px;box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(15,23,42,.07)}
    .an-category-nav{max-width:1180px;margin:16px auto 0;padding:0 18px}.an-category-nav-inner{display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;overflow-x:auto;padding:2px 0 6px;scrollbar-width:thin}.an-category-nav a{flex:0 0 auto;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;min-height:36px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:999px;padding:7px 11px;background:#fff;color:#344054;text-decoration:none;font-size:13px;font-weight:800}.an-category-nav a.active,.an-category-nav a:hover{border-color:var(--an-blue);background:#eff6ff;color:#1d4ed8}.an-category-nav-count{font-size:11px;color:#64748b}.an-category-manager-body{padding:16px}.an-category-add-form{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,.65fr) minmax(150px,.7fr) 90px minmax(220px,1.4fr) auto;gap:8px;align-items:start;padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc;margin-bottom:12px}.an-category-add-form textarea{min-height:72px}.an-category-manager-list{display:grid;gap:10px}.an-category-manager-item{border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;padding:12px;background:#fff}.an-category-manager-fields{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,.65fr) minmax(150px,.7fr) 90px minmax(220px,1.4fr);gap:8px}.an-category-manager-fields textarea{min-height:72px}.an-category-manager-actions{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-top:8px}.an-category-manager-meta{font-size:12px;color:#667085}.an-category-manager-buttons{display:flex;gap:8px}.an-category-manager-empty{padding:28px;text-align:center;border:1px dashed var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;color:#667085}
    .an-detail-list-actions{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-left:auto}.an-inline-form{display:inline-flex;margin:0}.an-inline-form .an-btn{margin:0}
    .an-card-admin{min-width:0;background:#f8fafc;border-left:1px solid var(--an-line)}.an-card-admin>summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:7px;min-height:52px;padding:10px 8px;color:#344054;font-size:13px;font-weight:900;text-align:center;user-select:none}.an-card-admin>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.an-card-admin>summary:hover{background:#eef2ff;color:#1e3a8a}.an-card-admin-toggle-text:before{content:attr(data-label-open)}.an-card-admin-toggle-icon{display:inline-block;font-size:11px;transition:transform .18s ease}.an-card-admin[open] .an-card-admin-toggle-text:before{content:attr(data-label-close)}.an-card-admin[open] .an-card-admin-toggle-icon{transform:rotate(180deg)}.an-card-admin[open]>summary{border-bottom:1px solid var(--an-line);background:#eef2ff;color:#1e3a8a}.an-card-actions{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;padding:12px}.an-card-actions .an-btn{height:34px;font-size:13px;width:100%}.an-card-admin:focus-within{outline:2px solid rgba(37,99,235,.2);outline-offset:-2px}
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    .an-detail-layout{max-width:1180px;margin:20px auto;padding:0 18px 44px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 270px;gap:18px}.an-detail-main,.an-detail-side{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px}.an-detail-main{padding:26px;min-width:0}.an-detail-side{padding:16px;height:max-content}.an-detail-title{font-size:28px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 12px;font-weight:900}.an-detail-meta{font-size:13px;color:var(--an-sub);margin-bottom:14px}.an-attachment-bar{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:12px;background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;margin:12px 0 16px}.an-feature-img{display:block;width:100%;max-height:620px;object-fit:contain;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);margin:8px 0 18px;background:#f8fafc}.an-feature-img.is-unavailable,.an-inline-img.is-unavailable{display:none!important}.an-instagram-video{display:block;width:100%;max-height:720px;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:contain;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);margin:8px auto 18px;background:#000}.an-video-note{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--an-sub);margin:4px 0 12px}
    .an-generated-figure{margin:18px 0;padding:10px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px}.an-inline-img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:720px;object-fit:contain;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);background:#f8fafc}.an-figcaption{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6;color:#667085;text-align:center;margin:8px 0 0}
    .an-coupang-partners{margin:0 0 22px;padding:14px;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden}.an-coupang-ad-list{display:grid;gap:12px;justify-items:center}.an-coupang-ad-item{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;text-align:center}.an-coupang-ad-item iframe{display:block;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;border:0}.an-coupang-ad-item img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto}.an-article p.an-coupang-disclosure{margin:0 0 12px;padding:0 0 10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--an-line);font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:#0066cc;text-align:center}.an-code-label{grid-column:1/-1;font-size:14px;font-weight:900;color:#111827}.an-code-textarea{grid-column:1/-1;width:100%;min-height:190px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;padding:12px;font:12px/1.6 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;resize:vertical;color:var(--an-ink);background:#fff}.an-mode-summary{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:#667085;background:#f8fafc;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:7px;padding:10px 12px}.an-coupang-manager-body{padding:16px}.an-coupang-add-form{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(180px,.45fr) minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:8px;align-items:start;padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc;margin-bottom:12px}.an-coupang-add-form .an-code-textarea{grid-column:auto;min-height:110px}.an-coupang-manager-list{display:grid;gap:10px}.an-coupang-manager-item{border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;padding:12px;background:#fff}.an-coupang-manager-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:8px}.an-coupang-manager-meta{font-size:12px;color:#667085}.an-coupang-manager-fields{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(180px,.38fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}.an-coupang-manager-fields textarea{min-height:120px}.an-coupang-manager-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;justify-content:flex-end;margin-top:8px}.an-coupang-manager-empty{padding:28px;text-align:center;border:1px dashed var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;color:#667085}.an-coupang-manager-note{font-size:12px;line-height:1.65;color:#667085;margin:0 0 12px}
    .an-article{font-size:14px;line-height:1.78;color:#263241}.an-article h1{font-size:28px;line-height:1.35;margin:8px 0 18px;color:#111827;letter-spacing:-.03em}.an-article h2{font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;margin:28px 0 11px;font-weight:900;padding:9px 12px;border-left:4px solid;border-radius:0 7px 7px 0}.an-article h3{font-size:15px;line-height:1.5;margin:20px 0 8px;font-weight:900}.an-article p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.78;margin:10px 0;color:#263241}.an-article ul,.an-article ol{padding-left:22px;margin:10px 0}.an-article li{margin:6px 0}.an-article a{color:#1d4ed8;font-weight:800;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}.an-article .an-lead-paragraph{font-size:16px;line-height:1.72;font-weight:700;color:#17345f;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#eff6ff,#f8fbff);border-left:4px solid var(--an-blue);padding:14px 15px;border-radius:7px;margin:12px 0 20px}.an-article .an-section-lead{font-size:15px;font-weight:700}.an-article .an-data-paragraph{font-size:15px;color:#065f46;background:#ecfdf5;padding:10px 12px;border-radius:7px}.an-article .an-warning-paragraph{color:#9a3412;background:#fff7ed;padding:10px 12px;border-left:3px solid #fb923c;border-radius:6px}.an-article .an-note-paragraph{font-size:13px;color:#64748b;background:#f8fafc;border-left:3px solid #cbd5e1;padding:10px 12px;margin:14px 0}.an-section-title.an-tone-blue{color:#1d4ed8;border-color:#3b82f6;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#eff6ff,transparent)}.an-section-title.an-tone-purple{color:#6d28d9;border-color:#8b5cf6;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#f5f3ff,transparent)}.an-section-title.an-tone-green{color:#047857;border-color:#10b981;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#ecfdf5,transparent)}.an-section-subtitle.an-tone-blue{color:#1e40af}.an-section-subtitle.an-tone-purple{color:#6d28d9}.an-section-subtitle.an-tone-green{color:#047857}.an-section-lead.an-tone-blue{color:#1e3a8a}.an-section-lead.an-tone-purple{color:#5b21b6}.an-section-lead.an-tone-green{color:#065f46}.an-emphasis-key{color:#1d4ed8;font-size:1.05em;font-weight:900}.an-emphasis-warn{color:#c2410c;font-size:1.04em;font-weight:900}.an-emphasis-highlight{background:linear-gradient(transparent 45%,#fde68a 45%);color:#7c2d12;font-size:1.04em;font-weight:900;padding:0 2px}.an-user-color{font-weight:inherit}.an-user-bold{font-weight:900}.an-user-underline{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.an-user-size-12{font-size:12px}.an-user-size-14{font-size:14px}.an-user-size-16{font-size:16px}.an-user-size-18{font-size:18px}.an-user-size-20{font-size:20px}.an-user-size-24{font-size:24px}.an-user-size-28{font-size:28px}
    .an-editor-tools{grid-column:1/-1;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:9px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:7px;background:#f8fafc}.an-editor-tool{height:34px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;background:#fff;color:#1f2937;padding:0 10px;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;cursor:pointer}.an-editor-tool:hover{border-color:#93c5fd;background:#eff6ff}.an-editor-color{width:42px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;background:#fff;padding:3px}.an-editor-size{height:34px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;background:#fff;padding:0 8px;font-size:13px}.an-address-row{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:7px}.an-address-prefix{height:40px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0 10px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;background:#f8fafc;color:#64748b;font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap}.an-image-current{grid-column:1/-1;display:none;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding:9px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:7px;background:#fff}.an-image-current.open{display:flex}.an-image-current img{width:96px;height:64px;object-fit:cover;border-radius:6px;border:1px solid var(--an-line)}.an-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:12px 0;font-size:13px;display:block;overflow-x:auto}.an-table th,.an-table td{border:1px solid var(--an-line);padding:9px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;min-width:110px}.an-table th{background:#f8fafc;color:#111827}.an-bullet{padding-left:12px;border-left:3px solid #dbeafe}
    .an-side-title{font-size:14px;font-weight:900;margin:0 0 8px}.an-side-list{display:grid;gap:7px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;color:#344054;font-size:13px}.an-category-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin:8px 0 14px}.an-category-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;border:1px solid var(--an-line);background:#f8fafc;color:#344054;text-decoration:none;border-radius:999px;padding:5px 9px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700}.an-category-pill:hover{border-color:var(--an-blue);color:#1d4ed8}.an-recent-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;margin:16px 0 8px}.an-recent-select{height:32px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;background:#fff;font-size:12px;padding:0 6px}.an-recent-list{display:grid;gap:8px;margin:0 0 14px;padding:0;list-style:none}.an-recent-list a{display:block;color:#1f2937;text-decoration:none;font-size:13px;line-height:1.42;font-weight:700}.an-recent-date{display:block;color:var(--an-sub);font-size:11px;margin-top:2px;font-weight:400}
    .an-direct-links{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px;padding-top:4px}.an-direct-link-field{display:grid;gap:5px}.an-direct-link-field span{font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:#dbeafe}.an-direct-link-field textarea{min-height:76px;resize:vertical;line-height:1.45}.an-direct-link-note{grid-column:1/-1;margin:0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;color:#dbeafe}.an-product-links{display:grid;gap:14px;margin:0 0 18px;padding:14px;border:1px solid #dbeafe;border-radius:8px;background:#f8fbff}.an-product-link-item{display:grid;gap:8px;padding-bottom:14px;border-bottom:1px solid #e5e7eb}.an-product-link-item:last-child{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}.an-article p.an-product-link-disclosure{margin:0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:#475467}.an-article p.an-product-link-toss-text{margin:0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:#344054;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.an-product-link-inline{font-weight:800;color:#1d4ed8!important;text-decoration:underline!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-all}.an-product-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr);min-height:112px;border:1px solid #d0d5dd;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;background:#fff;color:#101828!important;text-decoration:none!important}.an-product-card:hover{border-color:#93c5fd;box-shadow:0 4px 14px rgba(15,23,42,.08)}.an-product-card-image{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:#f2f4f7;min-height:112px}.an-product-card-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:100%;min-height:112px;object-fit:cover}.an-product-card-image-empty{font-size:13px;font-weight:800;color:#98a2b3}.an-product-card-body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;gap:5px;padding:12px 14px;min-width:0}.an-product-card-title{font-size:15px;line-height:1.45;color:#101828}.an-product-card-description{display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;font-size:13px;line-height:1.55;color:#475467}.an-product-card-domain{font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:#667085}.an-product-card-url{font-size:11px;line-height:1.45;color:#1d4ed8;overflow-wrap:anywhere;word-break:break-all}.an-scheduler-body{padding:16px}.an-scheduler-panel{display:flex;flex-direction:column;overflow:hidden;height:90dvh}.an-scheduler-panel .an-scheduler-body{flex:1;min-height:0;overflow-y:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain}.an-scheduler-panel #anSchedulerSaveStatus{padding:8px 16px;font-size:14px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.an-scheduler-head:not([hidden]){display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc}.an-scheduler-switch{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;font-size:14px;font-weight:900}.an-scheduler-switch input{width:18px;height:18px}.an-scheduler-times{display:grid;gap:8px;margin:12px 0}.an-scheduler-time-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(150px,220px) auto;gap:8px;align-items:center}.an-scheduler-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end;margin:0;padding:12px 16px;border-top:1px solid var(--an-line);flex-shrink:0}.an-scheduler-time-presets{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:12px 0 6px}.an-scheduler-time-presets .an-coupang-manager-meta{margin-right:auto}.an-scheduler-limit{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(180px,280px) minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px;align-items:center}.an-scheduler-note{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:#667085;margin:10px 0 0}.an-scheduler-gpt-section{margin-top:12px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc;padding:12px}.an-scheduler-gpt-head{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin-bottom:10px}.an-scheduler-gpt-title{font-size:14px;font-weight:900;color:#111827}.an-scheduler-gpt-meta{font-size:11px;line-height:1.55;color:#667085;margin-top:3px}.an-scheduler-gpt-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px}.an-scheduler-gpt-card{border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:7px;background:#fff;padding:10px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px}.an-scheduler-gpt-card strong{display:block;font-size:13px;color:#111827}.an-scheduler-gpt-card small{display:block;font-size:11px;line-height:1.45;color:#667085;margin-top:2px}.an-scheduler-gpt-card input{width:18px;height:18px;flex:0 0 auto}.an-affiliate-edit-grid{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px;padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc}.an-affiliate-edit-grid label{display:grid;gap:5px;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:#344054}
    /* ver359: 플랫폼별 프롬프트를 코드가 아니라 DB 프로필로 관리하는 한글 관리자 UI */
    .an-prompt-manager-body{padding:16px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px}.an-prompt-sidebar{border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc;padding:10px;align-self:start;position:sticky;top:66px}.an-prompt-sidebar-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:900;color:#111827;margin:2px 4px 8px}.an-prompt-platform-list{display:grid;gap:5px}.an-prompt-platform-btn{width:100%;min-height:38px;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:7px;background:transparent;color:#344054;text-align:left;padding:8px 10px;font-size:13px;font-weight:800;cursor:pointer}.an-prompt-platform-btn:hover{background:#eef2ff;color:#1e3a8a}.an-prompt-platform-btn.active{background:#e0e7ff;border-color:#a5b4fc;color:#1e3a8a}.an-prompt-workspace{min-width:0}.an-prompt-status-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:12px;align-items:center;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;padding:12px;background:#fff;margin-bottom:10px}.an-prompt-status-title{font-size:15px;font-weight:900;color:#111827}.an-prompt-status-meta{font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;color:#667085;margin-top:4px}.an-prompt-toggle{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:12px;font-weight:900;color:#344054;white-space:nowrap}.an-prompt-toggle input{width:18px;height:18px}.an-prompt-list{display:grid;gap:8px;margin-bottom:12px}.an-prompt-item{border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;padding:11px;background:#fff}.an-prompt-item.is-default{border-color:#60a5fa;background:#eff6ff}.an-prompt-item-head{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px}.an-prompt-item-name{font-size:13px;font-weight:900;color:#111827}.an-prompt-item-meta{font-size:11px;color:#667085;margin-top:4px;line-height:1.5}.an-prompt-item-actions{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end}.an-prompt-mini{height:30px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;padding:0 9px;background:#fff;color:#344054;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;cursor:pointer}.an-prompt-mini.primary{background:#1d4ed8;border-color:#1d4ed8;color:#fff}.an-prompt-mini.danger{background:#fff1f2;border-color:#fecdd3;color:#be123c}.an-prompt-editor{border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc;padding:12px}.an-prompt-editor-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 150px;gap:8px}.an-prompt-editor textarea{width:100%;min-height:310px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:7px;padding:12px;font:13px/1.65 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;resize:vertical;background:#fff;color:#111827}.an-prompt-help{font-size:11px;line-height:1.6;color:#667085;margin:8px 0}.an-prompt-vars{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:8px 0}.an-prompt-var{border:1px solid #cbd5e1;border-radius:999px;background:#fff;color:#475467;padding:5px 8px;font-size:11px;font-weight:800;cursor:pointer}.an-prompt-editor-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap}.an-prompt-empty{border:1px dashed var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;padding:24px;text-align:center;color:#667085;background:#fff}.an-prompt-badge{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:22px;border-radius:999px;padding:3px 8px;background:#dcfce7;color:#166534;font-size:11px;font-weight:900}.an-prompt-badge.gray{background:#f2f4f7;color:#667085}.an-prompt-badge.blue{background:#dbeafe;color:#1d4ed8}

    /* ver361: 전체 외부 운영 설정 센터. 영문 env 키는 UI에 직접 노출하지 않고 한글 라벨/분류로 관리합니다. */
    .an-settings-center-body{padding:16px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr);gap:14px;min-height:620px}.an-settings-sidebar{border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#f8fafc;padding:10px;align-self:start;position:sticky;top:66px}.an-settings-sidebar-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:900;color:#111827;margin:2px 4px 8px}.an-settings-category-list{display:grid;gap:4px;max-height:520px;overflow:auto}.an-settings-category-btn{width:100%;min-height:36px;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:7px;background:transparent;color:#344054;text-align:left;padding:7px 9px;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px}.an-settings-category-btn:hover{background:#eef2ff;color:#1e3a8a}.an-settings-category-btn.active{background:#e0e7ff;border-color:#a5b4fc;color:#1e3a8a}.an-settings-category-count{font-size:10px;color:#667085;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d0d5dd;border-radius:999px;padding:2px 6px}.an-settings-workspace{min-width:0}.an-settings-toolbar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(240px,1fr) auto auto;gap:8px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:10px}.an-settings-toolbar-note{font-size:11px;color:#667085;line-height:1.55;margin:0 0 10px}.an-settings-list{display:grid;gap:8px}.an-setting-item{border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#fff;padding:11px}.an-setting-item.is-overridden{border-color:#93c5fd;background:#f8fbff}.an-setting-item-head{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;margin-bottom:8px}.an-setting-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:900;color:#111827}.an-setting-meta{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:4px;font-size:10px;color:#667085}.an-setting-badge{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:20px;border-radius:999px;padding:2px 7px;background:#f2f4f7;color:#475467;font-size:10px;font-weight:800}.an-setting-badge.db{background:#dbeafe;color:#1d4ed8}.an-setting-badge.restart{background:#fef3c7;color:#92400e}.an-setting-control{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:8px;align-items:center}.an-setting-control textarea{min-height:82px;resize:vertical}.an-setting-secret-note{font-size:10px;color:#667085;margin-top:5px}.an-setting-empty{padding:28px;border:1px dashed var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:#fff;text-align:center;color:#667085}.an-settings-footer{position:sticky;bottom:0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin-top:12px;padding:10px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:8px;background:rgba(255,255,255,.96);box-shadow:0 -6px 20px rgba(15,23,42,.07)}.an-settings-dirty{font-size:11px;color:#667085}.an-settings-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}.an-setting-toggle{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:12px;font-weight:800;color:#344054}.an-setting-toggle input{width:18px;height:18px}.an-setting-reset{height:34px;border:1px solid #d0d5dd;border-radius:6px;background:#fff;color:#475467;padding:0 9px;font-size:11px;font-weight:800;cursor:pointer}.an-setting-reset:hover{background:#f8fafc}.an-settings-security{border:1px solid #bbf7d0;border-radius:8px;background:#f0fdf4;color:#166534;padding:10px 12px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.55;margin-bottom:10px}.an-settings-profilebar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(190px,1fr) auto auto auto;gap:7px;align-items:center;margin:0 0 10px;padding:9px;border:1px solid #dbeafe;border-radius:8px;background:#f8fbff}.an-settings-profilebar .an-select{min-width:0}.an-settings-profile-hint{grid-column:1/-1;font-size:10px;line-height:1.45;color:#64748b}

    @media(max-width:760px){.an-prompt-manager-body{grid-template-columns:1fr}.an-prompt-sidebar{position:static}.an-prompt-platform-list{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.an-prompt-editor-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.an-prompt-status-card{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
    @media(max-width:760px){.an-settings-center-body{grid-template-columns:1fr}.an-settings-sidebar{position:static}.an-settings-category-list{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));max-height:none}.an-settings-toolbar{grid-template-columns:1fr}.an-settings-profilebar{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.an-settings-profile-hint{grid-column:1/-1}.an-setting-control{grid-template-columns:1fr}.an-settings-footer{position:static;display:block}.an-settings-actions{margin-top:8px}}
    .an-modal{position:fixed;inset:0;background:rgba(2,6,23,.58);display:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:18px;z-index:9999;width:100%;height:100dvh;max-width:none;max-height:none;margin:0;border:0}.an-modal.open{display:flex}.an-panel{width:min(940px,100%);max-height:90vh;background:#fff;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--an-line)}.an-panel:not(.an-scheduler-panel){overflow:auto}.an-panel-head{position:sticky;top:0;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--an-line);padding:14px 16px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;z-index:2}.an-panel-head h2{font-size:16px;line-height:1.35;margin:0}.an-close{border:0;background:#f2f4f7;border-radius:6px;width:36px;height:36px;font-size:20px;cursor:pointer}.an-edit-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px;padding:16px}.an-edit-grid .wide{grid-column:1/-1}.an-edit-textarea{width:100%;min-height:340px;border:1px solid var(--an-line);border-radius:6px;padding:12px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;resize:vertical}.an-toast{position:fixed;right:16px;bottom:16px;max-width:390px;background:#111827;color:#fff;border-radius:8px;padding:12px 14px;font-size:13px;display:none;z-index:10000}.an-toast.show{display:block}.an-site-footer{background:#0b1220;color:#cbd5e1;margin-top:26px}.an-site-footer-inner{max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:24px 18px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:13px;line-height:1.6}.an-site-footer a{color:#bfdbfe;text-decoration:none;font-weight:700}
    @media(max-width:980px){.an-detail-list-actions{margin-left:0}.an-admin-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.an-admin-grid .an-keyword{grid-column:1/-1}.an-publish-options{grid-column:1/-1;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.an-admin-grid>.an-btn{grid-column:1/-1}.an-direct-links,.an-affiliate-edit-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.an-toolbar-box{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr}.an-toolbar-box .an-search-wide{grid-column:1/-1}.an-card,.an-card.has-admin-actions{grid-template-columns:220px minmax(0,1fr)}.an-card-admin{grid-column:1/-1;border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--an-line)}.an-card-admin>summary{justify-content:flex-end;min-height:42px;padding:8px 12px}.an-card-actions{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap}.an-card-actions .an-btn{width:auto;flex:1 1 150px}.an-detail-layout{display:block}.an-detail-side{margin-top:14px}}
    @media(max-width:768px){.an-detail-list-actions{width:100%;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.an-detail-list-actions .an-btn,.an-detail-list-actions .an-inline-form,.an-detail-list-actions .an-inline-form .an-btn{width:100%}.an-title,.an-detail-title{font-size:24px}.an-scheduler-gpt-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.an-admin-grid,.an-publish-options,.an-toolbar-box,.an-edit-grid,.an-coupang-add-form,.an-coupang-manager-fields,.an-category-add-form,.an-category-manager-fields,.an-direct-links,.an-affiliate-edit-grid,.an-scheduler-limit{grid-template-columns:1fr}.an-edit-grid .wide,.an-admin-grid .an-keyword,.an-publish-options,.an-admin-grid>.an-btn,.an-toolbar-box .an-search-wide{grid-column:auto}.an-card,.an-card.has-admin-actions{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:0}.an-thumb{order:1;width:100%;min-height:0;aspect-ratio:16/9}.an-body{order:2;width:100%;padding:14px}.an-card-admin{order:3;width:100%;border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--an-line)}.an-card-admin>summary{justify-content:center}.an-card-actions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.an-card-actions .an-btn{width:100%}.an-status,.an-site-header-inner{display:block}.an-site-nav{margin-top:8px}.an-detail-main{padding:18px}.an-product-card{grid-template-columns:1fr}.an-product-card-image,.an-product-card-image img{min-height:0;aspect-ratio:16/9}}

    /* ver592: one studio style per selector and breakpoint replaces layered ver363-366
       overrides. Existing control IDs, drawer ownership and public article styles are preserved. */
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode{--studio-bg:#0b0e14;--studio-panel:#141a25;--studio-panel2:#1b2230;--studio-line:#2d3548;--studio-text:#f3f5fb;--studio-sub:#aab4c8;--studio-muted:#9ba9c0;--studio-orange:#3972e8;--studio-green:#42d392;--studio-blue:#669bff;--studio-yellow:#ffcb58;--studio-red:#ff6c7c;--studio-purple:#a98bff;background:var(--studio-bg);color:var(--studio-text);min-height:100vh;padding-left:var(--studio-rail-width);--studio-rail-width:184px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;position:relative;isolation:isolate;}
.an-studio-rail{position:fixed;left:var(--studio-rail-left,0px);top:var(--studio-rail-top,0px);bottom:auto;width:var(--studio-rail-width);z-index:90;background:var(--studio-panel);border-right:1px solid var(--studio-line);display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;padding:20px 12px;gap:8px;overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:none;height:calc(100vh - var(--studio-rail-top,0px));}
.an-studio-rail::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}
.an-studio-logo{width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--studio-blue);display:grid;place-items:center;color:rgb(255, 255, 255);font-weight:950;font-size:14px;margin:0 0 18px;box-shadow:none;flex:0 0 auto;margin-bottom:8px;align-self:flex-start;}
.an-studio-nav-btn{position:relative;width:100%;min-height:48px;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:12px;background:transparent;color:var(--studio-sub);display:flex;place-items:center;cursor:pointer;padding:12px;flex:0 0 auto;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;gap:8px;}
.an-studio-nav-btn:hover{background:rgb(21, 27, 39);color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}
.an-studio-nav-btn.active{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-blue) 12%,var(--studio-panel));border-color:var(--studio-blue);color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-studio-nav-btn span{font-size:14px;font-weight:900;line-height:1.25;letter-spacing:-0.02em;white-space:nowrap;}
.an-studio-nav-sep{width:100%;border-top:1px solid rgb(37, 44, 60);margin:5px 0px;}
.an-studio-topbar{position:relative;top:0px;z-index:80;min-height:68px;background:rgba(14, 19, 29, 0.96);backdrop-filter:blur(14px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--studio-line);display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding:20px 24px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.an-studio-title-wrap{min-width:0px;}
.an-studio-title{font-size:16px;font-weight:950;letter-spacing:-0.02em;}
.an-studio-subtitle{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-sub);margin-top:3px;white-space:normal;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}
.an-studio-top-actions{display:flex;gap:7px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.an-studio-top-actions .an-btn{height:36px;border:1px solid rgb(56, 66, 88);border-radius:9px;background:rgb(27, 34, 48);color:rgb(245, 247, 251);font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-top-actions .an-btn.success{background:rgb(23, 49, 36);color:rgb(134, 239, 172);border-color:rgb(45, 96, 70);}
.an-studio-top-actions .an-btn.warning{background:rgb(52, 37, 20);color:rgb(252, 211, 77);border-color:rgb(102, 80, 42);}
.an-studio-top-actions .an-btn.primary{background:var(--studio-orange);border-color:var(--studio-orange);color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}
.an-studio-page{display:none;max-width:1440px;margin:0px auto;padding:28px 24px 40px;}
.studio-view-dashboard [data-studio-page="dashboard"], .studio-view-discover [data-studio-page="discover"], .studio-view-media [data-studio-page="media"], .studio-view-planner [data-studio-page="planner"], .studio-view-publish [data-studio-page="publish"], .studio-view-automation [data-studio-page="automation"], .studio-view-executions [data-studio-page="executions"], .studio-view-monetization [data-studio-page="monetization"], .studio-view-credentials [data-studio-page="credentials"], .studio-view-prompts [data-studio-page="prompts"], .studio-view-connections [data-studio-page="connections"], .studio-view-settings [data-studio-page="settings"]{display:block;}
.an-studio-mode .an-site-header{display:none;}
.an-studio-mode:not(.studio-view-compose):not(.studio-view-content) > .an-hero, .an-studio-mode:not(.studio-view-compose):not(.studio-view-content) > .an-category-nav, .an-studio-mode:not(.studio-view-compose):not(.studio-view-content) > .an-toolbar, .an-studio-mode:not(.studio-view-compose):not(.studio-view-content) > .an-main, .an-studio-mode > .an-site-footer{display:none;}
.an-studio-mode.studio-view-compose > .an-category-nav, .an-studio-mode.studio-view-compose > .an-toolbar, .an-studio-mode.studio-view-compose > .an-main{display:none;}
.an-studio-mode.studio-view-content > .an-hero{display:none;}
.an-studio-page-head{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-bottom:24px;}
.an-studio-page-head h2{font-size:28px;margin:0px 0px 5px;letter-spacing:-0.03em;}
.an-studio-page-head p{margin:0px;color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;max-width:720px;}
.an-studio-page-actions{display:flex;gap:7px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.an-studio-kpi-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:12px;margin-bottom:12px;}
.an-studio-kpi{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:14px;background:var(--studio-panel);padding:20px;}
.an-studio-kpi span{display:block;color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-kpi b{display:block;font-size:28px;margin-top:5px;}
.an-studio-kpi small{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:5px;}
.an-studio-grid2{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.3fr 1fr;gap:20px;}
.an-studio-grid3{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:16px;}
.an-studio-card{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--studio-panel);padding:20px;min-width:0px;}
.an-studio-card h3{font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 9px;}
.an-studio-card-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:9px;}
.an-studio-card-head h3{margin:0px;}
.an-studio-empty{border:1px dashed rgb(58, 68, 91);border-radius:11px;padding:24px;text-align:center;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-list{display:grid;gap:7px;}
.an-studio-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0px, 1fr) auto;gap:9px;align-items:center;border:1px solid rgb(41, 50, 71);border-radius:10px;background:var(--studio-panel2);padding:14px;}
.an-studio-row b{font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-row small{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:3px;line-height:1.5;}
.an-studio-row-actions{display:flex;gap:5px;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end;}
.an-studio-badge{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:25px;padding:3px 8px;border-radius:999px;background:rgba(108, 166, 255, 0.12);color:var(--studio-blue);font-size:14px;font-weight:900;}
.an-studio-badge.ok{background:rgba(66, 211, 146, 0.12);color:var(--studio-green);}
.an-studio-badge.warn{background:rgba(255, 203, 88, 0.12);color:var(--studio-yellow);}
.an-studio-badge.bad{background:rgba(255, 108, 124, 0.12);color:rgb(255, 152, 164);}
.an-studio-badge.purple{background:rgba(169, 139, 255, 0.12);color:var(--studio-purple);}
.an-studio-table-wrap{overflow:auto;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;}
.an-studio-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;min-width:760px;background:rgb(17, 23, 34);}
.an-studio-table th, .an-studio-table td{padding:12px;border-bottom:1px solid rgb(37, 46, 64);text-align:left;font-size:14px;vertical-align:middle;}
.an-studio-table th{position:sticky;top:0px;background:rgb(23, 29, 41);color:rgb(185, 195, 214);font-size:14px;z-index:2;}
.an-studio-table td{color:rgb(219, 226, 239);}
.an-studio-table tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0px;}
.an-studio-toolbar{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:10px;}
.an-studio-filter-group{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.an-studio-chip{height:38px;border:1px solid rgb(56, 66, 88);border-radius:999px;background:rgb(21, 27, 39);color:var(--studio-sub);padding:0px 9px;font-size:14px;font-weight:850;}
.an-studio-chip.active{background:rgb(40, 25, 20);color:rgb(255, 214, 201);border-color:rgb(117, 66, 47);}
.an-studio-candidate-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:9px;}
.an-studio-candidate{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:rgb(20, 26, 37);padding:12px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:150px;}
.an-studio-candidate h3{font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 8px;line-height:1.45;}
.an-studio-candidate p{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-sub);line-height:1.55;margin:0px 0px 10px;flex:1 1 0%;}
.an-studio-candidate-footer{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:7px;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-media-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:9px;}
.an-media-card{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:rgb(20, 26, 37);overflow:hidden;}
.an-media-preview{aspect-ratio:16 / 9;background:rgb(14, 19, 29);display:grid;place-items:center;color:var(--studio-muted);overflow:hidden;}
.an-media-preview img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;}
.an-media-body{padding:9px;}
.an-media-body b{display:block;font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}
.an-media-body small{color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;}
.an-planner-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(7, minmax(150px, 1fr));gap:7px;overflow:auto;padding-bottom:5px;}
.an-planner-day{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:11px;background:var(--studio-panel);min-height:340px;padding:9px;color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-planner-day h3{font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 8px;color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-planner-slot{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:9px;background:var(--studio-panel2);padding:8px;margin-bottom:6px;color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-planner-slot b{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-planner-slot small{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:3px;}
.an-studio-flow-shell{min-height:720px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(760px, 1fr) 360px;background:var(--studio-bg);border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:13px;overflow:hidden;}
.an-studio-canvas-wrap{position:relative;overflow:auto;background:radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075) 1px, transparent 1px) 0px 0px / 20px 20px;min-height:720px;}
.an-studio-canvas-toolbar{position:sticky;left:12px;top:12px;z-index:5;display:flex;gap:5px;width:max-content;}
.an-studio-canvas-toolbar button{width:31px;height:31px;border:1px solid rgb(56, 66, 88);border-radius:8px;background:rgb(23, 30, 42);color:rgb(203, 212, 229);}
.an-studio-canvas{position:relative;min-width:1450px;min-height:780px;transform-origin:0px 0px;}
.an-studio-links{position:absolute;inset:0px;pointer-events:none;}
.an-studio-link{fill:none;stroke:rgb(89, 100, 124);stroke-width:2.1;stroke-dasharray:6, 6;stroke-linecap:round;}
.an-studio-link.live{stroke:rgb(255, 138, 99);filter:drop-shadow(rgba(255, 111, 61, 0.18) 0px 0px 4px);}
.an-flow-node{position:absolute;width:184px;min-height:90px;border:1px solid rgb(49, 58, 80);border-radius:15px;background:linear-gradient(rgb(26, 32, 45), rgb(20, 26, 37));box-shadow:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) 0px 12px 28px;padding:12px;color:var(--studio-text);cursor:grab;transition:border-color 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;}
.an-flow-node:active{cursor:grabbing;}
.an-flow-node:hover{border-color:rgb(93, 105, 133);}
.an-flow-node.selected{border-color:rgb(255, 138, 99);box-shadow:rgba(255, 111, 61, 0.14) 0px 0px 0px 3px, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) 0px 12px 28px;}
.an-flow-node-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:7px;align-items:center;}
.an-flow-node-main{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;min-width:0px;}
.an-flow-icon{width:36px;height:36px;border:1px solid rgb(43, 52, 73);border-radius:9px;background:rgb(14, 20, 30);display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:12px;font-weight:950;flex:0 0 32px;flex-basis:36px;}
.an-flow-node b{display:block;font-size:13px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;}
.an-flow-node small{display:block;color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:11px;margin-top:2px;line-height:1.4;}
.an-flow-state{display:inline-flex;margin-top:8px;min-height:24px;align-items:center;padding:2px 7px;border-radius:999px;font-size:11px;font-weight:900;background:rgba(108, 166, 255, 0.12);color:var(--studio-blue);}
.an-flow-state.ok{background:rgba(66, 211, 146, 0.12);color:var(--studio-green);}
.an-flow-state.warn{background:rgba(255, 203, 88, 0.12);color:var(--studio-yellow);}
.an-flow-state.off{background:rgba(255, 108, 124, 0.11);color:rgb(255, 152, 164);}
.an-flow-state.purple{background:rgba(169, 139, 255, 0.12);color:var(--studio-purple);}
.an-flow-port{position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:11px;height:11px;border:2px solid rgb(104, 115, 142);border-radius:50%;background:var(--studio-bg);}
.an-flow-port.in{left:-6px;}
.an-flow-port.out{right:-6px;}
.an-studio-inspector{border-left:1px solid var(--studio-line);background:linear-gradient(rgb(16, 22, 32), rgb(12, 17, 25));padding:12px;overflow:auto;max-height:720px;}
.an-inspector-card{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:rgb(21, 27, 39);padding:13px;margin-bottom:9px;}
.an-inspector-card h3{font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 8px;}
.an-inspector-summary{display:flex;gap:9px;align-items:center;}
.an-inspector-icon{width:42px;height:42px;border:1px solid rgb(45, 54, 75);border-radius:11px;background:rgb(14, 20, 31);display:grid;place-items:center;font-weight:900;}
.an-inspector-summary b{display:block;font-size:14px;}
.an-inspector-summary small{display:block;color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:14px;margin-top:3px;line-height:1.45;}
.an-studio-field{margin-bottom:9px;}
.an-studio-field label{display:block;color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:14px;font-weight:850;margin-bottom:6px;}
.an-studio-input, .an-studio-select, .an-studio-textarea{width:100%;border:1px solid rgb(48, 57, 80);border-radius:8px;background:rgb(14, 20, 31);color:var(--studio-text);padding:0px 9px;}
.an-studio-input, .an-studio-select{height:38px;font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-textarea{min-height:120px;padding:9px;resize:vertical;line-height:1.55;font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-form-actions{display:flex;gap:6px;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.an-studio-mini{height:40px;border:1px solid rgb(56, 66, 88);border-radius:8px;background:rgb(27, 34, 48);color:rgb(219, 226, 239);padding:0 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:850;cursor:pointer;}
.an-studio-mini.primary{background:var(--studio-orange,#2563eb);border-color:var(--studio-orange,#2563eb);color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}
.an-studio-mini.danger{background:rgb(43, 23, 28);border-color:rgb(96, 50, 58);color:rgb(255, 156, 168);}
.an-studio-mini.ok{background:rgb(21, 48, 34);border-color:rgb(47, 104, 76);color:rgb(134, 239, 172);}
.an-manager-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:260px minmax(0px, 1fr);gap:10px;}
.an-manager-sidebar{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:rgb(18, 24, 35);padding:12px;align-self:start;}
.an-manager-main{min-width:0px;}
.an-manager-list{display:grid;gap:6px;max-height:560px;overflow:auto;}
.an-manager-item{border:1px solid rgb(45, 54, 75);border-radius:9px;background:rgb(21, 27, 39);padding:11px;cursor:pointer;}
.an-manager-item:hover, .an-manager-item.active{border-color:rgb(255, 138, 99);background:rgb(36, 24, 20);}
.an-manager-item b{font-size:14px;}
.an-manager-item small{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:3px;line-height:1.45;}
.an-key-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:9px;}
.an-key-item{border:1px solid rgb(45, 54, 75);border-radius:10px;background:rgb(17, 23, 34);padding:10px;}
.an-key-item label{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-sub);display:block;margin-bottom:6px;}
.an-key-item small{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);}
.an-current-setting{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:8px;background:rgba(108, 166, 255, 0.07);padding:8px;margin-bottom:8px;}
.an-current-setting-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;align-items:center;}
.an-current-setting-head span{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);}
.an-current-setting-head strong{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-text);word-break:break-all;text-align:right;}
.an-current-setting-source{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-sub);margin-top:4px;}
.an-credential-summary{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:10px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:10px;}
.an-credential-summary b{font-size:14px;}
.an-credential-summary small{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:4px;}
.an-system-prompt-card{margin-bottom:10px;}
.an-system-prompt-card textarea{min-height:340px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;}
.an-system-prompt-meta{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:7px;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;}
.an-connection-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px;}
.an-connection-card{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--studio-panel);padding:20px;min-width:0px;}
.an-connection-card h3{font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 5px;}
.an-connection-card p{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-sub);line-height:1.55;min-height:40px;}
.an-connection-card .an-studio-form-actions{justify-content:flex-start;}
.an-connection-meta{display:grid;gap:5px;margin:9px 0px;font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);}
.an-connection-meta strong{color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-connection-paths{display:flex;gap:6px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:8px;}
.an-connection-path{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:999px;padding:4px 7px;font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);}
.an-connection-path.ok{color:var(--studio-green);border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-green) 40%,var(--studio-line));}
.an-connection-path.bad{color:var(--studio-red);}
.an-studio-mode .an-hero{background:var(--studio-bg);color:var(--studio-text);padding:22px 18px 16px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-hero-inner{max-width:1440px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-kicker{color:var(--studio-orange);}
.an-studio-mode .an-desc{color:var(--studio-sub);}
.an-studio-mode .an-admin-panel{background:rgb(17, 23, 34);border-color:var(--studio-line);border-radius:13px;padding:13px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-admin-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(260px, 1fr) repeat(3, minmax(150px, 1fr));gap:8px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-publish-options{grid-column:1 / -1;grid-template-columns:repeat(4, minmax(0px, 1fr));}
.an-studio-mode .an-admin-grid > .an-btn{grid-column:auto;}
.an-studio-mode .an-input, .an-studio-mode .an-select, .an-studio-mode .an-textarea{background:rgb(14, 20, 31);color:var(--studio-text);border-color:rgb(48, 57, 80);}
.an-studio-mode .an-check{background:rgb(21, 28, 41);color:var(--studio-sub);border-color:rgb(48, 57, 80);border-radius:9px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-admin .an-btn{border:1px solid rgb(56, 66, 88);border-radius:9px;background:rgb(27, 34, 48);color:rgb(244, 246, 251);}
.an-studio-mode .an-admin .an-btn.success{background:rgb(23, 49, 36);color:rgb(134, 239, 172);border-color:rgb(45, 96, 70);}
.an-studio-mode .an-admin .an-btn.warning{background:rgb(52, 37, 20);color:rgb(252, 211, 77);border-color:rgb(102, 80, 42);}
.an-studio-mode .an-category-nav, .an-studio-mode .an-toolbar, .an-studio-mode .an-main{max-width:1440px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-category-nav a{background:rgb(21, 27, 39);color:var(--studio-sub);border-color:rgb(48, 57, 80);}
.an-studio-mode .an-category-nav a.active, .an-studio-mode .an-category-nav a:hover{background:rgb(40, 25, 20);color:rgb(255, 214, 201);border-color:rgb(117, 66, 47);}
.an-studio-mode .an-toolbar-box{background:rgb(17, 23, 34);border-color:var(--studio-line);box-shadow:none;}
.an-studio-mode .an-status{color:var(--studio-sub);}
.an-studio-mode .an-card{background:rgb(19, 25, 37);border-color:var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-card p, .an-studio-mode .an-meta{color:var(--studio-sub);}
.an-studio-mode .an-card-admin{background:rgb(16, 22, 32);border-color:var(--studio-line);}
.an-studio-mode .an-tag{background:rgb(28, 36, 50);color:rgb(195, 204, 221);}
.an-studio-mode .an-modal{align-items:stretch;justify-content:flex-end;padding:0px;background:rgba(2, 6, 13, 0.72);backdrop-filter:blur(3px);}
.an-studio-mode .an-panel{width:min(860px, 94vw);height:100vh;max-height:none;border-radius:0px;border-top:0px;border-right:0px;border-bottom:0px;border-image:none;border-left:1px solid var(--studio-line);background:rgb(16, 22, 32);color:var(--studio-text);box-shadow:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42) -24px 0px 60px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-panel-head{background:rgb(16, 22, 32);border-color:var(--studio-line);}
.an-studio-mode .an-panel-head h2{color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-studio-mode .an-close{background:rgb(27, 34, 48);color:rgb(220, 227, 241);border:1px solid rgb(53, 64, 87);}
.an-studio-card h3, .an-studio-card-head h3{font-size:16px;}
.an-key-item label, .an-key-item small{font-size:14px;}
.an-prompt-platform-btn{font-size:14px;}
.an-prompt-item-name{font-size:14px;}
.an-prompt-item-meta, .an-prompt-help{font-size:14px;}
.an-prompt-mini{font-size:14px;}
.an-prompt-editor textarea{font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-input, .an-studio-mode .an-select, .an-studio-mode .an-textarea, .an-studio-mode .an-btn, .an-studio-mode .an-check{font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-status, .an-studio-mode .an-meta{font-size:14px;}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"]{--studio-bg:#f6f8fb;--studio-panel:#ffffff;--studio-panel2:#f8fafc;--studio-line:#d8dee9;--studio-text:#172033;--studio-sub:#526078;--studio-muted:#76839a;--studio-orange:#e85d2f;--studio-green:#14875c;--studio-blue:#2563eb;--studio-yellow:#a16207;--studio-red:#c24155;--studio-purple:#6d5bd0;background:var(--studio-bg);color:var(--studio-text);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-rail{background:rgb(248, 250, 252);border-color:var(--studio-line);box-shadow:rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04) 8px 0px 24px;}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-nav-btn{color:rgb(86, 99, 122);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-nav-btn:hover{background:rgb(238, 242, 247);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-nav-btn.active{background:rgb(255, 240, 233);border-color:rgb(242, 176, 151);color:rgb(166, 61, 30);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-nav-sep{border-color:rgb(223, 228, 236);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-topbar{background:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);border-color:var(--studio-line);box-shadow:rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.035) 0px 4px 18px;}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-top-actions .an-btn, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-mini, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-chip{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(52, 64, 84);border-color:rgb(207, 214, 226);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-top-actions .an-btn.success, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-mini.ok{background:rgb(234, 248, 241);color:rgb(22, 101, 52);border-color:rgb(167, 217, 189);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-top-actions .an-btn.warning{background:rgb(255, 248, 231);color:rgb(146, 64, 14);border-color:rgb(234, 210, 154);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-top-actions .an-btn.primary, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-mini.primary{background:var(--studio-orange);color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-color:var(--studio-orange);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-mini.danger{background:rgb(255, 241, 242);color:rgb(190, 18, 60);border-color:rgb(254, 205, 211);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-kpi, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-card, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-candidate, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-media-card, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-manager-sidebar, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-manager-item, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-key-item, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-connection-card, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-inspector-card{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:var(--studio-text);border-color:var(--studio-line);box-shadow:rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.024) 0px 4px 14px;}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-manager-item:hover, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-manager-item.active{background:rgb(255, 244, 239);border-color:rgb(240, 161, 132);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-row{background:rgb(251, 252, 254);border-color:rgb(220, 226, 235);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-table{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-table th{background:rgb(244, 246, 249);color:rgb(71, 84, 103);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-table td{color:rgb(39, 52, 73);border-color:rgb(228, 232, 239);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-input, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-select, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-textarea{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(207, 214, 226);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-input::placeholder, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-textarea::placeholder{color:rgb(152, 162, 179);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-flow-shell{border-color:var(--studio-line);background:rgb(255, 255, 255);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-canvas-wrap{background-color:rgb(247, 249, 252);background-image:radial-gradient(circle, rgba(71, 84, 103, 0.17) 1px, transparent 1px);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-canvas-toolbar button{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(52, 64, 84);border-color:rgb(207, 214, 226);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-flow-node{background:linear-gradient(rgb(255, 255, 255), rgb(247, 249, 252));color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(209, 216, 228);box-shadow:rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08) 0px 10px 24px;}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-flow-icon{background:rgb(248, 250, 252);border-color:rgb(216, 222, 232);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-flow-port{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-color:rgb(137, 149, 168);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-inspector{background:rgb(247, 249, 252);border-color:var(--studio-line);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-studio-mode .an-admin-panel, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-admin-panel, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-toolbar-box, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-card, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-card-admin{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(216, 222, 233);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-input, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-select, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-textarea{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(207, 214, 226);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-check{background:rgb(248, 250, 252);color:rgb(82, 96, 120);border-color:rgb(216, 222, 233);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-category-nav a{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(82, 96, 120);border-color:rgb(216, 222, 233);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-category-nav a.active, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-category-nav a:hover{background:rgb(255, 240, 233);color:rgb(166, 61, 30);border-color:rgb(242, 176, 151);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-modal{background:rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.28);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-panel, .auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-panel-head{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(216, 222, 233);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-panel-head h2{color:rgb(23, 32, 51);}
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-close{background:rgb(248, 250, 252);color:rgb(52, 64, 84);border-color:rgb(207, 214, 226);}
.an-studio-nav-btn::before{content:attr(data-nav-icon);width:20px;display:inline-grid;place-items:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:900;opacity:0.9;}
.an-ops-dashboard-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.4fr) minmax(280px,1fr);gap:20px;margin-top:12px;}
.an-ops-schedule{display:grid;gap:0px;}
.an-ops-schedule-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:78px 1fr auto;gap:12px;align-items:center;padding:12px 4px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--studio-line);}
.an-ops-schedule-row:last-child{border-bottom:0px;}
.an-ops-time{font-weight:900;font-size:14px;}
.an-ops-channel{font-size:14px;font-weight:800;}
.an-ops-detail{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);margin-top:3px;}
.an-ops-error{border-left:3px solid var(--studio-red);padding-left:10px;}
.an-ops-action{margin-top:7px;}
.an-ops-server{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;font-size:14px;font-weight:850;}
.an-ops-server::before{content:"";width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--studio-muted);box-shadow:none;}
.studio-view-compose > .an-hero{padding:18px 24px 30px;background:var(--studio-bg);}
.studio-view-compose > .an-hero .an-kicker, .studio-view-compose > .an-hero .an-title, .studio-view-compose > .an-hero .an-desc{display:none;}
.studio-view-compose .an-hero-inner{max-width:1280px;margin:0px auto;}
.studio-view-compose .an-admin-panel{padding:0px;background:transparent;border:0px;}
.studio-view-compose .an-admin-grid{display:block;}
.an-compose-wizard{display:grid;gap:24px;}
.an-compose-step{background:var(--studio-panel);border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:16px;padding:24px;}
.an-compose-step-head{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;margin-bottom:20px;}
.an-compose-step-num{width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:9px;background:var(--studio-blue);color:white;display:grid;place-items:center;font-weight:950;font-size:14px;flex:0 0 auto;}
.an-compose-step h3{margin:0px;font-size:16px;}
.an-compose-step p{margin:4px 0px 0px;color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:14px;}
.an-compose-main-input{width:100%;font-weight:700;height:52px;font-size:16px;}
.an-content-type-row{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;}
.an-content-type{height:36px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:9px;background:var(--studio-panel2);color:var(--studio-sub);padding:0px 13px;font-weight:850;font-size:14px;}
.an-content-type.active{border-color:var(--studio-blue);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-blue) 12%,var(--studio-panel));color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-compose-simple-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:16px;}
.an-compose-simple-box label{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-sub);font-weight:850;margin-bottom:6px;}
.an-compose-info-pill{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:999px;padding:7px 10px;font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-sub);margin-top:10px;}
.an-compose-info-pill::before{content:"✓";color:var(--studio-green);font-weight:950;}
.an-compose-advanced{margin-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--studio-line);padding-top:10px;}
.an-compose-advanced summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:14px;font-weight:900;color:var(--studio-sub);user-select:none;}
.an-compose-advanced-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:9px;margin-top:11px;}
.an-compose-advanced-grid > *{min-width:0px;}
.studio-view-compose .an-publish-options{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:9px;margin:0px;}
.studio-view-compose .an-publish-options .an-check{position:relative;min-height:76px;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;flex-direction:row;gap:12px;text-align:left;cursor:pointer;display:flex;padding:16px 38px 16px 16px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:13px;background:var(--studio-panel2);color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:14px;font-weight:850;}
.studio-view-compose .an-publish-options .an-check input{position:absolute;top:9px;right:9px;width:17px;height:17px;accent-color:var(--studio-blue);}
.studio-view-compose .an-publish-options .an-check:has(input:checked){box-shadow:0 0 0 1px color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-blue) 35%,transparent);border-color:var(--studio-blue);background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-blue) 10%,var(--studio-panel));color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-platform-icon{display:grid;place-items:center;width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:10px;background:var(--studio-bg);border:1px solid var(--studio-line);font-size:14px;font-weight:950;color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-homepage-platform-card{min-height:76px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;flex-direction:row;gap:12px;text-align:center;padding:16px;border:1px solid var(--studio-blue);border-radius:13px;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-blue) 10%,var(--studio-panel));font-size:14px;font-weight:850;color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-homepage-platform-card small{color:var(--studio-green);font-size:14px;font-weight:900;}
.an-compose-channel-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;}
.an-buffer-accounts{margin:16px 0;padding:16px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line,#dbe3ef);border-radius:13px;font-size:14px;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.an-buffer-accounts h3{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:16px;}
.an-buffer-accounts p{margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--studio-sub);line-height:1.6;}
.an-buffer-account{padding:12px;margin:8px 0;border:1px solid var(--studio-line,#dbe3ef);border-radius:10px;}
.an-buffer-account-head,.an-buffer-account-channels{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.an-buffer-account-head{justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:10px;}
.an-buffer-account-channels label{display:flex;gap:6px;align-items:center;min-height:34px;padding:5px 8px;background:var(--studio-panel2);border-radius:7px;}
.an-buffer-account-channels label:has(input:disabled){color:var(--studio-sub);}
.an-buffer-account-actions{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:10px;}

.an-compose-channel-grid .an-publish-options{display:contents;}
.studio-view-compose #anKeywordGenerateBtn{width:100%;min-height:52px;font-size:16px;font-weight:950;border-radius:12px;margin-top:0;background:var(--studio-blue);border-color:var(--studio-blue);color:rgb(255, 255, 255);}
.studio-view-compose #anCoupangAutoCodeCheck{accent-color:var(--studio-blue);}
.an-channel-profile-toolbar{display:flex;gap:7px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-bottom:12px;}
.an-channel-profile-card{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--studio-panel);padding:13px 14px;}
.an-channel-profile-card b{font-size:14px;}
.an-channel-profile-card small{display:block;margin-top:4px;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;}
.an-channel-profile-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:9px;margin-top:12px;}
.an-credential-help{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);background:var(--studio-panel2);border-radius:10px;padding:10px 11px;color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;margin-bottom:10px;}
.an-settings-shortcuts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin-bottom:24px;}
.an-settings-shortcut{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);background:var(--studio-panel);border-radius:12px;padding:20px;cursor:pointer;text-align:left;}
.an-settings-shortcut b{display:block;font-size:14px;}
.an-settings-shortcut small{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:4px;}
.an-delivery-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:9px;margin:12px 0px;}
.an-delivery-card{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--studio-panel);padding:13px;}
.an-delivery-card-head{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;margin-bottom:9px;}
.an-delivery-card h3{margin:0px;font-size:16px;}
.an-delivery-card p{margin:4px 0px 0px;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;}
.an-delivery-card .an-studio-select{margin-top:7px;}
.an-delivery-note{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);margin-top:7px;line-height:1.45;}
.an-delivery-ready{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:24px;border-radius:999px;padding:2px 8px;font-size:14px;font-weight:900;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-green) 12%,transparent);color:var(--studio-green);}
.an-delivery-ready.warn{background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-yellow) 12%,transparent);color:var(--studio-yellow);}
.an-delivery-account-list{display:grid;gap:7px;margin-top:9px;}
.an-delivery-account{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0px, 1fr) minmax(210px, 280px);gap:8px;align-items:center;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:10px;background:var(--studio-panel2);padding:9px;}
.an-delivery-account b{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-delivery-account small{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:3px;}
.an-delivery-account .an-studio-select{margin:0px;}
.an-delivery-account.active{border-color:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-blue) 45%,var(--studio-line));}
.an-automation-timeline{display:grid;gap:0px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:14px;background:var(--studio-panel);padding:8px 15px;margin-bottom:12px;}
.an-auto-line{display:grid;grid-template-columns:80px 26px 1fr auto;align-items:center;min-height:54px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--studio-line);font-size:14px;}
.an-auto-line:last-child{border-bottom:0px;}
.an-auto-line-time{font-weight:950;}
.an-auto-line-dot{width:10px;height:10px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--studio-blue);position:relative;}
.an-auto-line-dot::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:4px;top:10px;width:2px;height:44px;background:var(--studio-line);}
.an-auto-line:last-child .an-auto-line-dot::after{display:none;}
.an-auto-line b{font-size:14px;}
.an-auto-line small{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:3px;}
.an-auto-advanced{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:14px;background:var(--studio-panel);overflow:hidden;}
.an-auto-advanced > summary{padding:14px 16px;cursor:pointer;font-weight:900;font-size:14px;}
.an-auto-advanced .an-studio-flow-shell{border-right:0px;border-bottom:0px;border-left:0px;border-image:none;border-top:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:0px;}
.an-team-monitor{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:16px;background:var(--studio-panel);padding:24px;margin-bottom:20px;font-size:14px;}
.an-team-monitor-head{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;margin-bottom:22px;}
.an-team-monitor-head h3{font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 6px;}
.an-team-monitor-head p{margin:0px;color:var(--studio-muted);}
.an-team-monitor-head > div:last-child{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.an-team-algorithm{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(130px,.5fr) minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);grid-template-areas:"goal recruit plan" "outcome evaluate execute";gap:36px 30px;position:relative;}
.an-team-node{border:1px dashed var(--studio-muted);border-radius:12px;padding:16px;position:relative;min-width:0px;}
.an-team-node h4{font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 10px;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;}
.an-team-node p{margin:6px 0px;line-height:1.6;}
.an-team-node small{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);line-height:1.6;}
.an-team-goal{grid-area:goal;align-self:center;border-style:solid;}
.an-team-recruit{grid-area:recruit;background:rgba(231, 128, 106, 0.1);}
.an-team-plan{grid-area:plan;background:rgba(226, 195, 56, 0.1);}
.an-team-execute{grid-area:execute;background:rgba(204, 158, 91, 0.1);}
.an-team-evaluate{grid-area:evaluate;background:rgba(109, 171, 123, 0.1);}
.an-team-outcome{grid-area:outcome;align-self:center;border-style:solid;}
.an-team-goal::after, .an-team-recruit::after, .an-team-plan::after, .an-team-execute::after, .an-team-evaluate::after{position:absolute;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;color:var(--studio-sub);line-height:1;pointer-events:none;}
.an-team-goal::after, .an-team-recruit::after{content:"→";right:-28px;top:calc(50% - 13px);}
.an-team-plan::after{content:"↓";bottom:-33px;left:calc(50% - 13px);}
.an-team-execute::after, .an-team-evaluate::after{content:"←";left:-28px;top:calc(50% - 13px);}
.an-team-roster{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;}
.an-team-person{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:8px;padding:10px;background:var(--studio-panel);font-size:14px;}
.an-team-person span{display:block;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;margin-top:3px;}
.an-team-task{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:8px;background:var(--studio-panel);margin-top:8px;padding:10px;}
.an-team-task summary{cursor:pointer;display:flex;gap:8px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;list-style:none;}
.an-team-task summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none;}
.an-team-task b{font-size:14px;}
.an-team-status{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:20px;padding:3px 8px;font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap;}
.an-team-status[data-tone="success"]{color:var(--studio-green);background:rgba(54, 165, 85, 0.12);}
.an-team-status[data-tone="running"]{color:var(--studio-blue);background:rgba(55, 128, 215, 0.12);}
.an-team-status[data-tone="warning"]{color:var(--studio-yellow);background:rgba(220, 160, 45, 0.12);}
.an-team-status[data-tone="error"]{color:var(--studio-red);background:rgba(204, 65, 65, 0.12);}
.an-team-feedback{margin-top:18px;padding:12px;border:1px dashed var(--studio-muted);border-radius:10px;line-height:1.6;}
.an-team-feedback small{display:block;margin-top:6px;color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;}
.an-team-rounds{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px;}
.an-team-rounds span{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:8px;padding:7px 10px;}
.an-team-error{color:var(--studio-red);overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.an-team-node strong{overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.an-google-manual-accounts{grid-column:1/-1;min-width:0;}
.an-google-manual-accounts fieldset{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line,#d8dee8);border-radius:8px;padding:12px;margin:8px 0;}
.an-google-manual-accounts .an-check{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;}
.an-youtube-setup{border:1px solid var(--studio-line,var(--an-line,#d8dee8));border-radius:12px;padding:18px;background:var(--studio-panel,#fff);font-size:14px;margin:12px 0px;}
.an-youtube-setup h3{font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 8px;}
.an-youtube-setup p{line-height:1.6;margin:8px 0px;}
.an-youtube-main-actions:not([hidden]){display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:14px 0px;}
.an-youtube-main-actions label:not([hidden]){display:inline-flex;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;margin:0px;}
.an-youtube-setup a[aria-disabled="true"]{pointer-events:none;opacity:0.5;}
.an-youtube-details{border-top:1px solid var(--studio-line,var(--an-line,#d8dee8));padding:12px 0px;margin-top:8px;}
.an-youtube-details summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:14px;}
.an-youtube-details label:not([hidden]), .an-youtube-details small{display:block;margin:10px 0px;line-height:1.6;}
.an-youtube-details small{font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted,#667085);}
.an-youtube-details input, .an-youtube-details select{display:block;width:100%;min-width:0px;margin:6px 0px;box-sizing:border-box;}
.an-youtube-details ol{padding-left:20px;line-height:1.8;}
.an-youtube-options{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(180px, 100%), 1fr));gap:10px;}
.an-youtube-setup [role="status"]{overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.an-youtube-address{padding:12px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line,var(--an-line,#d8dee8));border-radius:8px;margin:12px 0px;background:var(--studio-panel2,#f8fafc);}
.an-youtube-address-row{display:flex;gap:8px;margin:8px 0px;}
.an-youtube-address-row input{flex:1 1 0%;min-width:0px;box-sizing:border-box;}
.an-youtube-address-row button{flex:0 0 auto;}
.an-youtube-address small{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;}
.an-youtube-address-check{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:12px 0px 0px;}
.an-youtube-address-check input{width:16px;height:16px;margin:0px;}
.an-youtube-address p{font-size:14px;}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer{display:none;align-items:stretch;justify-content:flex-end;background:rgba(2, 6, 13, 0.72);backdrop-filter:blur(3px);overflow:hidden;position:fixed;inset:0px;z-index:2147482000;padding:0px;}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer.open{display:flex;}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer .an-panel{background:rgb(16, 22, 32);color:rgb(243, 245, 251);box-shadow:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42) -24px 0px 60px;overscroll-behavior:contain;padding-bottom:max(18px,env(safe-area-inset-bottom));width:min(900px, 96vw);height:100dvh;max-height:100dvh;min-height:0px;margin:0px;border-radius:0px;border-width:0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style:none none none solid;border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentcolor rgb(45, 53, 72);border-image:none;}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer .an-panel:not(.an-scheduler-panel){overflow:hidden auto;}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer .an-panel-head{position:sticky;top:0px;z-index:20;background:rgb(16, 22, 32);color:rgb(243, 245, 251);border-color:rgb(45, 53, 72);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer .an-panel-head h2{color:rgb(243, 245, 251);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer .an-close{background:rgb(27, 34, 48);color:rgb(220, 227, 241);border:1px solid rgb(53, 64, 87);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer .an-scheduler-body{padding:16px 16px 42px;}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-scheduler-head, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-scheduler-gpt-section{background:rgb(21, 28, 40);color:rgb(243, 245, 251);border-color:rgb(48, 57, 77);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-scheduler-gpt-card{background:rgb(16, 22, 32);color:rgb(243, 245, 251);border-color:rgb(48, 57, 77);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-scheduler-gpt-card strong, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-scheduler-gpt-title{color:rgb(243, 245, 251);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-scheduler-gpt-meta, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-scheduler-gpt-card small, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-scheduler-note, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-coupang-manager-meta{color:rgb(170, 180, 200);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-input, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-select, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer:not([data-studio-theme="light"]) .an-textarea{background:rgb(13, 19, 29);color:rgb(243, 245, 251);border-color:rgb(53, 64, 87);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"]{background:rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.28);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-panel, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-panel-head{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(216, 222, 233);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-panel-head h2{color:rgb(23, 32, 51);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-close{background:rgb(248, 250, 252);color:rgb(52, 64, 84);border-color:rgb(207, 214, 226);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-scheduler-head, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-scheduler-gpt-section{background:rgb(248, 250, 252);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(216, 222, 233);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-scheduler-gpt-card{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(216, 222, 233);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-scheduler-gpt-card strong, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-scheduler-gpt-title{color:rgb(23, 32, 51);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-scheduler-gpt-meta, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-scheduler-gpt-card small, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-scheduler-note, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-coupang-manager-meta{color:rgb(102, 112, 133);}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-input, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-select, .an-modal.an-studio-drawer[data-studio-theme="light"] .an-textarea{background:rgb(255, 255, 255);color:rgb(23, 32, 51);border-color:rgb(207, 214, 226);}
.studio-view-content .an-category-nav{display:none;}
.studio-view-content .an-toolbar{max-width:1460px;margin:0px auto;padding:18px 24px 0px;background:transparent;}
.studio-view-content .an-toolbar-box{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);background:var(--studio-panel);border-radius:12px;padding:10px;box-shadow:none;}
.studio-view-content .an-main{max-width:1460px;margin:0px auto;padding:12px 24px 42px;}
.studio-view-content .an-status{font-size:14px;margin:0px 0px 9px;}
.an-content-table-head{display:grid;grid-template-columns:76px minmax(0px, 1fr) 180px;gap:12px;padding:9px 12px;border-top-color:;border-top-style:;border-top-width:;border-right-color:;border-right-style:;border-right-width:;border-left-color:;border-left-style:;border-left-width:;border-image-source:;border-image-slice:;border-image-width:;border-image-outset:;border-image-repeat:;border-bottom:0px;border-radius:12px 12px 0px 0px;background:var(--studio-panel2);color:var(--studio-muted);font-size:14px;font-weight:900;}
.studio-view-content .an-grid{display:grid;gap:0px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:0px 0px 12px 12px;overflow:visible;background:var(--studio-panel);}
.studio-view-content .an-card, .studio-view-content .an-card.has-admin-actions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:76px minmax(0px, 1fr) 180px;min-height:94px;border-top:0px;border-right:0px;border-left:0px;border-image:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:0px;background:var(--studio-panel);overflow:visible;}
.studio-view-content .an-card:last-child{border-bottom:0px;}
.studio-view-content .an-thumb{width:56px;height:56px;min-height:56px;margin:18px 10px;border-radius:10px;padding:0px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);background:var(--studio-panel2);}
.studio-view-content .an-thumb::after{display:none;}
.studio-view-content .an-thumb .an-thumb-label{padding:5px;display:flex;}
.studio-view-content .an-thumb .an-thumb-label strong{display:none;}
.studio-view-content .an-thumb small{font-size:14px;padding:3px 5px;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-text) 10%,transparent);color:var(--studio-text);max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;}
.studio-view-content .an-thumb-img{border-radius:9px;}
.studio-view-content .an-body{padding:14px 10px;gap:5px;justify-content:center;}
.studio-view-content .an-card h2{font-size:28px;line-height:1.4;}
.studio-view-content .an-card p{display:none;}
.studio-view-content .an-meta{margin:0px;font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);}
.studio-view-content .an-tag{display:none;}
.studio-view-content .an-card-admin{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;padding:14px 12px;border-left:1px solid var(--studio-line);position:relative;}
.studio-view-content .an-card-admin-toggle{width:100%;min-height:34px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:8px;background:var(--studio-panel2);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-sub);}
.studio-view-content .an-card-admin-toggle-text::before{content:attr(data-label-studio);}
.studio-view-content .an-card-admin[open] .an-card-actions{position:absolute;right:12px;top:64px;z-index:30;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0px, 1fr);align-content:start;gap:8px;width:320px;max-width:calc(-32px + 100vw);max-height:min(70vh, 560px);overflow:hidden auto;overscroll-behavior:contain;scrollbar-gutter:stable;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:11px;background:var(--studio-panel);padding:10px;box-shadow:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22) 0px 14px 36px;}
.studio-view-content .an-card-admin[open] .an-card-actions .an-btn{box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex:0 0 auto;width:100%;height:auto;min-height:36px;margin:0px;padding:7px 10px;line-height:1.35;white-space:normal;text-align:center;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.studio-view-content .an-card-admin[open] .an-card-actions > a.an-btn{flex-shrink:0;}
.an-log-error{border-left:3px solid var(--studio-red);}
.an-log-warning{border-left:3px solid var(--studio-yellow);}
.an-log-running{border-left:3px solid var(--studio-blue);}
.an-execution-action{margin-top:6px;display:flex;gap:5px;}
.an-compose-search-toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;margin-left:8px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:999px;padding:7px 10px;font-size:14px;font-weight:850;color:var(--studio-sub);background:var(--studio-panel2);}
.an-compose-search-toggle input{accent-color:var(--studio-blue);}
.an-credential-guide{border:1px solid var(--studio-line);background:var(--studio-card);}
.an-credential-guide h3{margin:0px 0px 10px;font-size:16px;}
.an-guide-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0px, 1fr));gap:10px;}
.an-guide-grid > div{padding:11px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--studio-soft);}
.an-guide-grid b{display:block;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:5px;}
.an-guide-grid small{display:block;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--studio-muted);}
.an-studio-input{height:44px;}
.an-studio-select{height:44px;}
.an-compose-simple-box{min-width:0;}
.an-compose-simple-box select{width:100%;margin-bottom:8px;}
.studio-view-compose .an-hero{background:var(--studio-bg);color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-studio-mode .an-direct-link-note,.an-studio-mode .an-direct-link-field{color:var(--studio-sub);font-size:14px;}
.an-compose-optional{padding:16px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;margin-top:16px;background:var(--studio-panel);}
.an-compose-optional summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;color:var(--studio-text);}
.an-compose-optional .an-direct-links{margin-top:14px;}
.an-ops-server[data-state="ok"]::before{background:var(--studio-green);}
.an-ops-server[data-state="error"]::before{background:var(--studio-red);}
.an-workflow-guide{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;margin:0 0 24px;}
.an-workflow-guide button{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:18px;border:1px solid var(--studio-line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--studio-panel);color:var(--studio-text);text-align:left;cursor:pointer;min-width:0;}
.an-workflow-guide strong{display:grid;place-items:center;width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;flex:0 0 32px;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--studio-blue) 14%,transparent);color:var(--studio-blue);}
.an-workflow-guide b{display:block;font-size:16px;}
.an-workflow-guide small{display:block;font-size:14px;color:var(--studio-muted);margin-top:4px;}
.an-studio-mode button:focus-visible,.an-studio-mode a:focus-visible,.an-studio-mode input:focus-visible,.an-studio-mode select:focus-visible,.an-studio-drawer button:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--studio-blue,#3972e8);outline-offset:3px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-btn{min-height:40px;font-size:14px;}
.an-scheduler-section{border:1px solid var(--studio-line,var(--an-line));border-radius:12px;padding:18px;margin:16px 0;}
.an-scheduler-section>summary{font-size:16px;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;line-height:1.6;}
.an-scheduler-section>summary small{display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:var(--studio-muted,#667085);}
.an-scheduler-channel-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px;margin-top:16px;}
.an-scheduler-channel-grid .an-scheduler-head:not([hidden]){display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;margin:0;padding:14px;gap:10px;}
.an-scheduler-channel-grid .an-scheduler-switch{font-size:14px;}
@media (max-width: 1180px){
.an-studio-kpi-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0px, 1fr));}
.an-studio-grid2{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-studio-media-grid, .an-studio-candidate-grid, .an-connection-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0px, 1fr));}
.an-studio-flow-shell{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-studio-inspector{max-height:none;border-left:0px;border-top:1px solid var(--studio-line);}
.an-manager-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-manager-sidebar{position:static;}
}
@media (max-width: 1100px){
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode{}
.an-studio-nav-btn span{font-size:14px;}
.an-compose-simple-grid, .an-compose-advanced-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}
.studio-view-compose .an-publish-options, .an-compose-channel-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3, minmax(0px, 1fr));}
.an-ops-dashboard-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-channel-profile-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
}
@media (max-width: 900px){
.an-team-monitor-head{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;}
.an-team-algorithm{grid-template-columns:minmax(0px, 1fr);grid-template-areas:"goal" "recruit" "plan" "execute" "evaluate" "outcome";gap:30px;}
.an-team-goal, .an-team-outcome{align-self:stretch;}
.an-team-goal::after, .an-team-recruit::after, .an-team-plan::after, .an-team-execute::after, .an-team-evaluate::after{content:"↓";inset:auto auto -28px calc(50% - 13px);}
.an-guide-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
}
@media (max-width: 760px){
.auto-news-wrap.an-studio-mode{padding-left:0px;padding-top:64px;--studio-rail-width:0px;}
.an-studio-rail{top:var(--studio-rail-top,0px);right:auto;width:var(--studio-mobile-width,100vw);height:64px;bottom:auto;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-start;padding:8px;overflow:auto hidden;left:var(--studio-rail-left,0px);align-items:center;}
.an-studio-logo{width:38px;height:38px;margin:0px 5px 0px 0px;}
.an-studio-nav-btn{width:auto;min-width:auto;height:46px;min-height:46px;justify-content:center;padding:8px 12px;}
.an-studio-nav-sep{height:30px;width:1px;border-top:0px;border-left:1px solid rgb(37, 44, 60);}
.an-studio-topbar{top:0px;padding:16px;}
.an-studio-page{padding:20px 14px;}
.an-studio-kpi-grid, .an-studio-media-grid, .an-studio-candidate-grid, .an-connection-grid, .an-key-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-studio-page-head{display:block;}
.an-studio-page-actions{margin-top:8px;}
.an-studio-mode .an-admin-grid, .an-studio-mode .an-publish-options{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-studio-mode .an-panel{width:100vw;}
.an-studio-canvas{min-width:1300px;}
.an-planner-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(7, 150px);}
.an-studio-nav-btn span{font-size:14px;}
.an-studio-page-head h2{font-size:28px;}
.an-studio-nav-btn::before{display:none;}
.an-compose-simple-grid, .an-compose-advanced-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.studio-view-compose .an-publish-options, .an-compose-channel-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0px, 1fr));}
.an-studio-kpi-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}
.an-settings-shortcuts, .an-delivery-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-modal.an-studio-drawer .an-panel{width:100vw;}
.an-content-table-head{display:none;}
.studio-view-content .an-card, .studio-view-content .an-card.has-admin-actions{grid-template-columns:64px minmax(0px, 1fr);}
.studio-view-content .an-card-admin{grid-column:1 / -1;border-left:0px;border-top:1px solid var(--studio-line);padding:8px 12px;}
.studio-view-content .an-card-admin[open] .an-card-actions{position:fixed;inset:auto 16px 16px;width:auto;max-width:none;max-height:min(72vh, 620px);z-index:120;}
.studio-view-content .an-thumb{width:48px;height:48px;min-height:48px;margin:15px 8px;}
.an-workflow-guide{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}
.an-compose-channel-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-compose-step{padding:18px;}
.an-settings-shortcuts{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
.an-scheduler-channel-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
}
</style>

  
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  <section class="an-toolbar"><div class="an-toolbar-box"><input id="anSearch" class="an-input an-search-wide" type="search" placeholder="Search Titles and Content"><select id="anPlatformFilter" class="an-select"><option value="">All Platforms</option><option value="naver">Naver</option><option value="tistory">Tistory</option><option value="blogspot">Blogspot</option><option value="youtube">YouTube</option><option value="website">Home</option><option value="community">Community</option><option value="instagram">Instagram</option><option value="tiktok">TikTok</option><option value="threads">Threads</option><option value="facebook">Facebook</option><option value="x">X</option><option value="sns">SNS Integration (Legacy)</option><option value="all">Posts Across All Platforms</option></select><select id="anStatus" class="an-select"><option value="published">Public Content</option></select><select id="anPageSize" class="an-select"><option value="5">5 items</option><option value="10" selected>10 items</option><option value="20">20 items</option></select><button id="anSearchBtn" class="an-btn" type="button">Search</button></div></section>
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      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="826">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def672a_s1080.jpg" alt="Informational thumbnail highlighting the key points of how to identify support and resistance levels, from previous highs and lows to role reversals" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: A Step-by-Step Guide from Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals</strong></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/지지선저항선-찾는-법-전고점전저점부터-역할-전환까지-보는-순서-24cf78df?lang=en"><h2>How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: A Step-by-Step Guide from Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals</h2><p>When identifying support and resistance levels, the key is to first locate price zones where prices have repeatedly stalled or reversed direction, rather than drawing lines at every high and low on a chart. Start by identifying previous lows and highs, mark the major zones closest to the current price, and then check whether their roles reverse after a breakout. Support and resistance levels are not tools for predicting future prices with absolute accuracy.</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/국내주식증시?lang=en">Korean stocks and markets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 94</span><span>Views 49</span><span>2026-09-26 14:49:20</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 86</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 92</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
          <div><span class="an-tag">#Support Levels</span><span class="an-tag">#Resistance Levels</span><span class="an-tag">#Previous Highs</span><span class="an-tag">#Previous Lows</span><span class="an-tag">#Role Reversal</span></div>
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      </article>
      
      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="825">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p825_b80a4d5bf24130882cb6_s1080.jpg" alt="Informational thumbnail highlighting the key points of how to read uptrends and downtrends using Ichimoku Cloud, volume, and RSI by separating direction, strength, and overbought conditions" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: Separating Direction, Strength, and Overbought Conditions</strong></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/일목균형표거래량rsi로-상승-하락을-읽는-법-방향힘과열을-따로-보면-쉽다-c013235e?lang=en"><h2>How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: Separating Direction, Strength, and Overbought Conditions</h2><p>When using Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI together, you should not ask all three indicators the same question. It is easier to understand the chart by checking the trend direction with Ichimoku Cloud, whether trading participation supports price movements with volume, and which way bullish or bearish momentum is leaning with RSI, in that order. As of 2026-09-26, these three indicators are still not tools that can predict future prices with certainty.</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/해외경제미국주식?lang=en">Global economy and US stocks</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 94</span><span>Views 32</span><span>2026-09-26 14:17:18</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 86</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 92</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
          <div><span class="an-tag">#Ichimoku Cloud</span><span class="an-tag">#Trading Volume</span><span class="an-tag">#RSI</span><span class="an-tag">#Uptrend</span><span class="an-tag">#Downtrend</span></div>
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      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="824">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p824_c7376e38355aa399c470_s1080.jpg" alt="Informational thumbnail explaining 4 key points to check before a golden cross when analyzing moving averages" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross</strong></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/이동평균선-분석기법-골든크로스보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-cc9f8af0?lang=en"><h2>Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross</h2><p>A moving average is a trend indicator that smooths price movements by averaging prices over a specified period. Rather than looking only for a golden cross, a more accurate way to interpret what moving averages actually show is to examine them in this order: price position → moving average slope → relationship between short-term and long-term averages → confirmation from other price and trading information. Because moving averages are calculated from historical prices, they lag behind current price movements.</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/국내주식증시?lang=en">Korean stocks and markets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 90</span><span>Views 49</span><span>2026-09-26 13:48:19</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 86</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 92</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
          <div><span class="an-tag">#Moving Averages</span><span class="an-tag">#Analysis Techniques</span><span class="an-tag">#Golden Cross</span><span class="an-tag">#Things to Check</span><span class="an-tag">#Four Key Points</span></div>
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      </article>
      
      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="823">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p823_e7e776b807235802d97c_s1080.jpg" alt="Informational thumbnail summarizing how to interpret uptrends and downtrends using Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI, and what to look for when all three indicators point in the same direction" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction</strong></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/일목균형표거래량rsi로-상승-하락을-읽는-법-세-지표가-같은-방향일-때-봐야-할-것-cea247be?lang=en"><h2>How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction</h2><p>Using Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI together allows you to assess the direction of the current trend, the strength behind price movements, and momentum conditions from different perspectives. However, even when all three indicators point upward, that does not guarantee that prices will rise next. Technical indicators are not predictors that guarantee future prices, but tools for interpreting price and trading data accumulated so far</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/국내주식증시?lang=en">Korean stocks and markets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 94</span><span>Views 40</span><span>2026-09-26 13:05:40</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 86</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 92</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
          <div><span class="an-tag">#Ichimoku Cloud</span><span class="an-tag">#Trading Volume</span><span class="an-tag">#RSI</span><span class="an-tag">#Uptrend</span><span class="an-tag">#Downtrend</span></div>
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      </article>
      
      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="822">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p822_6a49958c2ccec343d21a_s1080.jpg" alt="How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: Informational thumbnail highlighting 5 key things to check before focusing on the cloud" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud</strong></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/일목균형표-보는-방법-구름대보다-먼저-봐야-할-5가지-c227d1d1?lang=en"><h2>How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud</h2><p>The Ichimoku Cloud is much easier to understand when you examine it in this order: whether the current price is above or below the cloud → the positions of the Conversion Line and Base Line → the direction of the Base Line → the Lagging Span → the leading cloud. The default settings are 9 periods for the Conversion Line, 26 periods for the Base Line, and 52 periods for Leading Span 2. The Leading Spans are plotted 26 periods ahead, while the Lagging Span plots the current closing price 26 periods in the past. When first looking at a chart</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/국내주식증시?lang=en">Korean stocks and markets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 85</span><span>Views 55</span><span>2026-09-26 12:26:19</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 80</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 82</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 80</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 80</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
          <div><span class="an-tag">#Ichimoku Cloud</span><span class="an-tag">#How-To Guide</span><span class="an-tag">#Cloud</span><span class="an-tag">#Things to Check</span><span class="an-tag">#5 Key Points</span></div>
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      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="819">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b76b9_s1080.jpg" alt="How to Read Candlestick Charts: Key Concepts for Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational Thumbnail" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles</strong></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/캔들-보는-방법-양봉음봉보다-먼저-시가종가꼬리를-읽는-순서-2bd42cbc?lang=en"><h2>How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles</h2><p>A single candlestick is a price record that shows the open, high, low, and close (OHLC) for a specified period. Rather than memorizing colors first, beginners can read candles more accurately by identifying where the price started, how far it moved, and where it finished. The colors used for bullish and bearish candles may vary depending on chart settings. To read candlesticks, start by distinguishing the open, close, high, and low.</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/국내주식증시?lang=en">Korean stocks and markets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 92</span><span>Views 40</span><span>2026-09-26 10:32:19</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 86</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 92</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
          <div><span class="an-tag">#Candlesticks</span><span class="an-tag">#How-To Guide</span><span class="an-tag">#Bullish Candles</span><span class="an-tag">#Bearish Candles</span><span class="an-tag">#Candlestick Wicks</span></div>
        </div>
        
      </article>
      
      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="794">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e4817f77_s1080.jpg" alt="How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Trading Volume and Check in 5 Steps" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps</strong></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/주식코인-매집봉-구별법-거래량만-보지-말고-5단계로-확인-ee9a37ed?lang=en"><h2>How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps</h2><p>An accumulation candle cannot be confirmed based on a single long upper wick or a sudden surge in trading volume. As of 2026-09-24, a more reasonable approach is to examine where the candle appears on the price chart, its volume relative to normal levels, where the closing price falls within the candle's range, whether the price holds afterward, and the direction of volume indicators such as OBV and A/D. In particular, avoid assuming that someone has been accumulating simply because trading volume surged.</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/비트코인가상자산?lang=en">Bitcoin and digital assets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 94</span><span>Views 41</span><span>2026-09-24 13:12:03</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 86</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 92</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
          <div><span class="an-tag">#Stocks</span><span class="an-tag">#Cryptocurrency</span><span class="an-tag">#Accumulation Candles</span><span class="an-tag">#Identification Methods</span><span class="an-tag">#Trading Volume</span></div>
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      </article>
      
      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="793">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b89fe6_s1080.jpg" alt="추석 연휴 국내 증시 휴장 때 해외주식은 왜 움직일까? 3일 공백에서 확인할 변수" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>미국증시</strong></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/추석-연휴-국내-증시-휴장-때-해외주식은-왜-움직일까-3일-공백에서-확인할-변수-a09bf8ea?lang=ko"><h2>추석 연휴 국내 증시 휴장 때 해외주식은 왜 움직일까? 3일 공백에서 확인할 변수</h2><p>국내 증시가 쉬는 추석 연휴 기간에도 미국 등 해외 증시는 거래가 이어질 수 있어 국내 투자자는 환율, 해외 지수, 주요 뉴스 변화를 따로 확인해야 합니다. 국내 시장이 닫혀 있는 동안 발생한 해외 변수는 연휴 이후 첫 거래일 주가에 반영될 수 있습니다. 국내 주식 가격은 한국거래소 거래일 기준으로 움직이기 때문에 국내 </p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/국내주식증시">Korean stocks and markets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 94</span><span>Views 43</span><span>2026-09-24 07:00:54</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 86</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 92</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
          <div><span class="an-tag">#미국증시</span><span class="an-tag">#추석</span><span class="an-tag">#연휴</span><span class="an-tag">#Korea</span><span class="an-tag">#증시</span></div>
        </div>
        
      </article>
      
      <article class="an-card" data-post-card="792">
        <div class="an-thumb cat-auto has-image">
          <img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p792_113347588f98f1def370_s1080.jpg" alt="What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
          <div class="an-thumb-label"><small>Auto Select · published</small><strong>What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain</strong></div>
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        <div class="an-body">
          
          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/비트코인이란-무엇일까-블록체인으로-움직이는-디지털-화폐의-구조와-특징-17516eb3?lang=en"><h2>What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain</h2><p>Unlike conventional currencies issued and managed by central banks or individual companies, Bitcoin is a digital asset operated through a system in which participants in an internet network verify transaction records. It was proposed in the Bitcoin white paper published in 2008 and later developed into a decentralized payment network based on open-source software. However, Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset, so it is important to distinguish its technical structure from its investment risks.</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/비트코인가상자산?lang=en">Bitcoin and digital assets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 94</span><span>Views 75</span><span>2026-09-24 01:59:20</span></div>
          
          <div class="an-score-strip" title="Internal publishing readiness, not an official exposure probability"><span class="an-score-pill primary">Overview 86</span><span class="an-score-pill">GSearch 92</span><span class="an-score-pill">Discover 78</span><span class="an-score-pill">AI 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NSearch 90</span><span class="an-score-pill">NHome 89</span></div>
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          <a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="/news/article/쇼트트랙-월드투어-관련주-찾는다면-스포츠-이벤트보다-먼저-봐야-할-기업-연결고리-1e9fbd45?lang=ko"><h2>쇼트트랙 월드투어 관련주 찾는다면, 스포츠 이벤트보다 먼저 봐야 할 기업 연결고리</h2><p>쇼트트랙 서울 월드투어 개최 소식 이후 관련주를 찾는 관심이 생길 수 있지만, 국제 스포츠 대회 개최 자체만으로 특정 기업 주가 상승을 판단하기는 어렵습니다. 실제 투자 검토에서는 대회가 기업의 매출·계약·브랜드 노출·사업 실적에 어떤 영향을 주는지 확인하는 과정이 필요합니다. 스포츠 이벤트와 주식시장의 연결고리는 “대회</p></a>
          <div class="an-meta"><a class="an-category-card-link" href="/news/category/국내주식증시">Korean stocks and markets</a><span>Automatic analysis</span><span>Internal SEO 94</span><span>Views 41</span><span>2026-09-24 01:01:17</span></div>
          
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CDP=http://127.0.0.1:9222, 실행 예시=C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Google\\\\Chrome\\\\Application\\\\chrome.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir=C:\\\\Users\\\\HX370\\\\.chrome-chatgpt-auto --no-first-run --no-default-browser-check https://gemini.google.com/u/2/app?hl=ko\u0026pageId=none, 진단=new#1:RuntimeError:Gemini 계정 전환 후 활성 계정 검증에 실패했습니다. 필요한 계정=axjxxtv@gmail.com, 확인된 계정=zippalgo.phk@gmail.com\"}, {\"provider\": \"server_tts_news_video\", \"tts_engine\": \"edge-tts\", \"ok\": true}], \"pipeline_version\": \"ver498-gpt-server-mixed-scenes\", \"duration_seconds\": 50.023, \"source_duration_seconds\": 50.023, \"target_duration_seconds\": 49.968, \"text_policy\": \"preserve_existing_text_no_new_text\", \"text_overlay_applied\": false, \"text_overlay_title\": \"\", \"text_overlay_subtitles\": [], \"reference_image_policy\": \"\", \"reference_image_text_free\": false, \"article_text_in_gemini_prompt\": false, \"exact_numbers_in_gemini_prompt\": false, \"tts_engine\": \"edge-tts\", \"tts_voice\": \"ko-KR-InJoonNeural\", \"tts_rate\": \"+15%\", \"tts_profile_id\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_engine\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_model_size\": \"\", \"tts_fallback_from\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_error\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_auto_fallback\": false, \"narration_text\": \"지지선과 저항선은 모든 고점과 저점에 선을 긋는 게 아니라, 가격이 반복해서 멈추거나 방향을 바꾼 구간부터 찾는 게 핵심입니다. 먼저 전저점과 전고점을 확인하고 현재 가격과 가까운 주요 가격대를 표시해 보세요. 비슷한 가격에서 여러 번 반등했다면 지지 후보, 여러 번 상승이 막혔다면 저항 후보로 볼 수 있습니다. 이때 정확히 한 가격에 맞출 필요는 없습니다. 1만 원, 9천950원, 1만50원처럼 비슷한 구간에서 반복적으로 반응했다면 하나의 가격대처럼 보는 편이 적절합니다. 그리고 가격이 저항을 돌파하거나 지지를 이탈한 뒤에는 그 구간의 역할이 바뀌는지도 확인하세요. 지지선과 저항선은 미래 가격을 맞히는 정답선이 아니라, 가격이 다시 반응할 수 있는 후보 영역을 찾는 도구입니다.\", \"narration_seconds\": 49.968, \"outro_seconds\": 0.0, \"motion_verified\": true, \"static_image_video_allowed\": true, \"motion_score\": 54.0864, \"motion_changed_ratio\": 0.966797, \"motion_sampled_frames\": 24, \"motion_active_pairs\": 3, \"first_frame_brightness\": 115.493, \"first_frame_contrast\": 59.158, \"first_frame_content_ratio\": 0.99631, \"video_bitrate_mbps\": 1.67, \"poster_frame_seconds\": 0.0, \"provider_audio_removed\": false, \"server_only_images\": false, \"lipsync_character_enabled\": false, \"lipsync_character\": {\"enabled\": false}, \"character_safe_area\": \"\", \"provider_audio_preserved\": true}, \"_threads_updated_at\": \"2026-09-26 15:00:06\", \"_threads_video_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-video/social_post_826_6774bc8802612fd8.mp4\", \"_english\": {\"title\": \"How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: A Step-by-Step Guide from Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals\", \"summary\": \"When identifying support and resistance levels, the key is to first locate price zones where prices have repeatedly stalled or reversed direction, rather than drawing lines at every high and low on a chart. Start by identifying previous lows and highs, mark the major zones closest to the current price, and then check whether their roles reverse after a breakout. Support and resistance levels are not tools for predicting future prices with absolute accuracy.\", \"content_markdown\": \"# How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: A Step-by-Step Guide from Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals\\n\\nWhen identifying support and resistance levels, the key is to **first locate price zones where prices have repeatedly stalled or reversed direction**, rather than drawing lines at every high and low on a chart. Start by identifying previous lows and highs, mark the major zones closest to the current price, and then check whether their roles reverse after a breakout. This makes the process much simpler.\\n\\n![How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nSupport and resistance levels are not lines that accurately predict future prices. In technical analysis, they are better understood as tools for identifying potential zones where prices may react again. Rather than treating a single price as the correct answer, it is more appropriate to consider a range of prices.\\n\\n## Where Can You Find Support and Resistance Levels?\\n\\nA support level is a price zone where a declining price slows down or reverses upward, while a resistance level is a price zone where a rising price slows down or reverses downward.\\n\\n![How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nWhen first examining a chart, it is easier to understand price behavior by looking at historical price movements rather than complicated technical indicators.\\n\\nFor example, if a stock falls to a similar price on three occasions and rebounds each time, the surrounding area can be considered a potential support zone. Conversely, if the price repeatedly retreats whenever it rises to a similar level, that area becomes a potential resistance zone.\\n\\nThe important point is that the exact values of the highs or lows do not need to match perfectly.\\n\\nIf the price rebounded once at KRW 10,000 and also reversed at KRW 9,950 and KRW 10,050, the first thing to recognize is that the price repeatedly reacted around that area, rather than insisting on a single line at KRW 10,000.\\n\\n## Start by Identifying Previous Lows and Highs on the Chart\\n\\n![How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining how to identify previous lows and highs on a chart](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_3_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nIf you are identifying support and resistance levels yourself for the first time, the following sequence is the simplest approach.\\n\\n![How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n1. First, choose the chart timeframe you will use.\\n2. Identify prominent historical highs and lows.\\n3. Check whether the price reacted again at similar levels.\\n4. Mark a price zone where reactions overlap, rather than a single price.\\n5. Keep the major zones closest to the current price.\\n6. If the price moves through a zone, check again whether its previous role has reversed.\\n\\nThe reason for choosing a timeframe first is that even for the same stock, the highs and lows visible on daily, weekly, and 1-hour charts can differ.\\n\\nIf you mark every small movement on a short-term chart while also displaying long-term price zones on the same screen, you may end up with too many lines. It is better to first select a chart that matches the period you want to analyze.\\n\\n![How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining why repeated price reactions matter more than a single rebound](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Prioritize Zones with Repeated Reactions Over a Single Rebound\\n\\nThe key to support and resistance is **repeated historical price reactions**.\\n\\nThere is no need to conclude that a level is strong support simply because the price rebounded there once, or that a level is strong resistance simply because the price was rejected there once.\\n\\nFor example, suppose the chart showed the following movements.\\n\\nThe price fell to KRW 20,100 and rebounded. Later, it rebounded at KRW 19,900, and during another correction, it reversed upward at KRW 20,050.\\n\\nThe values of these three lows are different.\\n\\nHowever, if the downward price movement stopped around KRW 20,000 on all three occasions, it is reasonable to treat the area near KRW 20,000 as a single potential support zone.\\n\\nThe same approach applies to resistance. Instead of looking for historical highs at exactly the same price, look for a range where upward momentum repeatedly weakened.\\n\\n## Why Support and Resistance Should Be Viewed as Zones Rather Than Single Lines\\n\\nIn actual trading, prices do not mechanically reverse direction the moment they touch a support or resistance line.\\n\\n![How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nA price may temporarily fall below a support zone and then recover, or rise above resistance before retreating. Therefore, immediately concluding that an existing support or resistance level has disappeared simply because the price moved slightly beyond a particular level can make your analysis overly sensitive to intraday fluctuations.\\n\\nFor example, if repeated reactions occurred around KRW 50,000, the approach is to examine the actual highs, lows, and range of candlesticks formed on the chart, rather than focusing exclusively on the single value KRW 50,000.\\n\\nThe width of a price zone cannot be applied uniformly to every stock because price levels and volatility differ.\\n\\nWhen marking zones on a chart, it is therefore better to define them based on the ranges where historical candlesticks repeatedly showed changes in price direction.\\n\\n## When Resistance Is Broken, It Can Become Potential Support\\n\\nOne particularly useful concept in support and resistance analysis is **role reversal**.\\n\\nWhen a price breaks above an existing resistance zone and subsequently pulls back, the former resistance zone may act as new support if the decline stops near that area.\\n\\nThe opposite situation is also possible.\\n\\nIf the price falls below an existing support zone and then rebounds but fails to move back above the former support area, the previous support may have become a new potential resistance zone.\\n\\nTherefore, after drawing a line, you should not end your analysis simply by concluding that the price has 'broken out' or 'broken down.' Instead, you need to observe how the price behaves when it returns to that zone.\\n\\nThis is what transforms support and resistance analysis from an exercise in drawing attractive lines on historical charts into a tool for continuously evaluating current price movements.\\n\\n## Moving Averages and Trendlines Can Also Act as Potential Support and Resistance\\n\\nPrevious highs and lows marked as horizontal levels are not the only potential sources of support and resistance.\\n\\n![How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nA moving average is a line representing the average price over a specified period. It can be observed as potential support when it lies below the price or as potential resistance when it lies above the price.\\n\\nTrendlines can also be used. Connecting significant lows during an upward price movement creates an ascending trendline, allowing you to observe whether the price reacts when it returns to the area around that line.\\n\\nHowever, moving averages and trendlines are not boundaries that guarantee a price rebound or decline.\\n\\nInstead, you can use them to check whether several reference points, including previous highs and lows, horizontal price zones, moving averages, and trendlines, converge around a similar area. This helps avoid adding an excessive number of lines to the chart without a clear purpose.\\n\\n## Trading Volume Is Supporting Evidence for Price Movements, Not a Support Level Itself\\n\\nTrading volume shows how much trading actually occurred during a given period.\\n\\nWhen prices move near major support or resistance zones, examining trading volume alongside price action helps determine how much trading activity accompanied those movements.\\n\\nIn particular, you should not assume that further gains are guaranteed simply because the price briefly moved above a resistance zone. You also need to observe subsequent price behavior, including whether the price remains above that zone or returns to its previous range.\\n\\nHigh trading volume alone does not automatically determine whether prices will rise or fall. Volume is information that should be interpreted together with price movements.\\n\\n## If Your Chart Has Too Many Lines, Reassess Your Priorities\\n\\nOne of the most common problems beginners encounter when identifying support and resistance is not overlooking meaningful price zones, but **drawing too many lines**.\\n\\nIf you mark every visible high and low, it eventually becomes difficult to determine what matters at the current price.\\n\\nIn that situation, you can reduce less important lines by considering their distance from the current price, whether repeated reactions occurred, and their relevance to recent price movements.\\n\\nAnother approach is to first identify prominent price zones on a higher timeframe and then move to a lower timeframe, if necessary, to examine more detailed price movements.\\n\\nThe purpose of chart analysis is not to identify as many lines as possible. It is to determine which zone the current price is approaching and what kind of reaction actually occurs there.\\n\\n## Touching a Support Level Is Not Automatically a Buy Signal\\n\\nSupport and resistance levels do not guarantee buying or selling outcomes.\\n\\nA price that rebounded several times in the past may break below that level because of new information or changing market conditions. Likewise, resistance that was previously strong may eventually be broken.\\n\\nTherefore, you should not assume that a rebound is certain simply because the price reaches a support zone, or that a decline is inevitable simply because it touches resistance.\\n\\nSupport and resistance are one component of technical analysis based on historical price data. Actual investment decisions should also consider other information, including your investment horizon, price volatility risk, and the circumstances of the company or asset.\\n\\nIf you are opening a chart for the first time, there is no need to make the process complicated. Consistently following the sequence of **identifying previous highs and lows → marking zones with repeated reactions → treating them as areas rather than single lines → checking for role reversals after breakouts** can make it much easier to distinguish support from resistance.\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular stock or asset. You are responsible for your final investment decisions and their outcomes.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [How to Read Rising and Falling Markets Using the Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Watch When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction](https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표거래량rsi로-상승-하락을-읽는-법-세-지표가-같은-방향일-때-봐야-할-것-cea247be)\\n- [How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Looking at the Cloud](https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표-보는-방법-구름대보다-먼저-봐야-할-5가지-c227d1d1)\\n- [Moving Average Analysis Techniques: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross](https://neoai.kr/news/article/이동평균선-분석기법-골든크로스보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-cc9f8af0)\\n- [How to Analyze Stock Market Supply and Demand: Why Foreign and Institutional Net Buying Must Be Evaluated Alongside Trading Value, Consistency, and Price](https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-수급-분석-방법-주식-수급-분석-방법-외국인기관-순매수는-금액지속성가격까지-같이-봐야-한다-18809783)\", \"image_alt\": \"Informational thumbnail highlighting the key points of how to identify support and resistance levels, from previous highs and lows to role reversals\", \"tags\": [\"Support Levels\", \"Resistance Levels\", \"Previous Highs\", \"Previous Lows\", \"Role Reversal\", \"Step-by-Step Guide\", \"Charts\", \"All\", \"Highs\", \"Lows\", \"Drawing Lines\", \"Repeatedly\", \"Korean Stocks and Stock Market\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eHow to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: A Step-by-Step Guide from Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003eWhen identifying support and resistance levels, the key is to \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003efirst locate price zones where prices have repeatedly stalled or reversed direction\u003c/strong\u003e, rather than drawing lines at every high and low on a chart. Start by identifying previous lows and highs, mark the major zones closest to the current price, and then check whether their roles reverse after a breakout. This makes the process much simpler.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image summarizing the key points\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image summarizing the key points\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eSupport and resistance levels are not lines that accurately predict future prices. In technical analysis, they are better understood as tools for identifying potential zones where prices may react again. Rather than treating a single price as the correct answer, it is more appropriate to consider a range of prices.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhere Can You Find Support and Resistance Levels?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eA support level is a price zone where a declining price slows down or reverses upward, while a resistance level is a price zone where a rising price slows down or reverses downward.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen first examining a chart, it is easier to understand price behavior by looking at historical price movements rather than complicated technical indicators.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if a stock falls to a similar price on three occasions and rebounds each time, the surrounding area can be considered a potential support zone. Conversely, if the price repeatedly retreats whenever it rises to a similar level, that area becomes a potential resistance zone.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe important point is that the exact values of the highs or lows do not need to match perfectly.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf the price rebounded once at KRW 10,000 and also reversed at KRW 9,950 and KRW 10,050, the first thing to recognize is that the price repeatedly reacted around that area, rather than insisting on a single line at KRW 10,000.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eStart by Identifying Previous Lows and Highs on the Chart\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_3_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining how to identify previous lows and highs on a chart\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining how to identify previous lows and highs on a chart\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eIf you are identifying support and resistance levels yourself for the first time, the following sequence is the simplest approach.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. First, choose the chart timeframe you will use.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. Identify prominent historical highs and lows.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. Check whether the price reacted again at similar levels.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. Mark a price zone where reactions overlap, rather than a single price.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e5. Keep the major zones closest to the current price.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e6. If the price moves through a zone, check again whether its previous role has reversed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe reason for choosing a timeframe first is that even for the same stock, the highs and lows visible on daily, weekly, and 1-hour charts can differ.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you mark every small movement on a short-term chart while also displaying long-term price zones on the same screen, you may end up with too many lines. It is better to first select a chart that matches the period you want to analyze.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining why repeated price reactions matter more than a singl\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining why repeated price reactions matter more than a singl\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003ePrioritize Zones with Repeated Reactions Over a Single Rebound\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eThe key to support and resistance is \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003erepeated historical price reactions\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no need to conclude that a level is strong support simply because the price rebounded there once, or that a level is strong resistance simply because the price was rejected there once.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, suppose the chart showed the following movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe price fell to KRW 20,100 and rebounded. Later, it rebounded at KRW 19,900, and during another correction, it reversed upward at KRW 20,050.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe values of these three lows are different.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, if the downward price movement stopped around KRW 20,000 on all three occasions, it is reasonable to treat the area near KRW 20,000 as a single potential support zone.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe same approach applies to resistance. Instead of looking for historical highs at exactly the same price, look for a range where upward momentum repeatedly weakened.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhy Support and Resistance Should Be Viewed as Zones Rather Than Single Lines\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eIn actual trading, prices do not mechanically reverse direction the moment they touch a support or resistance line.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA price may temporarily fall below a support zone and then recover, or rise above resistance before retreating. Therefore, immediately concluding that an existing support or resistance level has disappeared simply because the price moved slightly beyond a particular level can make your analysis overly sensitive to intraday fluctuations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if repeated reactions occurred around KRW 50,000, the approach is to examine the actual highs, lows, and range of candlesticks formed on the chart, rather than focusing exclusively on the single value KRW 50,000.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe width of a price zone cannot be applied uniformly to every stock because price levels and volatility differ.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen marking zones on a chart, it is therefore better to define them based on the ranges where historical candlesticks repeatedly showed changes in price direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eWhen Resistance Is Broken, It Can Become Potential Support\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eOne particularly useful concept in support and resistance analysis is \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003erole reversal\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a price breaks above an existing resistance zone and subsequently pulls back, the former resistance zone may act as new support if the decline stops near that area.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe opposite situation is also possible.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf the price falls below an existing support zone and then rebounds but fails to move back above the former support area, the previous support may have become a new potential resistance zone.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, after drawing a line, you should not end your analysis simply by concluding that the price has \u0026#x27;broken out\u0026#x27; or \u0026#x27;broken down.\u0026#x27; Instead, you need to observe how the price behaves when it returns to that zone.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThis is what transforms support and resistance analysis from an exercise in drawing attractive lines on historical charts into a tool for continuously evaluating current price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eMoving Averages and Trendlines Can Also Act as Potential Support and Resistance\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003ePrevious highs and lows marked as horizontal levels are not the only potential sources of support and resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: From Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals - Informational image explaining where to find support and resistance levels\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA moving average is a line representing the average price over a specified period. It can be observed as potential support when it lies below the price or as potential resistance when it lies above the price.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTrendlines can also be used. Connecting significant lows during an upward price movement creates an ascending trendline, allowing you to observe whether the price reacts when it returns to the area around that line.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, moving averages and trendlines are not boundaries that guarantee a price rebound or decline.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead, you can use them to check whether several reference points, including previous highs and lows, horizontal price zones, moving averages, and trendlines, converge around a similar area. This helps avoid adding an excessive number of lines to the chart without a clear purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eTrading Volume Is Supporting Evidence for Price Movements, Not a Support Level Itself\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eTrading volume shows how much trading actually occurred during a given period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen prices move near major support or resistance zones, examining trading volume alongside price action helps determine how much trading activity accompanied those movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn particular, you should not assume that further gains are guaranteed simply because the price briefly moved above a resistance zone. You also need to observe subsequent price behavior, including whether the price remains above that zone or returns to its previous range.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHigh trading volume alone does not automatically determine whether prices will rise or fall. Volume is information that should be interpreted together with price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eIf Your Chart Has Too Many Lines, Reassess Your Priorities\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eOne of the most common problems beginners encounter when identifying support and resistance is not overlooking meaningful price zones, but \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003edrawing too many lines\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you mark every visible high and low, it eventually becomes difficult to determine what matters at the current price.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn that situation, you can reduce less important lines by considering their distance from the current price, whether repeated reactions occurred, and their relevance to recent price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eAnother approach is to first identify prominent price zones on a higher timeframe and then move to a lower timeframe, if necessary, to examine more detailed price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of chart analysis is not to identify as many lines as possible. It is to determine which zone the current price is approaching and what kind of reaction actually occurs there.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eTouching a Support Level Is Not Automatically a Buy Signal\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eSupport and resistance levels do not guarantee buying or selling outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA price that rebounded several times in the past may break below that level because of new information or changing market conditions. Likewise, resistance that was previously strong may eventually be broken.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, you should not assume that a rebound is certain simply because the price reaches a support zone, or that a decline is inevitable simply because it touches resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eSupport and resistance are one component of technical analysis based on historical price data. Actual investment decisions should also consider other information, including your investment horizon, price volatility risk, and the circumstances of the company or asset.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are opening a chart for the first time, there is no need to make the process complicated. Consistently following the sequence of \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eidentifying previous highs and lows → marking zones with repeated reactions → treating them as areas rather than single lines → checking for role reversals after breakouts\u003c/strong\u003e can make it much easier to distinguish support from resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular stock or asset. You are responsible for your final investment decisions and their outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표거래량rsi로-상승-하락을-읽는-법-세-지표가-같은-방향일-때-봐야-할-것-cea247be\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Read Rising and Falling Markets Using the Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Watch When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표-보는-방법-구름대보다-먼저-봐야-할-5가지-c227d1d1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Looking at the Cloud\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/이동평균선-분석기법-골든크로스보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-cc9f8af0\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eMoving Average Analysis Techniques: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-수급-분석-방법-주식-수급-분석-방법-외국인기관-순매수는-금액지속성가격까지-같이-봐야-한다-18809783\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Analyze Stock Market Supply and Demand: Why Foreign and Institutional Net Buying Must Be Evaluated Alongside Trading Value, Consistency, and Price\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\", \"status\": \"published\", \"source_hash\": \"4a534d49b28df13130fb15d59e45f141ae9114909a17e6812dc9100e8fe156b1\", \"source_title\": \"지지선·저항선 찾는 법, 전고점·전저점부터 역할 전환까지 보는 순서\", \"source_summary\": \"지지선과 저항선을 찾을 때는 차트의 모든 고점·저점에 선을 긋기보다 가격이 반복해서 멈추거나 방향을 바꾼 가격대를 먼저 찾는 것이 핵심입니다. 전저점과 전고점을 우선 확인하고, 현재 가격과 가까운 주요 구간부터 표시한 뒤 돌파 후 역할이 바뀌는지 확인하면 훨씬 단순해집니다. 지지선과 저항선은 미래 가격을 정확하게 맞히는 \"}}", "tags_json": "[\"지지선\", \"저항선\", \"전고점\", \"전저점\", \"전환\", \"순서\", \"차트\", \"모든\", \"고점\", \"저점\", \"긋기\", \"반복해서\", \"국내주식·증시\"]", "thumbnail_text": "How to Identify Support and Resistance Levels: A Step-by-Step Guide from Previous Highs and Lows to Role Reversals", "image_url": "/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p826_c5bd63f5df4c9def672a_s1080.jpg", "image_alt": "Informational thumbnail highlighting the key points of how to identify support and resistance levels, from previous highs and lows to role reversals", "focus_keyword": "지지선", "seo_score": 94, "seo_json": "{\"score\": 94, \"focus_keyword\": \"지지선\", \"platform\": \"auto\", \"platform_label\": \"자동 선택\", \"intent_type\": \"auto\", \"intent_label\": \"자동 분석\", \"content_mode\": \"basic\", \"checks\": {\"title_length\": true, \"summary_length\": true, \"body_length_for_platform\": true, \"opening_answers_intent\": true, \"section_fit_for_platform\": true, \"paragraph_structure\": true, \"has_unique_element\": true, \"information_gain_2plus\": true, \"has_caution\": true, 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{\"search_intent\": true, \"originality_information_gain\": true, \"facts_sources_freshness\": false, \"expertise_trust\": true, \"structure_readability\": true, \"technical_searchability\": true, \"visual_accessibility\": true}, \"score_meaning\": \"internal_publish_readiness_not_ranking_probability\", \"visibility_score_meaning\": \"internal_multi_surface_readiness_not_impression_probability\", \"information_gain_groups\": 3, \"has_visual_asset\": true, \"selected_thumbnail_aspect_ratio\": \"1:1\", \"feed_visual_ratio_ready\": false, \"source_verification_count\": 0, \"blocking_flags\": [], \"quality_flags\": [\"missing_kst_basis_date\"], \"metrics\": {\"paragraph_count\": 63, \"sentence_count\": 65, \"duplicate_sentence_ratio\": 0.0, \"focus_keyword_count\": 25, \"focus_per_1000_chars\": 4.63, \"emphasis_count\": 5, \"date_basis\": false, \"first_paragraph_length\": 153, \"unique_element\": true, \"generic_opening_hits\": 0, \"section_count\": 10, \"table_count\": 0, \"profile\": 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"cross_platform_visibility_score": 86, "visibility_scores": {"google_search": 92, "google_discover": 78, "google_news": 84, "google_ai_summary": 90, "naver_search": 90, "naver_home_feed": 89}, "platform_scores": {"google_search": 92, "google_discover": 78, "google_news": 84, "google_ai_summary": 90, "naver_search": 90, "naver_home_feed": 89}, "content_quality_checks": {"search_intent": true, "originality_information_gain": true, "facts_sources_freshness": false, "expertise_trust": true, "structure_readability": true, "technical_searchability": true, "visual_accessibility": true}, "score_meaning": "internal_publish_readiness_not_ranking_probability", "visibility_score_meaning": "internal_multi_surface_readiness_not_impression_probability", "information_gain_groups": 3, "has_visual_asset": true, "selected_thumbnail_aspect_ratio": "1:1", "feed_visual_ratio_ready": false, "source_verification_count": 0, "blocking_flags": [], "quality_flags": ["missing_kst_basis_date"], "metrics": 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Please retry the post again, and get in touch if this persists. | [Threads] Failed to broadcast update to Threads: Unable to get media container status from Threads\", \"_english\": {\"title\": \"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: Separating Direction, Strength, and Overbought Conditions\", \"summary\": \"When using Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI together, you should not ask all three indicators the same question. It is easier to understand the chart by checking the trend direction with Ichimoku Cloud, whether trading participation supports price movements with volume, and which way bullish or bearish momentum is leaning with RSI, in that order. As of 2026-09-26, these three indicators are still not tools that can predict future prices with certainty.\", \"content_markdown\": \"# How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: Separating Direction, Strength, and Overbought Conditions\\n\\nWhen using Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI together, you should not ask all three indicators the same question. It is easier to understand the chart by checking **the direction of the trend** with Ichimoku Cloud, **whether trading participation supports price movements** with volume, and **whether bullish or bearish momentum is stronger** with RSI, in that order.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: Separating Direction, Strength, and Overbought Conditions - Informational graphic summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\nAs of 2026-09-26, these three indicators are still not tools that can predict future prices with certainty. In particular, immediately interpreting RSI above 70 as a bearish signal or RSI below 30 as a bullish signal can easily lead to incorrect decisions during strong trends.\\n\\n## With Ichimoku Cloud, Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud\\n\\nWhen first learning Ichimoku Cloud, rather than trying to interpret every line, start by checking **the relationship between the current price and the cloud**.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\nWhen the price is above the cloud, it can be interpreted as favoring an uptrend. When the price is below the cloud, it can be interpreted as favoring a downtrend. If the price is inside the cloud, the market may be in a sideways or mixed phase without a clear direction.\\n\\nIt also helps to understand the basic components of Ichimoku Cloud.\\n\\nThe Conversion Line (Tenkan-sen) is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 9 periods, while the Base Line (Kijun-sen) is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 26 periods. Leading Span A is the midpoint between the Conversion Line and Base Line, plotted 26 periods ahead, while Leading Span B is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 52 periods, plotted 26 periods ahead.\\n\\nThe area between these two leading spans is commonly called the cloud. The Lagging Span (Chikou Span) plots the current closing price 26 periods backward and is used to examine the relationship between the current price and past prices.\\n\\nTherefore, when assessing an uptrend, a more systematic approach is to look beyond whether the Conversion Line has crossed above the Base Line once. Check whether the price is above the cloud and whether the relationship between the Conversion Line and Base Line, along with the position of the Lagging Span, points in the same direction.\\n\\nConversely, if the price moves up and down inside the cloud and the Conversion Line and Base Line cross frequently, it may be better to wait for a clearer direction rather than rushing to declare an uptrend or downtrend.\\n\\n## Volume Measures Participation in Price Movements Rather Than Their Direction\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Volume Measures Participation Rather Than Direction: Informational graphic summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_3_s1080.jpg)\\n\\nIt is difficult to determine whether prices will rise or fall in the future based on volume alone. Volume is better used to assess how much trading activity accompanies a price movement.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\nFor example, suppose the price breaks above an important resistance zone.\\n\\nA price that briefly moves above resistance before falling back is not viewed in the same way as a breakout accompanied by increasing volume. In technical analysis, higher volume accompanying a price movement can provide additional information for assessing the strength of that movement.\\n\\nThe same principle applies to declines. If the price breaks below a support zone while volume increases, there is reason to investigate further whether the move is merely intraday volatility or reflects growing selling participation.\\n\\nThe important point is that **an increase in volume is not itself a bullish signal**. Even on days when volume rises sharply, prices can either increase or decrease. Therefore, a natural sequence is to first examine the price direction and whether major support or resistance levels have been broken, then use volume to help confirm the movement.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - RSI 70 and 30 Are Not Automatic Sell or Buy Signals: Informational graphic summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n## RSI 70 and 30 Are Not Automatic Sell or Buy Signals\\n\\nThe Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum indicator that expresses the speed and magnitude of recent price movements on a scale from 0 to 100.\\n\\nUnder traditional guidelines, RSI above 70 is considered overbought, while RSI below 30 is considered oversold. However, overbought does not mean that the price is about to fall, and oversold does not mean that the price is about to rise.\\n\\nDuring a strong uptrend, RSI can remain elevated for a considerable period. During a strong downtrend, RSI can remain low for an extended period.\\n\\nUnderstanding this distinction changes how RSI should be interpreted.\\n\\nIf the price remains above the cloud in an uptrend, rather than declaring a bearish reversal simply because RSI exceeds 70, examine whether RSI continues to stay elevated or whether momentum is beginning to weaken.\\n\\nConversely, if the price continues its downtrend below the cloud, it is difficult to conclude that the market has reached a bottom solely because RSI is below 30.\\n\\nLooking at RSI around 50 can also help explain the overall pattern. During uptrends, RSI may remain within a relatively higher range, while during downtrends, it may fluctuate within a relatively lower range.\\n\\n## What Should You Look for When Price and RSI Move in Different Directions?\\n\\nWhen price and RSI move in opposite directions, the phenomenon can be examined through divergence.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\nIf the price rises above its previous high to establish a higher high, but the RSI peak is lower than before, price gains and momentum are not advancing at the same pace. Conversely, if the price makes a lower low while RSI forms a higher low, this provides a reason to examine possible changes in bearish momentum.\\n\\nHowever, divergence does not guarantee a price reversal either.\\n\\nYou also need to check whether the actual price structure has changed, whether important support or resistance levels have been broken, and how volume is behaving. Treating divergence alone as an immediate signal to trade in the opposite direction can make it difficult to respond when the existing trend continues.\\n\\n## Reading Ichimoku Cloud → Volume → RSI in That Order Makes the Three Indicators Easier to Understand\\n\\nIf you are new to chart analysis, remembering the following sequence can help you understand why the three indicators sometimes appear to conflict.\\n\\n1. **Check the direction using Ichimoku Cloud.**\\nStart by determining whether the price is above, below, or inside the cloud.\\n\\n2. **Check whether the price has actually broken above or below an important level.**\\nExamine price levels such as cloud boundaries, recent highs and lows, and support and resistance.\\n\\n3. **Use volume to check whether trading participation supports the movement.**\\nPay particular attention to whether volume increases during breakouts or breakdowns.\\n\\n4. **Use RSI to assess momentum conditions.**\\nRather than focusing only on 70 and 30, also examine movements around 50, the established RSI range, and differences between the direction of price and RSI.\\n\\nThis approach gives each indicator a distinct role. Ichimoku Cloud shows the broader direction, volume adds information about participation in price movements, and RSI provides an additional view of momentum conditions.\\n\\n## For an Uptrend, Check Whether All Three Conditions Point in the Same Direction\\n\\nFor example, even if the price moves above the cloud, that alone does not guarantee the uptrend will continue.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\nFirst, check whether the price remains above the cloud and whether the relationship between the Conversion Line and Base Line is consistent with a bullish trend. Next, examine whether volume increases when the price breaks through important levels, and whether RSI also indicates that bullish momentum is being maintained.\\n\\nConversely, if the price is above the cloud but volume is declining and RSI momentum is weakening, the three indicators are not pointing in the same direction.\\n\\nIn that situation, rather than reinforcing a bullish conclusion, the priority is to **check whether the conflicting signals begin to align again**.\\n\\n## Apply the Same Principles in Reverse to Analyze Downtrends\\n\\nIf the price is below the cloud, Ichimoku Cloud places greater weight on a bearish trend interpretation.\\n\\nYou can then examine whether a break below a major support zone is accompanied by increasing volume and whether RSI is moving within a relatively low range.\\n\\nHowever, an RSI reading below 30 does not mean that further declines are impossible. During a strong downtrend, RSI can remain oversold for an extended period.\\n\\nTherefore, rather than focusing simply on the fact that RSI is low during a decline, more important follow-up questions are **whether the price has moved out from below the cloud, whether the support and resistance structure has changed, and whether volume and momentum are actually reversing**.\\n\\n## The Most Important Time to Be Cautious Is When the Three Indicators Conflict\\n\\nThe price may be above the cloud while RSI weakens and volume decreases. Conversely, RSI may begin recovering while the price is still below the cloud.\\n\\nThese situations do not necessarily mean that the indicators are wrong. They can occur because each indicator measures something different.\\n\\nIchimoku Cloud focuses on trends and price positioning, volume reflects the degree of market participation, and RSI measures price momentum. Therefore, when the three indicators point in different directions, one approach is to watch for confirmation of the price direction rather than forcing a bullish or bearish conclusion.\\n\\nSignals can become particularly less meaningful in sideways markets, where Ichimoku Cloud signals change frequently or RSI fluctuates between 30 and 70.\\n\\n## When Analyzing Real Charts, Record Changes in Conditions Rather Than Making Predictions\\n\\nOne of the easiest traps to fall into when practicing technical analysis is immediately concluding that a price will \\\"rise\\\" or \\\"fall\\\" as soon as you look at a chart.\\n\\nInstead, recording the current situation as a set of conditions can make the decision-making process clearer.\\n\\nFor example, write down your observations separately: \\\"The price is above the cloud and has broken through major resistance, while volume has increased compared with earlier levels. RSI is also showing bullish momentum.\\\"\\n\\nThen check whether the price moves back into the cloud, whether it holds the level it broke through, whether volume remains elevated, and whether RSI momentum weakens.\\n\\nThe advantage of this approach is that an incorrect signal from one indicator does not invalidate your entire assessment.\\n\\nIchimoku Cloud, volume, and RSI are not formulas that can determine future rises or falls in advance. They are better understood as **tools for interpreting current chart conditions by examining trend direction, trading participation, and momentum from different perspectives**.\\n\\nIn actual investing, information beyond the chart, such as corporate earnings and financial conditions, disclosures, interest rates, exchange rates, and overall market conditions, can also affect prices. Because historical signals from technical indicators do not guarantee future returns or price direction, actual trading decisions should also account for potential losses, your investment horizon, and your risk tolerance.\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular stock or asset. Final investment decisions and responsibility rest with the individual investor.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction](https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표거래량rsi로-상승-하락을-읽는-법-세-지표가-같은-방향일-때-봐야-할-것-cea247be)\\n- [U.S. Stocks Fall in Early Trading on September 8 as Oil Prices Rise Amid Iran Tensions, Pushing the Dow Down 1%](https://neoai.kr/news/article/뉴욕증시-9월-8일-장초반-하락-이란-긴장-속-유가-상승에-다우-1-밀려-2ff9406c)\\n- [Why Haven't Gas Station Prices Risen Immediately Even Though Global Oil Prices Exceeded 100 Dollars? 4 Things to Check Before Focusing on the 2–3-Week Lag](https://neoai.kr/news/article/국제유가-100달러-넘었는데-주유소-기름값은-왜-바로-안-오를까-23주-시차보다-먼저-볼-4가지-626a2b06)\\n- [Nasdaq100 Futures Fall 1.6% Before the U.S. Stock Market Opens: What to Watch Ahead of the September 16 FOMC](https://neoai.kr/news/article/뉴욕증시-개장-전-나스닥100-선물-16-하락-9월-16일-fomc-앞두고-확인할-것-ad37786f)\", \"image_alt\": \"Informational thumbnail highlighting the key points of how to read uptrends and downtrends using Ichimoku Cloud, volume, and RSI by separating direction, strength, and overbought conditions\", \"tags\": [\"Ichimoku Cloud\", \"Trading Volume\", \"RSI\", \"Uptrend\", \"Downtrend\", \"Direction\", \"Overbought Conditions\", \"Easy to Understand\", \"Together\", \"Indicators\", \"Questions\", \"Ask\", \"Global Economy and U.S. Stocks\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: Separating Direction, Strength, and Overbought Conditions\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003eWhen using Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI together, you should not ask all three indicators the same question. It is easier to understand the chart by checking \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ethe direction of the trend\u003c/strong\u003e with Ichimoku Cloud, \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhether trading participation supports price movements\u003c/strong\u003e with volume, and \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhether bullish or bearish momentum is stronger\u003c/strong\u003e with RSI, in that order.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: Separating Direction, Strength, and Overbought Conditions - Informational graphic summarizing the key poi\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: Separating Direction, Strength, and Overbought Conditions - Informational graphic summarizing the key poi\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eAs of 2026-09-26, these three indicators are still not tools that can predict future prices with certainty. In particular, immediately interpreting RSI above 70 as a bearish signal or RSI below 30 as a bullish signal can easily lead to incorrect decisions during strong trends.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWith Ichimoku Cloud, Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhen first learning Ichimoku Cloud, rather than trying to interpret every line, start by checking \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ethe relationship between the current price and the cloud\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key po\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key po\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the price is above the cloud, it can be interpreted as favoring an uptrend. When the price is below the cloud, it can be interpreted as favoring a downtrend. If the price is inside the cloud, the market may be in a sideways or mixed phase without a clear direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIt also helps to understand the basic components of Ichimoku Cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Conversion Line (Tenkan-sen) is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 9 periods, while the Base Line (Kijun-sen) is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 26 periods. Leading Span A is the midpoint between the Conversion Line and Base Line, plotted 26 periods ahead, while Leading Span B is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 52 periods, plotted 26 periods ahead.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe area between these two leading spans is commonly called the cloud. The Lagging Span (Chikou Span) plots the current closing price 26 periods backward and is used to examine the relationship between the current price and past prices.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, when assessing an uptrend, a more systematic approach is to look beyond whether the Conversion Line has crossed above the Base Line once. Check whether the price is above the cloud and whether the relationship between the Conversion Line and Base Line, along with the position of the Lagging Span, points in the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the price moves up and down inside the cloud and the Conversion Line and Base Line cross frequently, it may be better to wait for a clearer direction rather than rushing to declare an uptrend or downtrend.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eVolume Measures Participation in Price Movements Rather Than Their Direction\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_3_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Volume Measures Participation Rather Than Direction: Informational graphic summarizing the key points\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Volume Measures Participation Rather Than Direction: Informational graphic summarizing the key points\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eIt is difficult to determine whether prices will rise or fall in the future based on volume alone. Volume is better used to assess how much trading activity accompanies a price movement.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key po\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key po\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, suppose the price breaks above an important resistance zone.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA price that briefly moves above resistance before falling back is not viewed in the same way as a breakout accompanied by increasing volume. In technical analysis, higher volume accompanying a price movement can provide additional information for assessing the strength of that movement.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe same principle applies to declines. If the price breaks below a support zone while volume increases, there is reason to investigate further whether the move is merely intraday volatility or reflects growing selling participation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe important point is that \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ean increase in volume is not itself a bullish signal\u003c/strong\u003e. Even on days when volume rises sharply, prices can either increase or decrease. Therefore, a natural sequence is to first examine the price direction and whether major support or resistance levels have been broken, then use volume to help confirm the movement.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - RSI 70 and 30 Are Not Automatic Sell or Buy Signals: Informational graphic summarizing the key points\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - RSI 70 and 30 Are Not Automatic Sell or Buy Signals: Informational graphic summarizing the key points\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eRSI 70 and 30 Are Not Automatic Sell or Buy Signals\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eThe Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum indicator that expresses the speed and magnitude of recent price movements on a scale from 0 to 100.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eUnder traditional guidelines, RSI above 70 is considered overbought, while RSI below 30 is considered oversold. However, overbought does not mean that the price is about to fall, and oversold does not mean that the price is about to rise.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring a strong uptrend, RSI can remain elevated for a considerable period. During a strong downtrend, RSI can remain low for an extended period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding this distinction changes how RSI should be interpreted.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf the price remains above the cloud in an uptrend, rather than declaring a bearish reversal simply because RSI exceeds 70, examine whether RSI continues to stay elevated or whether momentum is beginning to weaken.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the price continues its downtrend below the cloud, it is difficult to conclude that the market has reached a bottom solely because RSI is below 30.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eLooking at RSI around 50 can also help explain the overall pattern. During uptrends, RSI may remain within a relatively higher range, while during downtrends, it may fluctuate within a relatively lower range.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhat Should You Look for When Price and RSI Move in Different Directions?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhen price and RSI move in opposite directions, the phenomenon can be examined through divergence.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key po\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key po\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf the price rises above its previous high to establish a higher high, but the RSI peak is lower than before, price gains and momentum are not advancing at the same pace. Conversely, if the price makes a lower low while RSI forms a higher low, this provides a reason to examine possible changes in bearish momentum.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, divergence does not guarantee a price reversal either.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eYou also need to check whether the actual price structure has changed, whether important support or resistance levels have been broken, and how volume is behaving. Treating divergence alone as an immediate signal to trade in the opposite direction can make it difficult to respond when the existing trend continues.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eReading Ichimoku Cloud → Volume → RSI in That Order Makes the Three Indicators Easier to Understand\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eIf you are new to chart analysis, remembering the following sequence can help you understand why the three indicators sometimes appear to conflict.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eCheck the direction using Ichimoku Cloud.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eStart by determining whether the price is above, below, or inside the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eCheck whether the price has actually broken above or below an important level.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eExamine price levels such as cloud boundaries, recent highs and lows, and support and resistance.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eUse volume to check whether trading participation supports the movement.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003ePay particular attention to whether volume increases during breakouts or breakdowns.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eUse RSI to assess momentum conditions.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eRather than focusing only on 70 and 30, also examine movements around 50, the established RSI range, and differences between the direction of price and RSI.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThis approach gives each indicator a distinct role. Ichimoku Cloud shows the broader direction, volume adds information about participation in price movements, and RSI provides an additional view of momentum conditions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eFor an Uptrend, Check Whether All Three Conditions Point in the Same Direction\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eFor example, even if the price moves above the cloud, that alone does not guarantee the uptrend will continue.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p825_b80a4d5bf2413088_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key po\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI - Start by Checking Where the Price Is Relative to the Cloud: Informational graphic summarizing the key po\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, check whether the price remains above the cloud and whether the relationship between the Conversion Line and Base Line is consistent with a bullish trend. Next, examine whether volume increases when the price breaks through important levels, and whether RSI also indicates that bullish momentum is being maintained.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the price is above the cloud but volume is declining and RSI momentum is weakening, the three indicators are not pointing in the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn that situation, rather than reinforcing a bullish conclusion, the priority is to \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003echeck whether the conflicting signals begin to align again\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eApply the Same Principles in Reverse to Analyze Downtrends\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eIf the price is below the cloud, Ichimoku Cloud places greater weight on a bearish trend interpretation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eYou can then examine whether a break below a major support zone is accompanied by increasing volume and whether RSI is moving within a relatively low range.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, an RSI reading below 30 does not mean that further declines are impossible. During a strong downtrend, RSI can remain oversold for an extended period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, rather than focusing simply on the fact that RSI is low during a decline, more important follow-up questions are \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhether the price has moved out from below the cloud, whether the support and resistance structure has changed, and whether volume and momentum are actually reversing\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe Most Important Time to Be Cautious Is When the Three Indicators Conflict\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe price may be above the cloud while RSI weakens and volume decreases. Conversely, RSI may begin recovering while the price is still below the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThese situations do not necessarily mean that the indicators are wrong. They can occur because each indicator measures something different.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIchimoku Cloud focuses on trends and price positioning, volume reflects the degree of market participation, and RSI measures price momentum. Therefore, when the three indicators point in different directions, one approach is to watch for confirmation of the price direction rather than forcing a bullish or bearish conclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eSignals can become particularly less meaningful in sideways markets, where Ichimoku Cloud signals change frequently or RSI fluctuates between 30 and 70.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eWhen Analyzing Real Charts, Record Changes in Conditions Rather Than Making Predictions\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eOne of the easiest traps to fall into when practicing technical analysis is immediately concluding that a price will \u0026quot;rise\u0026quot; or \u0026quot;fall\u0026quot; as soon as you look at a chart.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead, recording the current situation as a set of conditions can make the decision-making process clearer.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, write down your observations separately: \u0026quot;The price is above the cloud and has broken through major resistance, while volume has increased compared with earlier levels. RSI is also showing bullish momentum.\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThen check whether the price moves back into the cloud, whether it holds the level it broke through, whether volume remains elevated, and whether RSI momentum weakens.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe advantage of this approach is that an incorrect signal from one indicator does not invalidate your entire assessment.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIchimoku Cloud, volume, and RSI are not formulas that can determine future rises or falls in advance. They are better understood as \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003etools for interpreting current chart conditions by examining trend direction, trading participation, and momentum from different perspectives\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn actual investing, information beyond the chart, such as corporate earnings and financial conditions, disclosures, interest rates, exchange rates, and overall market conditions, can also affect prices. Because historical signals from technical indicators do not guarantee future returns or price direction, actual trading decisions should also account for potential losses, your investment horizon, and your risk tolerance.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular stock or asset. Final investment decisions and responsibility rest with the individual investor.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표거래량rsi로-상승-하락을-읽는-법-세-지표가-같은-방향일-때-봐야-할-것-cea247be\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/뉴욕증시-9월-8일-장초반-하락-이란-긴장-속-유가-상승에-다우-1-밀려-2ff9406c\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eU.S. Stocks Fall in Early Trading on September 8 as Oil Prices Rise Amid Iran Tensions, Pushing the Dow Down 1%\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca 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CDP=http://127.0.0.1:9222, 실행 예시=C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Google\\\\Chrome\\\\Application\\\\chrome.exe --remote-debugging-port=9222 --user-data-dir=C:\\\\Users\\\\HX370\\\\.chrome-chatgpt-auto --no-first-run --no-default-browser-check https://gemini.google.com/u/2/app?hl=ko\u0026pageId=none, 진단=new#1:RuntimeError:Gemini 계정 전환 후 활성 계정 검증에 실패했습니다. 필요한 계정=axjxxtv@gmail.com, 확인된 계정=zippalgo.phk@gmail.com\"}, {\"provider\": \"server_tts_news_video\", \"tts_engine\": \"edge-tts\", \"ok\": true}], \"pipeline_version\": \"ver498-gpt-server-mixed-scenes\", \"duration_seconds\": 59.057, \"source_duration_seconds\": 59.039, \"target_duration_seconds\": 59.016, \"text_policy\": \"preserve_existing_text_no_new_text\", \"text_overlay_applied\": false, \"text_overlay_title\": \"\", \"text_overlay_subtitles\": [], \"reference_image_policy\": \"\", \"reference_image_text_free\": false, \"article_text_in_gemini_prompt\": false, \"exact_numbers_in_gemini_prompt\": false, \"tts_engine\": \"edge-tts\", \"tts_voice\": \"ko-KR-InJoonNeural\", \"tts_rate\": \"+15%\", \"tts_profile_id\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_engine\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_model_size\": \"\", \"tts_fallback_from\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_error\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_auto_fallback\": false, \"narration_text\": \"이동평균선 분석기법에서는 골든크로스보다 먼저 가격의 위치, 선의 방향, 단기와 장기선의 관계를 확인해야 합니다. 골든크로스 하나만으로 이후 상승이 확정되는 것은 아닙니다. 이동평균선은 일정 기간 가격의 평균을 계산해 흐름을 부드럽게 보여주는 추세 지표입니다. 먼저 현재 가격이 이동평균선 위에 있는지, 아래에 있는지 확인합니다. 그다음 이동평균선이 상승하는지 하락하는지 기울기를 보고, 단기선과 장기선이 어떤 관계인지 살펴봅니다. 또한 이동평균선은 과거 가격으로 계산되기 때문에 실제 가격보다 늦게 움직일 수 있습니다. 그래서 교차 신호만 보지 말고 다른 가격과 거래 정보도 함께 확인하는 것이 중요합니다. SMA는 기간 내 가격에 같은 비중을 주고, EMA는 최근 가격에 더 큰 비중을 둬 변화에 더 빠르게 반응합니다. 다만 빠른 반응이 항상 더 좋은 것은 아니며 단기 변동에도 민감할 수 있습니다.\", \"narration_seconds\": 59.016, \"outro_seconds\": 0.0, \"motion_verified\": true, \"static_image_video_allowed\": true, \"motion_score\": 114.7335, \"motion_changed_ratio\": 0.987196, \"motion_sampled_frames\": 24, \"motion_active_pairs\": 3, \"first_frame_brightness\": 172.387, \"first_frame_contrast\": 59.267, \"first_frame_content_ratio\": 0.98014, \"video_bitrate_mbps\": 1.326, \"poster_frame_seconds\": 0.0, \"provider_audio_removed\": false, \"server_only_images\": false, \"lipsync_character_enabled\": false, \"lipsync_character\": {\"enabled\": false}, \"character_safe_area\": \"\", \"provider_audio_preserved\": true}, \"_threads_updated_at\": \"2026-09-26 14:10:45\", \"_threads_video_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-video/social_post_824_1d6aae7c5a07703f.mp4\", \"_threads_post_error\": \"An unknown error has occurred. Please retry the post again, and get in touch if this persists. | [Threads] Failed to broadcast update to Threads: Unable to get media container status from Threads\", \"_english\": {\"title\": \"Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross\", \"summary\": \"A moving average is a trend indicator that smooths price movements by averaging prices over a specified period. Rather than looking only for a golden cross, a more accurate way to interpret what moving averages actually show is to examine them in this order: price position → moving average slope → relationship between short-term and long-term averages → confirmation from other price and trading information. Because moving averages are calculated from historical prices, they lag behind current price movements.\", \"content_markdown\": \"# Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross\\n\\nA moving average is a trend indicator that smooths price movements by averaging prices over a specified period. Rather than looking only for a golden cross, a more accurate way to interpret what moving averages actually show is to examine them in this order: **price position → moving average slope → relationship between short-term and long-term averages → confirmation from other price and trading information**.\\n\\n![Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the key difference between SMA and EMA: the weight assigned to recent prices](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_3_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nBecause moving averages are calculated from historical prices, they move more slowly than prices themselves. Therefore, a particular crossover does not guarantee that prices will subsequently rise or fall.\\n\\n## What Does a Moving Average Calculate?\\n\\nA simple moving average (SMA) is calculated by adding prices over a specified period and dividing the total by the number of periods.\\n\\n![Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic summarizing the key concepts](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nFor example, if the most recent 5 closing prices are KRW 10,000, KRW 10,200, KRW 10,100, KRW 10,400, and KRW 10,300, the 5-period SMA is calculated as follows.\\n\\n(10,000 + 10,200 + 10,100 + 10,400 + 10,300) ÷ 5 = **KRW 10,200**\\n\\nOn the next trading day, the oldest price is removed from the calculation and a new price is added. A moving average line is created by continuously repeating this calculation and plotting the results on a chart.\\n\\nThe longer the selected period, the smoother the representation of price movements, but the slower the response to current price changes. Conversely, a shorter-period moving average follows recent prices more quickly but is also more sensitive to short-term fluctuations.\\n\\n## The Difference Between SMA and EMA Is the Weight Assigned to Recent Prices\\n\\nAn SMA assigns equal weight to all prices included in the calculation period.\\n\\n![Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the first step: examining the positions of price and the moving average](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nAn exponential moving average (EMA) assigns greater weight to recent prices. As a result, when the same period is used, an EMA generally responds more quickly to recent price changes than an SMA.\\n\\nHowever, this does not mean that an EMA is necessarily superior to an SMA. A faster response may help identify trend changes earlier, but it can also make the indicator more sensitive to short-term price movements.\\n\\nRather than automatically choosing an EMA for short-term trading or an SMA for long-term investing, it is important to apply consistent criteria that match your analysis timeframe and the frequency of signals you want to examine.\\n\\n## First, Examine the Position of Price Relative to the Moving Average\\n\\n\\nThe first thing to check when analyzing a moving average is whether the current price is above or below the line.\\n\\n![Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nThe fact that a price is above its moving average does not, by itself, confirm an uptrend. You also need to examine the direction in which the moving average itself is moving.\\n\\nFor example, if the price is above the moving average and the moving average is also rising, you can examine whether the relationship between the current price and the recent average price reflects an upward trend.\\n\\nConversely, if the price is below the moving average and the moving average is also declining, this provides evidence of a downward price trend.\\n\\nThe important distinction here is to **evaluate a price breakout and the direction of the moving average separately**. A single day's price movement does not necessarily mean that the moving average's trend has also changed.\\n\\n## Second, Check the Slope of the Moving Average\\n\\nEven when examining the same moving average, a rising line and a falling line have different implications.\\n\\n![Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nA rising moving average reflects a pattern in which newly included prices push the average higher relative to the prices previously used in the calculation. A falling moving average reflects the opposite pattern.\\n\\nTherefore, rather than ending the analysis with the observation that \\\"the stock price has crossed above the 20-day moving average,\\\" it is better to determine whether the 20-day moving average itself is rising, flat, or falling.\\n\\nDuring a sideways market, prices may repeatedly cross above and below the same moving average. Interpreting every crossover as an independent trend reversal can produce an excessive number of signals.\\n\\n## Third, Examine the Relationship Between Short-Term and Long-Term Moving Averages\\n\\nUsing moving averages with different periods allows you to compare short-term price movements with longer-term trends.\\n\\n![Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the second step: checking the slope of the moving average](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_5_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nWhen a short-term moving average crosses above a long-term moving average from below, the crossover is used as a bullish signal. Conversely, when a short-term moving average crosses below a long-term moving average from above, it is used as a bearish signal.\\n\\nWhat matters here is not so much the specific combination of periods as **how much faster the shorter-term average changes direction than the longer-term average**.\\n\\nA shorter-period moving average follows prices more quickly, while a longer-period moving average moves more slowly. If the direction of prices changes sufficiently, the relative positions of the two averages may reverse, producing a crossover.\\n\\nTherefore, a crossover is not a signal that predicts the future before prices change. Instead, it is closer to a method of reconfirming price changes that have already occurred by comparing averages calculated over different periods.\\n\\n## A Golden Cross Does Not Automatically Confirm an Uptrend\\n\\nA moving average crossover is one way to examine the possibility of a trend change, not a signal that determines future prices with certainty.\\n\\n![Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nBecause moving averages are calculated from historical prices, they are inherently lagging indicators. Prices move first, and only after those movements are reflected in the calculated averages do the moving average lines respond.\\n\\nIn periods when price direction changes frequently, such as sideways markets, short-term and long-term moving averages may cross repeatedly.\\n\\nTherefore, rather than making decisions based solely on a crossover, it is necessary to examine whether prices have actually broken through important price levels and whether other information, such as trading volume, supports the same direction.\\n\\n## Moving Averages Should Not Be Treated as Fixed Price Levels When Used as Support or Resistance\\n\\nTraders sometimes use moving averages to analyze situations in which a price decline stops near a rising moving average or a price increase slows near a falling moving average.\\n\\nHowever, a moving average is not a fixed number. Its value changes whenever a new price enters the calculation.\\n\\nTherefore, it is inappropriate to regard a moving average as an absolute line at which prices must rebound or decline. Its interpretation as support or resistance can become particularly unclear for stocks whose prices repeatedly cross their moving averages or during sideways markets.\\n\\n## Moving Average Periods Should Match the Investor's Analysis Timeframe\\n\\nA shorter moving average period responds more quickly to recent prices, while a longer period smooths out more short-term fluctuations.\\n\\nFor example, a 10-period moving average and a 200-period moving average represent substantially different time horizons, even when displayed on the same chart.\\n\\nTherefore, instead of assuming that one particular period is always the most accurate, you should first decide whether you want to analyze short-term, medium-term, or long-term price movements.\\n\\nA 20-day moving average on a daily chart and a 20-period moving average on a 1-hour chart do not have the same meaning. Although both use 20 price observations, one is based on trading days and the other on hourly intervals.\\n\\n## Reading a Real Chart Becomes Easier With Four Steps\\n\\nDisplaying multiple moving averages can quickly make a chart complicated. Breaking the analysis into the following steps makes it easier to distinguish the role of each line.\\n\\n1. **Current Price Position**\\nCheck whether the price is above or below the moving average you are using as a reference.\\n\\n2. **Direction of the Moving Average**\\nCheck whether the line is rising, falling, or nearly horizontal.\\n\\n3. **Relationship Between Different Periods**\\nCheck the relative positions of the short-term and long-term moving averages and whether they have crossed recently.\\n\\n4. **Confirmation Using Price and Other Information**\\nExamine additional information beyond moving averages, such as whether important price levels have been broken and what trading volume indicates.\\n\\nFollowing this sequence makes it easier to understand the environment in which the current price is moving than simply searching for a golden cross.\\n\\n## Common Mistakes in Moving Average Analysis\\n\\nThe first mistake is assuming that moving averages predict future prices. Moving averages are indicators derived from price data that has already been recorded.\\n\\nThe second is treating a single crossover as a definitive, independent buy or sell signal. Because moving averages lag behind prices, their signals may appear after actual price peaks or troughs.\\n\\nThe third is repeatedly changing the calculation periods to find the combination that fits historical charts best. A combination that worked well during a past period is not guaranteed to produce the same results in the future.\\n\\nThe fourth is ignoring the timeframe. Even if a short-term moving average indicates an upward trend, a different trend direction may still prevail over a longer period.\\n\\n## The Main Value of Moving Averages Is Structuring Trends, Not Generating Signals\\n\\nThe advantage of moving average analysis is that it smooths complex price movements into average values, making trends easier to compare.\\n\\nHowever, because the calculation depends on historical prices, the indicator inevitably has a lagging limitation. Even an EMA, which is more sensitive to recent prices, does not eliminate this limitation.\\n\\nFor this reason, moving averages are best used as **tools for examining price position, line direction, and the relationships between moving averages of different periods in a systematic sequence**.\\n\\nGolden crosses and death crosses are simply phenomena that occur within this process. Neither a particular crossover nor historical performance can guarantee future returns. Actual investment decisions must also separately consider the investment horizon and the possibility of losses.\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular stock or asset. Final investment decisions and responsibility rest with the individual investor.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [How to Identify Medium- to Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: 50-Day and 200-Day Moving Averages and Confirmation Conditions](https://neoai.kr/news/article/emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-50일200일선과-확인-조건-ff5a3b54)\\n- [How to Interpret Rising and Falling Markets Using the Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction](https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표거래량rsi로-상승-하락을-읽는-법-세-지표가-같은-방향일-때-봐야-할-것-cea247be)\\n- [How to Identify a Stock Market Bottom: 4 Signals to Check Before RSI 30](https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-바닥-구분방법-rsi-30보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-신호-c978613e)\\n- [How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles](https://neoai.kr/news/article/캔들-보는-방법-양봉음봉보다-먼저-시가종가꼬리를-읽는-순서-2bd42cbc)\", \"image_alt\": \"Informational thumbnail explaining 4 key points to check before a golden cross when analyzing moving averages\", \"tags\": [\"Moving Averages\", \"Analysis Techniques\", \"Golden Cross\", \"Things to Check\", \"Four Key Points\", \"Regular Intervals\", \"Time Period\", \"Price Averaging\", \"Smoothing\", \"Visualization\", \"Trends\", \"Indicators\", \"Korean Stocks and Stock Markets\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eMoving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003eA moving average is a trend indicator that smooths price movements by averaging prices over a specified period. Rather than looking only for a golden cross, a more accurate way to interpret what moving averages actually show is to examine them in this order: \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eprice position → moving average slope → relationship between short-term and long-term averages → confirmation from other price and trading information\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_3_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the key difference between SMA and EMA: the weight assigned to recent prices\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eMoving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the key difference between SMA and EMA: the weight assigned to recent prices\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBecause moving averages are calculated from historical prices, they move more slowly than prices themselves. Therefore, a particular crossover does not guarantee that prices will subsequently rise or fall.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhat Does a Moving Average Calculate?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eA simple moving average (SMA) is calculated by adding prices over a specified period and dividing the total by the number of periods.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic summarizing the key concepts\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eMoving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic summarizing the key concepts\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the most recent 5 closing prices are KRW 10,000, KRW 10,200, KRW 10,100, KRW 10,400, and KRW 10,300, the 5-period SMA is calculated as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e(10,000 + 10,200 + 10,100 + 10,400 + 10,300) ÷ 5 = \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eKRW 10,200\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eOn the next trading day, the oldest price is removed from the calculation and a new price is added. A moving average line is created by continuously repeating this calculation and plotting the results on a chart.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe longer the selected period, the smoother the representation of price movements, but the slower the response to current price changes. Conversely, a shorter-period moving average follows recent prices more quickly but is also more sensitive to short-term fluctuations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe Difference Between SMA and EMA Is the Weight Assigned to Recent Prices\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eAn SMA assigns equal weight to all prices included in the calculation period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the first step: examining the positions of price and the moving average\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eMoving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the first step: examining the positions of price and the moving average\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eAn exponential moving average (EMA) assigns greater weight to recent prices. As a result, when the same period is used, an EMA generally responds more quickly to recent price changes than an SMA.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, this does not mean that an EMA is necessarily superior to an SMA. A faster response may help identify trend changes earlier, but it can also make the indicator more sensitive to short-term price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eRather than automatically choosing an EMA for short-term trading or an SMA for long-term investing, it is important to apply consistent criteria that match your analysis timeframe and the frequency of signals you want to examine.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eFirst, Examine the Position of Price Relative to the Moving Average\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eThe first thing to check when analyzing a moving average is whether the current price is above or below the line.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eMoving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that a price is above its moving average does not, by itself, confirm an uptrend. You also need to examine the direction in which the moving average itself is moving.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the price is above the moving average and the moving average is also rising, you can examine whether the relationship between the current price and the recent average price reflects an upward trend.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the price is below the moving average and the moving average is also declining, this provides evidence of a downward price trend.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe important distinction here is to \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eevaluate a price breakout and the direction of the moving average separately\u003c/strong\u003e. A single day\u0026#x27;s price movement does not necessarily mean that the moving average\u0026#x27;s trend has also changed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eSecond, Check the Slope of the Moving Average\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eEven when examining the same moving average, a rising line and a falling line have different implications.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eMoving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA rising moving average reflects a pattern in which newly included prices push the average higher relative to the prices previously used in the calculation. A falling moving average reflects the opposite pattern.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, rather than ending the analysis with the observation that \u0026quot;the stock price has crossed above the 20-day moving average,\u0026quot; it is better to determine whether the 20-day moving average itself is rising, flat, or falling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring a sideways market, prices may repeatedly cross above and below the same moving average. Interpreting every crossover as an independent trend reversal can produce an excessive number of signals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThird, Examine the Relationship Between Short-Term and Long-Term Moving Averages\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eUsing moving averages with different periods allows you to compare short-term price movements with longer-term trends.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_5_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the second step: checking the slope of the moving average\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eMoving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining the second step: checking the slope of the moving average\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a short-term moving average crosses above a long-term moving average from below, the crossover is used as a bullish signal. Conversely, when a short-term moving average crosses below a long-term moving average from above, it is used as a bearish signal.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhat matters here is not so much the specific combination of periods as \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ehow much faster the shorter-term average changes direction than the longer-term average\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA shorter-period moving average follows prices more quickly, while a longer-period moving average moves more slowly. If the direction of prices changes sufficiently, the relative positions of the two averages may reverse, producing a crossover.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, a crossover is not a signal that predicts the future before prices change. Instead, it is closer to a method of reconfirming price changes that have already occurred by comparing averages calculated over different periods.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eA Golden Cross Does Not Automatically Confirm an Uptrend\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eA moving average crossover is one way to examine the possibility of a trend change, not a signal that determines future prices with certainty.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p824_c7376e38355aa399_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Moving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eMoving Average Analysis: 4 Things to Check Before a Golden Cross - Infographic explaining what moving averages calculate\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBecause moving averages are calculated from historical prices, they are inherently lagging indicators. Prices move first, and only after those movements are reflected in the calculated averages do the moving average lines respond.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn periods when price direction changes frequently, such as sideways markets, short-term and long-term moving averages may cross repeatedly.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, rather than making decisions based solely on a crossover, it is necessary to examine whether prices have actually broken through important price levels and whether other information, such as trading volume, supports the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eMoving Averages Should Not Be Treated as Fixed Price Levels When Used as Support or Resistance\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eTraders sometimes use moving averages to analyze situations in which a price decline stops near a rising moving average or a price increase slows near a falling moving average.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a moving average is not a fixed number. Its value changes whenever a new price enters the calculation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, it is inappropriate to regard a moving average as an absolute line at which prices must rebound or decline. Its interpretation as support or resistance can become particularly unclear for stocks whose prices repeatedly cross their moving averages or during sideways markets.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eMoving Average Periods Should Match the Investor\u0026#x27;s Analysis Timeframe\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eA shorter moving average period responds more quickly to recent prices, while a longer period smooths out more short-term fluctuations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, a 10-period moving average and a 200-period moving average represent substantially different time horizons, even when displayed on the same chart.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, instead of assuming that one particular period is always the most accurate, you should first decide whether you want to analyze short-term, medium-term, or long-term price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA 20-day moving average on a daily chart and a 20-period moving average on a 1-hour chart do not have the same meaning. Although both use 20 price observations, one is based on trading days and the other on hourly intervals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eReading a Real Chart Becomes Easier With Four Steps\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eDisplaying multiple moving averages can quickly make a chart complicated. Breaking the analysis into the following steps makes it easier to distinguish the role of each line.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eCurrent Price Position\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eCheck whether the price is above or below the moving average you are using as a reference.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eDirection of the Moving Average\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eCheck whether the line is rising, falling, or nearly horizontal.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eRelationship Between Different Periods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eCheck the relative positions of the short-term and long-term moving averages and whether they have crossed recently.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eConfirmation Using Price and Other Information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eExamine additional information beyond moving averages, such as whether important price levels have been broken and what trading volume indicates.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this sequence makes it easier to understand the environment in which the current price is moving than simply searching for a golden cross.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eCommon Mistakes in Moving Average Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThe first mistake is assuming that moving averages predict future prices. Moving averages are indicators derived from price data that has already been recorded.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe second is treating a single crossover as a definitive, independent buy or sell signal. Because moving averages lag behind prices, their signals may appear after actual price peaks or troughs.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe third is repeatedly changing the calculation periods to find the combination that fits historical charts best. A combination that worked well during a past period is not guaranteed to produce the same results in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe fourth is ignoring the timeframe. Even if a short-term moving average indicates an upward trend, a different trend direction may still prevail over a longer period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe Main Value of Moving Averages Is Structuring Trends, Not Generating Signals\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe advantage of moving average analysis is that it smooths complex price movements into average values, making trends easier to compare.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, because the calculation depends on historical prices, the indicator inevitably has a lagging limitation. Even an EMA, which is more sensitive to recent prices, does not eliminate this limitation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor this reason, moving averages are best used as \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003etools for examining price position, line direction, and the relationships between moving averages of different periods in a systematic sequence\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eGolden crosses and death crosses are simply phenomena that occur within this process. Neither a particular crossover nor historical performance can guarantee future returns. Actual investment decisions must also separately consider the investment horizon and the possibility of losses.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular stock or asset. Final investment decisions and responsibility rest with the individual investor.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-50일200일선과-확인-조건-ff5a3b54\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Medium- to Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: 50-Day and 200-Day Moving Averages and Confirmation Conditions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표거래량rsi로-상승-하락을-읽는-법-세-지표가-같은-방향일-때-봐야-할-것-cea247be\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Interpret Rising and Falling Markets Using the Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp 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true, \"natural_keyword_density\": true, \"low_sentence_repetition\": true, \"natural_emphasis\": true, \"has_kst_basis_date\": false, \"no_generic_repeated_phrases\": true, \"specific_section_headings\": true, \"data_is_easy_to_scan\": true, \"no_forbidden_words\": true, \"title_not_clickbait\": true, \"condition_clarity\": true, \"entity_clarity\": true, \"source_signal\": true, \"visual_accessibility\": true, \"feed_visual_ratio_ready\": false}, \"forbidden_hits\": [], \"content_quality_score\": 80, \"platform_fit_score\": 87, \"cross_platform_visibility_score\": 86, \"visibility_scores\": {\"google_search\": 92, \"google_discover\": 78, \"google_news\": 84, \"google_ai_summary\": 90, \"naver_search\": 90, \"naver_home_feed\": 89}, \"platform_scores\": {\"google_search\": 92, \"google_discover\": 78, \"google_news\": 84, \"google_ai_summary\": 90, \"naver_search\": 90, \"naver_home_feed\": 89}, \"content_quality_checks\": {\"search_intent\": true, \"originality_information_gain\": true, \"facts_sources_freshness\": false, \"expertise_trust\": true, \"structure_readability\": true, \"technical_searchability\": true, \"visual_accessibility\": true}, \"score_meaning\": \"internal_publish_readiness_not_ranking_probability\", \"visibility_score_meaning\": \"internal_multi_surface_readiness_not_impression_probability\", \"information_gain_groups\": 4, \"has_visual_asset\": true, \"selected_thumbnail_aspect_ratio\": \"1:1\", \"feed_visual_ratio_ready\": false, \"source_verification_count\": 0, \"blocking_flags\": [], \"quality_flags\": [\"missing_kst_basis_date\", \"section_fit\"], \"metrics\": {\"paragraph_count\": 63, \"sentence_count\": 72, \"duplicate_sentence_ratio\": 0.0, \"focus_keyword_count\": 66, \"focus_per_1000_chars\": 11.61, \"emphasis_count\": 9, \"date_basis\": false, \"first_paragraph_length\": 168, \"unique_element\": true, \"generic_opening_hits\": 0, \"section_count\": 12, \"table_count\": 0, \"profile\": {\"min_body\": 550, \"max_body\": 7500, 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#4가지 #일정 #기간 #평균해 #부드럽게 #보여주 #추세 #지표 #국내주식증시", "seo": {"score": 90, "focus_keyword": "이동평균선", "platform": "auto", "platform_label": "자동 선택", "intent_type": "auto", "intent_label": "자동 분석", "content_mode": "basic", "checks": {"title_length": true, "summary_length": true, "body_length_for_platform": true, "opening_answers_intent": true, "section_fit_for_platform": false, "paragraph_structure": true, "has_unique_element": true, "information_gain_2plus": true, "has_caution": true, "tag_balance": true, "focus_relevance": true, "natural_keyword_density": true, "low_sentence_repetition": true, "natural_emphasis": true, "has_kst_basis_date": false, "no_generic_repeated_phrases": true, "specific_section_headings": true, "data_is_easy_to_scan": true, "no_forbidden_words": true, "title_not_clickbait": true, "condition_clarity": true, "entity_clarity": true, "source_signal": true, "visual_accessibility": true, "feed_visual_ratio_ready": false}, "forbidden_hits": [], "content_quality_score": 80, 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RSI 70과 30을 매도·매수 버튼처럼 보면 안 된다 핵심 내용을 정리한 정보형 이미지\", \"section\": \"RSI 70과 30을 매도·매수 버튼처럼 보면 안 된다\", \"line_index\": 2, \"insert_after_line_index\": 2, \"role\": \"body\", \"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"api_used\": false}, {\"url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_5_s1080.jpg\", \"download_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_5_s1080.jpg?download=1\", \"alt\": \"일목균형표·거래량·RSI로 상승 하락을 읽는 법, 세 지표가 같은 방향일 때 봐야 할 것 - 세 지표는 ‘방향 → 힘 → 모멘텀’ 순서로 보면 단순해진다 핵심 내용을 정리한 정보형 이미지\", \"section\": \"세 지표는 ‘방향 → 힘 → 모멘텀’ 순서로 보면 단순해진다\", \"line_index\": 9, \"insert_after_line_index\": 9, \"role\": \"body\", \"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"api_used\": false}, {\"url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_5_s1080.jpg\", \"download_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_5_s1080.jpg?download=1\", \"alt\": \"일목균형표·거래량·RSI로 상승 하락을 읽는 법, 세 지표가 같은 방향일 때 봐야 할 것 - 세 지표는 ‘방향 → 힘 → 모멘텀’ 순서로 보면 단순해진다 핵심 내용을 정리한 정보형 이미지\", \"section\": \"세 지표는 ‘방향 → 힘 → 모멘텀’ 순서로 보면 단순해진다\", \"line_index\": 26, \"insert_after_line_index\": 26, \"role\": \"body\", \"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"api_used\": false}, {\"url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_6_s1080.jpg\", \"download_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_6_s1080.jpg?download=1\", \"alt\": \"일목균형표·거래량·RSI로 상승 하락을 읽는 법, 세 지표가 같은 방향일 때 봐야 할 것 - 상승 쪽 신호가 겹치는 모습은 어떻게 볼까 핵심 내용을 정리한 정보형 이미지\", \"section\": \"상승 쪽 신호가 겹치는 모습은 어떻게 볼까\", \"line_index\": 42, \"insert_after_line_index\": 42, \"role\": \"body\", \"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"api_used\": false}, {\"url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_4_s1080.jpg\", \"download_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_4_s1080.jpg?download=1\", \"alt\": \"일목균형표·거래량·RSI로 상승 하락을 읽는 법, 세 지표가 같은 방향일 때 봐야 할 것 - RSI 70과 30을 매도·매수 버튼처럼 보면 안 된다 핵심 내용을 정리한 정보형 이미지\", \"section\": \"RSI 70과 30을 매도·매수 버튼처럼 보면 안 된다\", \"line_index\": 58, \"insert_after_line_index\": 58, \"role\": \"body\", \"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"api_used\": false}, {\"url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_7_s1080.jpg\", \"download_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_7_s1080.jpg?download=1\", \"alt\": \"일목균형표·거래량·RSI로 상승 하락을 읽는 법, 세 지표가 같은 방향일 때 봐야 할 것 - 하락 쪽 신호도 같은 원리로 확인한다 핵심 내용을 정리한 정보형 이미지\", \"section\": \"하락 쪽 신호도 같은 원리로 확인한다\", \"line_index\": 74, \"insert_after_line_index\": 74, \"role\": \"body\", \"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"api_used\": false}, {\"url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_1_s1080.jpg\", \"download_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_1_s1080.jpg?download=1\", \"alt\": \"일목균형표·거래량·RSI로 상승 하락을 읽는 법, 세 지표가 같은 방향일 때 봐야 할 것 - 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However, even when all three indicators point upward, that does not guarantee that prices will rise next. Technical indicators are not predictors that guarantee future prices, but tools for interpreting price and trading data accumulated so far\", \"content_markdown\": \"# How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction\\n\\nUsing Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI together allows you to assess the direction of the current trend, the strength behind price movements, and momentum conditions from different perspectives. However, even when all three indicators point upward, that does not guarantee that prices will rise next. It is more accurate to regard technical indicators as tools for interpreting price and trading data accumulated so far rather than predictors that guarantee future prices.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image explaining why RSI 70 and 30 should not be treated as automatic sell or buy signals](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nAs of 2026-09-26, the most practical approach is to **first identify the trend direction using Ichimoku Cloud → assess the strength of the move through trading volume → evaluate momentum and overbought or oversold conditions using RSI**.\\n\\n## Ichimoku Cloud: Start by Identifying the Overall Trend Direction\\n\\nIchimoku Cloud is a technical analysis indicator designed to display support, resistance, momentum, and trends on a single chart.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image explaining how the three indicators become easier to interpret in the order of direction, strength, and momentum](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_5_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nIts basic components are the Conversion Line (Tenkan-sen), Base Line (Kijun-sen), Leading Span A (Senkou Span A), Leading Span B (Senkou Span B), and Lagging Span (Chikou Span). The area between Leading Spans A and B is commonly called the cloud.\\n\\nThe first step is to compare the price position with the cloud.\\n\\nWhen the price is above the cloud, it is generally interpreted as indicating an upward trend. When the price is below the cloud, it is generally interpreted as indicating a downward trend. If the price is inside the cloud, it is better to view the market as an area where the direction has not been sufficiently confirmed rather than simply classifying it as bullish or bearish.\\n\\nThe Conversion Line and Base Line can also be examined together. When the Conversion Line moves above the Base Line and the price and both lines are positioned above the cloud, additional conditions supporting a bullish interpretation are present. Conversely, when the Conversion Line falls below the Base Line and the price and both lines are below the cloud, additional conditions supporting a bearish interpretation are present.\\n\\nThere is one important point to remember.\\n\\nThe fact that Leading Spans A and B are displayed in the future portion of the chart does not mean that future prices have already been calculated. The basic Ichimoku calculations use historical and current high, low, and closing price information.\\n\\n## Trading Volume: Assess How Much Strength Is Behind Price Movements\\n\\nThere is a reason to examine trading volume separately, even when Ichimoku Cloud indicates an upward trend. Trading volume represents how many shares were actually traded during a given period and can serve as supporting information when assessing the strength of price movements.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image explaining how the three indicators become easier to interpret in the order of direction, strength, and momentum](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_5_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nRather than simply checking whether trading volume is higher than the previous day, it is useful to examine **whether volume has increased significantly compared with its recent average**.\\n\\nFor example, if the price breaks above an important resistance area while trading volume also increases noticeably above its usual level, that provides additional evidence supporting the price movement. Conversely, if the price breaks through resistance without a clear increase in trading volume, there is reason to interpret the same breakout more cautiously.\\n\\nThe same principle applies to declines. If the price breaks below a support area with higher-than-usual trading volume, that provides information for assessing whether the downward movement has significant strength behind it.\\n\\nHowever, high trading volume alone should not be interpreted as a bullish signal. A surge in trading volume may accompany a strong price movement, but it can also occur when a trend is becoming exhausted. Volume may also spike for other reasons, such as market openings, closings, or major announcements.\\n\\nTherefore, the role of trading volume is not to determine direction independently, but rather **to examine whether the price direction indicated by Ichimoku Cloud is also supported by actual trading activity**.\\n\\n## Do Not Treat RSI 70 and 30 as Automatic Sell or Buy Signals\\n\\n\\nThe Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements. It fluctuates between 0 and 100.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image explaining how to interpret overlapping bullish signals](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_6_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nTraditionally, an RSI above 70 is interpreted as overbought, while an RSI below 30 is interpreted as oversold.\\n\\nThis is where a common mistake occurs.\\n\\nAn RSI reading above 70 does not mean that prices will immediately fall, and a reading below 30 does not mean that prices will immediately rise. During strong trends, RSI can remain in overbought or oversold territory for a considerable period.\\n\\nThat is why it is important to interpret RSI alongside the prevailing trend rather than relying on a single RSI value.\\n\\nDuring an uptrend, RSI may remain in a relatively high range, while during a downtrend, it may remain in a lower range. Divergences are also used to identify potential signs of a directional change. These include situations where the price reaches a new high but RSI fails to exceed its previous high, or where the price reaches a new low while RSI forms a higher low.\\n\\n## The Three Indicators Become Easier to Interpret in the Order of Direction → Strength → Momentum\\n\\n\\nDisplaying all three indicators simultaneously and trying to interpret every line at once can actually make analysis more difficult.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image explaining why RSI 70 and 30 should not be treated as automatic sell or buy signals](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nFirst, use Ichimoku Cloud to determine whether the price is above, inside, or below the cloud. This establishes the overall direction of the current trend.\\n\\nNext, examine trading volume. Compare the volume accompanying a price breakout or breakdown with its recent typical level to see whether it has increased.\\n\\nFinally, check RSI. Examine whether RSI is moving in the same direction as the price, whether it has entered overbought or oversold territory, and whether the price and RSI are moving in different directions.\\n\\n\\nBy separating the roles of these three indicators, you are combining different types of information rather than checking the same information three times.\\n\\n\\n## How Should Overlapping Bullish Signals Be Interpreted?\\n\\n\\nConsider the following example.\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image explaining how bearish signals can be assessed using the same principles](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_7_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nThe price is above the cloud, and the Conversion Line is above the Base Line. As the price breaks through a resistance area, trading volume increases above its usual level. RSI also moves in the same direction as the rising price.\\n\\nIn this situation, Ichimoku Cloud confirms an upward trend, trading volume supports the strength of the price movement, and RSI indicates bullish momentum.\\n\\nHowever, even this combination is not a definitive signal that prices will rise in the future.\\n\\nIn particular, a high RSI reading alone should not be taken as confirmation that the uptrend will continue. Conversely, an RSI reading above 70 should not automatically be interpreted as an immediate signal of a decline. What matters is not simply adding up the readings of the three indicators, but determining whether the different roles of each indicator produce conflicting signals.\\n\\n## Bearish Signals Can Be Assessed Using the Same Principles\\n\\n![How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nConsider a situation where the price is below the cloud and the Conversion Line is below the Base Line.\\n\\n\\nIf the price also breaks below a major support area with increasing trading volume, while RSI indicates weak momentum, the conditions supporting a bearish interpretation overlap across different indicators.\\n\\nConversely, if the price is falling but trading volume is declining and RSI is showing a different pattern from the price, it becomes difficult to predict the next movement based solely on the downward trend.\\n\\nIn other words, the purpose of using these three indicators together is not to count signals and make buy or sell decisions. Instead, it is **to distinguish whether different types of signals confirm the same direction or contradict one another.**\\n\\n## The Most Caution Is Needed When Signals Conflict\\n\\nOn actual charts, the three indicators do not always point neatly in the same direction.\\n\\nThe price may be above the cloud while trading volume is declining. Ichimoku Cloud may indicate an uptrend while RSI shows weakening momentum. Conversely, even when RSI is in oversold territory, the price may continue falling below the cloud.\\n\\nThere is no need to force these combinations into either a bullish or bearish category.\\n\\nThe fact that signals conflict can itself provide useful information, indicating that the current chart does not offer sufficient confirmation of a single direction.\\n\\nIn particular, during sideways markets, signals from trend indicators and momentum indicators can repeatedly reverse. It is therefore important not to rely on a single crossover or one RSI reading.\\n\\n## How to Apply This Approach to an Actual Chart\\n\\nRather than performing complicated calculations, a simple method is to apply the following sequence repeatedly to the same chart.\\n\\n1. Check whether the price is above, inside, or below the Ichimoku cloud.\\n2. Examine the relative positions of the Conversion Line and Base Line.\\n3. Check whether the price has broken above important resistance or below important support.\\n4. Determine whether trading volume during that movement increased above its recent average.\\n5. Check whether RSI is moving in the same direction as the price.\\n6. Do not assume a reversal is certain based solely on RSI overbought or oversold readings.\\n7. If the three indicators conflict, do not force a directional conclusion.\\n\\nThe key to this approach is not using as many indicators as possible. It is **assigning distinct roles: Ichimoku Cloud for the trend, trading volume for the strength of the movement, and RSI for momentum**.\\n\\nEven when all three indicators point in the same direction, future prices cannot be determined with certainty. Technical analysis uses historical and current market data to assess present conditions and possible scenarios. New information, including corporate earnings, regulatory disclosures, market conditions, and news, can change price direction.\\n\\nTherefore, the combination of Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI is best used **as a way to assess how much supporting confirmation exists for a current upward or downward price movement**, rather than as a formula for identifying stocks that will rise tomorrow. Investing involves the risk of losing principal, and technical analysis should not be the sole basis for investment decisions.\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular stock or asset. All final investment decisions and responsibilities rest with the individual investor.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [How to Read Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Looking at the Cloud](https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표-보는-방법-구름대보다-먼저-봐야-할-5가지-c227d1d1)\\n- [How to Identify a Stock Market Bottom: 4 Signals to Check Before RSI 30](https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-바닥-구분방법-rsi-30보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-신호-c978613e)\\n- [How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: 50-Day and 200-Day Moving Averages and Confirmation Conditions](https://neoai.kr/news/article/emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-50일200일선과-확인-조건-ff5a3b54)\\n- [How to Read Candlestick Charts: What Opening Prices, Closing Prices, and Wicks Reveal About Price Movements](https://neoai.kr/news/article/캔들-보는-방법-시가종가와-꼬리로-알-수-있는-가격-움직임-d754e805)\", \"image_alt\": \"Informational thumbnail summarizing how to interpret uptrends and downtrends using Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI, and what to look for when all three indicators point in the same direction\", \"tags\": [\"Ichimoku Cloud\", \"Trading Volume\", \"RSI\", \"Uptrend\", \"Downtrend\", \"Indicators\", \"Same Direction\", \"What to Watch\", \"Combined Analysis\", \"Trend\", \"Direction\", \"Price Movement\", \"Korean Stocks and Stock Market\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003eUsing Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI together allows you to assess the direction of the current trend, the strength behind price movements, and momentum conditions from different perspectives. However, even when all three indicators point upward, that does not guarantee that prices will rise next. It is more accurate to regard technical indicators as tools for interpreting price and trading data accumulated so far rather than predictors that guarantee future prices.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eAs of 2026-09-26, the most practical approach is to \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003efirst identify the trend direction using Ichimoku Cloud → assess the strength of the move through trading volume → evaluate momentum and overbought or oversold conditions using RSI\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eIchimoku Cloud: Start by Identifying the Overall Trend Direction\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eIchimoku Cloud is a technical analysis indicator designed to display support, resistance, momentum, and trends on a single chart.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_5_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIts basic components are the Conversion Line (Tenkan-sen), Base Line (Kijun-sen), Leading Span A (Senkou Span A), Leading Span B (Senkou Span B), and Lagging Span (Chikou Span). The area between Leading Spans A and B is commonly called the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe first step is to compare the price position with the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the price is above the cloud, it is generally interpreted as indicating an upward trend. When the price is below the cloud, it is generally interpreted as indicating a downward trend. If the price is inside the cloud, it is better to view the market as an area where the direction has not been sufficiently confirmed rather than simply classifying it as bullish or bearish.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Conversion Line and Base Line can also be examined together. When the Conversion Line moves above the Base Line and the price and both lines are positioned above the cloud, additional conditions supporting a bullish interpretation are present. Conversely, when the Conversion Line falls below the Base Line and the price and both lines are below the cloud, additional conditions supporting a bearish interpretation are present.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThere is one important point to remember.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that Leading Spans A and B are displayed in the future portion of the chart does not mean that future prices have already been calculated. The basic Ichimoku calculations use historical and current high, low, and closing price information.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eTrading Volume: Assess How Much Strength Is Behind Price Movements\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThere is a reason to examine trading volume separately, even when Ichimoku Cloud indicates an upward trend. Trading volume represents how many shares were actually traded during a given period and can serve as supporting information when assessing the strength of price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_5_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eRather than simply checking whether trading volume is higher than the previous day, it is useful to examine \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhether volume has increased significantly compared with its recent average\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the price breaks above an important resistance area while trading volume also increases noticeably above its usual level, that provides additional evidence supporting the price movement. Conversely, if the price breaks through resistance without a clear increase in trading volume, there is reason to interpret the same breakout more cautiously.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe same principle applies to declines. If the price breaks below a support area with higher-than-usual trading volume, that provides information for assessing whether the downward movement has significant strength behind it.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, high trading volume alone should not be interpreted as a bullish signal. A surge in trading volume may accompany a strong price movement, but it can also occur when a trend is becoming exhausted. Volume may also spike for other reasons, such as market openings, closings, or major announcements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, the role of trading volume is not to determine direction independently, but rather \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eto examine whether the price direction indicated by Ichimoku Cloud is also supported by actual trading activity\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eDo Not Treat RSI 70 and 30 as Automatic Sell or Buy Signals\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eThe Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements. It fluctuates between 0 and 100.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_6_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTraditionally, an RSI above 70 is interpreted as overbought, while an RSI below 30 is interpreted as oversold.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThis is where a common mistake occurs.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eAn RSI reading above 70 does not mean that prices will immediately fall, and a reading below 30 does not mean that prices will immediately rise. During strong trends, RSI can remain in overbought or oversold territory for a considerable period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThat is why it is important to interpret RSI alongside the prevailing trend rather than relying on a single RSI value.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring an uptrend, RSI may remain in a relatively high range, while during a downtrend, it may remain in a lower range. Divergences are also used to identify potential signs of a directional change. These include situations where the price reaches a new high but RSI fails to exceed its previous high, or where the price reaches a new low while RSI forms a higher low.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThe Three Indicators Become Easier to Interpret in the Order of Direction → Strength → Momentum\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eDisplaying all three indicators simultaneously and trying to interpret every line at once can actually make analysis more difficult.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, use Ichimoku Cloud to determine whether the price is above, inside, or below the cloud. This establishes the overall direction of the current trend.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eNext, examine trading volume. Compare the volume accompanying a price breakout or breakdown with its recent typical level to see whether it has increased.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, check RSI. Examine whether RSI is moving in the same direction as the price, whether it has entered overbought or oversold territory, and whether the price and RSI are moving in different directions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBy separating the roles of these three indicators, you are combining different types of information rather than checking the same information three times.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eHow Should Overlapping Bullish Signals Be Interpreted?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eConsider the following example.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_7_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe price is above the cloud, and the Conversion Line is above the Base Line. As the price breaks through a resistance area, trading volume increases above its usual level. RSI also moves in the same direction as the rising price.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn this situation, Ichimoku Cloud confirms an upward trend, trading volume supports the strength of the price movement, and RSI indicates bullish momentum.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, even this combination is not a definitive signal that prices will rise in the future.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn particular, a high RSI reading alone should not be taken as confirmation that the uptrend will continue. Conversely, an RSI reading above 70 should not automatically be interpreted as an immediate signal of a decline. What matters is not simply adding up the readings of the three indicators, but determining whether the different roles of each indicator produce conflicting signals.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eBearish Signals Can Be Assessed Using the Same Principles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p823_e7e776b807235802_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image s\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Uptrends and Downtrends Using Ichimoku Cloud, Trading Volume, and RSI: What to Look for When All Three Indicators Point in the Same Direction - An informational image s\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eConsider a situation where the price is below the cloud and the Conversion Line is below the Base Line.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf the price also breaks below a major support area with increasing trading volume, while RSI indicates weak momentum, the conditions supporting a bearish interpretation overlap across different indicators.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the price is falling but trading volume is declining and RSI is showing a different pattern from the price, it becomes difficult to predict the next movement based solely on the downward trend.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn other words, the purpose of using these three indicators together is not to count signals and make buy or sell decisions. Instead, it is \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eto distinguish whether different types of signals confirm the same direction or contradict one another.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThe Most Caution Is Needed When Signals Conflict\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eOn actual charts, the three indicators do not always point neatly in the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe price may be above the cloud while trading volume is declining. Ichimoku Cloud may indicate an uptrend while RSI shows weakening momentum. Conversely, even when RSI is in oversold territory, the price may continue falling below the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no need to force these combinations into either a bullish or bearish category.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe fact that signals conflict can itself provide useful information, indicating that the current chart does not offer sufficient confirmation of a single direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn particular, during sideways markets, signals from trend indicators and momentum indicators can repeatedly reverse. It is therefore important not to rely on a single crossover or one RSI reading.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eHow to Apply This Approach to an Actual Chart\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eRather than performing complicated calculations, a simple method is to apply the following sequence repeatedly to the same chart.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. Check whether the price is above, inside, or below the Ichimoku cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. Examine the relative positions of the Conversion Line and Base Line.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. Check whether the price has broken above important resistance or below important support.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. Determine whether trading volume during that movement increased above its recent average.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e5. Check whether RSI is moving in the same direction as the price.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e6. Do not assume a reversal is certain based solely on RSI overbought or oversold readings.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e7. If the three indicators conflict, do not force a directional conclusion.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe key to this approach is not using as many indicators as possible. It is \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eassigning distinct roles: Ichimoku Cloud for the trend, trading volume for the strength of the movement, and RSI for momentum\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eEven when all three indicators point in the same direction, future prices cannot be determined with certainty. Technical analysis uses historical and current market data to assess present conditions and possible scenarios. New information, including corporate earnings, regulatory disclosures, market conditions, and news, can change price direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, the combination of Ichimoku Cloud, trading volume, and RSI is best used \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eas a way to assess how much supporting confirmation exists for a current upward or downward price movement\u003c/strong\u003e, rather than as a formula for identifying stocks that will rise tomorrow. Investing involves the risk of losing principal, and technical analysis should not be the sole basis for investment decisions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular stock or asset. All final investment decisions and responsibilities rest with the individual investor.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/일목균형표-보는-방법-구름대보다-먼저-봐야-할-5가지-c227d1d1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Read Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Looking at the Cloud\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-바닥-구분방법-rsi-30보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-신호-c978613e\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Identify a Stock Market Bottom: 4 Signals to Check Before RSI 30\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-50일200일선과-확인-조건-ff5a3b54\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: 50-Day and 200-Day Moving Averages and Confirmation Conditions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/캔들-보는-방법-시가종가와-꼬리로-알-수-있는-가격-움직임-d754e805\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: What Opening Prices, Closing Prices, and Wicks Reveal About Price Movements\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\", \"status\": \"published\", \"source_hash\": \"67fb79c2cd0b465f432f25970807aeb4895b6d8eb98b362dc337690deac06c4c\", \"source_title\": \"일목균형표·거래량·RSI로 상승 하락을 읽는 법, 세 지표가 같은 방향일 때 봐야 할 것\", \"source_summary\": \"일목균형표·거래량·RSI를 함께 보면 현재 추세의 방향, 가격 움직임에 실린 힘, 모멘텀 상태를 서로 다른 각도에서 확인할 수 있습니다. 다만 세 지표가 모두 상승을 가리킨다고 다음 가격 상승이 확정되는 것은 아닙니다. 기술적 지표는 미래 가격을 보장하는 예측기가 아니라 현재까지 형성된 가격과 거래 데이터를 해석하는 도구\"}}", 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\"instagram_video_updated_at\": \"2026-09-26 12:45:12\", \"_english\": {\"title\": \"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud\", \"summary\": \"The Ichimoku Cloud is much easier to understand when you examine it in this order: whether the current price is above or below the cloud → the positions of the Conversion Line and Base Line → the direction of the Base Line → the Lagging Span → the leading cloud. The default settings are 9 periods for the Conversion Line, 26 periods for the Base Line, and 52 periods for Leading Span 2. The Leading Spans are plotted 26 periods ahead, while the Lagging Span plots the current closing price 26 periods in the past. When first looking at a chart\", \"content_markdown\": \"# How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud\\n\\nThe Ichimoku Cloud is much easier to understand when you examine it in this order: **whether the current price is above or below the cloud → the positions of the Conversion Line and Base Line → the direction of the Base Line → the Lagging Span → the leading cloud**. The default settings are 9 periods for the Conversion Line, 26 periods for the Base Line, and 52 periods for Leading Span 2. The Leading Spans are plotted 26 periods ahead, while the Lagging Span plots the current closing price 26 periods in the past.\\n\\n![How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nWhen you first open a chart, it is important not to try to interpret every line simultaneously. Instead, understand what each line calculates and then check whether they point in the same direction.\\n\\n## What Do the 5 Lines of the Ichimoku Cloud Represent?\\n\\nThe Ichimoku Cloud consists of the Conversion Line, Base Line, Lagging Span, Leading Span 1, and Leading Span 2. The shaded area between Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2 is commonly called the **cloud**.\\n\\n![How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nThe Conversion Line is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 9 periods.\\n\\n## Conversion Line = (Highest High Over the Last 9 Periods + Lowest Low Over the Last 9 Periods) ÷ 2\\n\\n![How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining the Conversion Line formula: (Highest High Over the Last 9 Periods + Lowest Low Over the Last 9 Periods) ÷ 2](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_3_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nThe Base Line is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 26 periods.\\n\\n![How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Base Line = (Highest High Over the Last 26 Periods + Lowest Low Over the Last 26 Periods) ÷ 2\\n\\nLeading Span 1 calculates the midpoint between the Conversion Line and Base Line and plots it 26 periods ahead.\\n\\n![How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining Leading Span 1 = (Conversion Line + Base Line) ÷ 2](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_5_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Leading Span 1 = (Conversion Line + Base Line) ÷ 2\\n\\nLeading Span 2 calculates the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 52 periods and plots it 26 periods ahead.\\n\\n![How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Leading Span 2 = (Highest High Over the Last 52 Periods + Lowest Low Over the Last 52 Periods) ÷ 2\\n\\nThe Lagging Span plots the current closing price 26 periods in the past.\\n\\n![How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining the Base Line formula: (Highest High Over the Last 26 Periods + Lowest Low Over the Last 26 Periods) ÷ 2](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nA common misunderstanding arises here. The Conversion Line and Base Line are not simple moving averages calculated from closing prices over 9 days and 26 days, respectively. They use the **midpoint between the highest and lowest prices** within their respective periods.\\n\\nOn a daily chart, one period corresponds to one trading day. However, the same numbers have different meanings on weekly or intraday charts. Therefore, 9, 26, and 52 should not always be interpreted as 9, 26, and 52 calendar days.\\n\\n## 1. First, Check the Position of the Current Price Relative to the Cloud\\n\\nThe simplest starting point is to check whether the candlesticks are above, inside, or below the cloud.\\n\\nIn conventional interpretation, **a price above the cloud suggests an upward trend, while a price below the cloud suggests a downward trend**. If the price is inside the cloud, it is more appropriate to regard the market as being in a phase where the direction is difficult to classify clearly.\\n\\nBecause the cloud is the area between Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2, it represents a price zone rather than a single precise price line.\\n\\nTherefore, instead of making a buying or selling decision solely because the price has moved slightly beyond the cloud, you should also check whether the other components indicate the same direction.\\n\\n## 2. Look Beyond Crossovers Between the Conversion Line and Base Line\\n\\nWhen the Conversion Line is above the Base Line, the midpoint of the short-term price range is higher than that of the medium-term price range. Conversely, when the Conversion Line is below the Base Line, the short-term midpoint is lower than the medium-term midpoint.\\n\\nIn technical analysis, an upward crossover of the Conversion Line above the Base Line is widely interpreted as a positive signal, while a downward crossover is interpreted as a negative signal.\\n\\nHowever, examining the crossover alone does not provide enough information.\\n\\nFor example, even if the Conversion Line crosses above the Base Line, the price and both lines may still be below the cloud. Conversely, if the Conversion Line, Base Line, and price are all moving above the cloud when the Conversion Line crosses above the Base Line, several components are pointing in the same direction.\\n\\nIn other words, **it is important to consider where the crossover occurs, rather than focusing only on the crossover itself**.\\n\\n## 3. Also Check the Direction of the Base Line\\n\\nBecause the Base Line is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 26 periods, it can remain horizontal if the price range over those 26 periods does not change.\\n\\nFor example, if the highest high over the most recent 26 periods is KRW 70,000 and the lowest low is KRW 60,000, the Base Line is calculated as follows.\\n\\n(KRW 70,000 + KRW 60,000) ÷ 2 = **KRW 65,000**\\n\\nIf the highest high and lowest low over the 26-period range remain unchanged on the next trading day, the calculated Base Line may stay at KRW 65,000 even if the closing price moves.\\n\\nTherefore, a horizontal Base Line should not simply be interpreted as meaning that the price has not moved. You need to examine **whether the highest-high and lowest-low range used to calculate the Base Line has changed**.\\n\\n## 4. Do Not Compare the Lagging Span Directly With the Current Price\\n\\nThe Lagging Span is the current closing price shifted backward by 26 periods.\\n\\nTherefore, rather than comparing the Lagging Span shown on the left side of the chart directly with the current candlestick, you should **compare it with the historical price action at the point where the Lagging Span is plotted**.\\n\\nBy checking whether the Lagging Span is above or below the historical price at that position, you can visually determine where the current price stands relative to the price 26 periods earlier.\\n\\nBeginners often overlook the Lagging Span when studying the Ichimoku Cloud. However, checking whether the Lagging Span also confirms the same direction provides more information than relying on a single crossover signal.\\n\\n## 5. The Cloud Plotted to the Right Is Not a Guaranteed Future Price\\n\\nThis is one of the easiest aspects of the Ichimoku Cloud to misunderstand.\\n\\nBecause Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2 are displayed to the right of the current candlestick, they may appear to calculate future prices in advance. However, the leading cloud is **created using price data available up to the present, with the calculated values shifted forward by 26 periods**.\\n\\nLeading Span 1 is the midpoint between the current Conversion Line and Base Line, while Leading Span 2 is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 52 periods.\\n\\nTherefore, the cloud on the right does not mean that the price 26 periods later has been predicted with certainty.\\n\\nWhen examining the leading cloud, it is easier to understand its purpose as a way to observe the relative positions of Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2, along with the cloud area projected ahead.\\n\\n## Follow This Order When Reading a Real Chart\\n\\nIf the Ichimoku Cloud looks complicated, you can understand its basic structure by repeatedly following this sequence.\\n\\n1. **Price and Cloud**\\nCheck whether the current price is above, inside, or below the cloud.\\n\\n2. **Conversion Line and Base Line**\\nCheck whether the Conversion Line is above or below the Base Line.\\n\\n3. **Direction of the Base Line**\\nDetermine whether the Base Line is rising, horizontal, or falling.\\n\\n4. **Position of the Lagging Span**\\nCompare the Lagging Span with the historical price at the point where it is plotted.\\n\\n5. **Leading Cloud**\\nExamine the cloud area projected ahead by Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2.\\n\\nFor example, if the price is above the cloud, the Conversion Line is above the Base Line, and both lines are also above the cloud, several components are indicating the same direction.\\n\\nConversely, if the price is above the cloud but the Conversion Line falls below the Base Line, or the price moves into the cloud, the signals conflict. In such situations, rather than drawing a firm conclusion about the direction based on a single condition, you need to observe additional price movements.\\n\\n## Check How Your Brokerage Platform Displays Cloud Colors\\n\\nIt is best to avoid judging upward or downward trends simply by memorizing the cloud's colors.\\n\\nThe Ichimoku Cloud is the shaded area between Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2, but some charting services allow users to customize its colors. Therefore, rather than assigning meaning solely because the cloud is red or blue, it is more accurate to **check which line is higher: Leading Span 1 or Leading Span 2**.\\n\\nFor the same reason, the colors of the Conversion Line and Base Line may differ between charts, so it is a good habit to check the line names first.\\n\\n## The Biggest Difference From Moving Averages\\n\\nIt is easy to think of the Ichimoku Conversion Line and Base Line as moving averages, but their calculation methods are fundamentally different.\\n\\nA simple moving average adds the closing prices over a specified period and divides the total by the number of periods. In contrast, the Ichimoku Conversion Line and Base Line calculate **the midpoint between the single highest high and single lowest low** within the specified period.\\n\\nAs a result, even if the price continues to move, the Conversion Line or Base Line may remain horizontal if the highest high and lowest low within the relevant period do not change.\\n\\nUnderstanding this difference also makes it easier to see why horizontal lines frequently appear in the Ichimoku Cloud.\\n\\n## Should You Make Buying and Selling Decisions Based on the Ichimoku Cloud Alone?\\n\\nThe Ichimoku Cloud is a technical analysis tool that allows you to examine trends, price positioning, and support and resistance zones on a single chart. However, no particular signal guarantees that prices will subsequently rise or fall.\\n\\nIn particular, when markets move sideways or frequently change direction, crossovers between the Conversion Line and Base Line may occur repeatedly. A price that breaks through the cloud may also move back inside it afterward.\\n\\nTherefore, when making actual investment decisions, rather than treating a single Ichimoku signal as a definitive condition for buying or selling, you should also consider trading volume, price structure, other technical indicators, and your own risk management criteria.\\n\\nIf you are just beginning to study the Ichimoku Cloud, repeatedly analyzing the same chart in the order of **price and cloud → Conversion Line and Base Line → Base Line direction → Lagging Span → leading cloud** can help you understand its structure better than memorizing complicated trading formulas.\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market movements and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular security or asset. You are responsible for your final investment decisions and their outcomes.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [How to Analyze Stock Trading Flows: How to Analyze Stock Trading Flows — Why Foreign and Institutional Net Buying Should Be Evaluated Alongside Amounts, Consistency, and Price Movements](https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-수급-분석-방법-주식-수급-분석-방법-외국인기관-순매수는-금액지속성가격까지-같이-봐야-한다-18809783)\\n- [How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers — 50-Day and 200-Day Moving Averages and Confirmation Conditions](https://neoai.kr/news/article/emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-50일200일선과-확인-조건-ff5a3b54)\\n- [How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Price Movements Through Opening Prices, Closing Prices, and Wicks](https://neoai.kr/news/article/캔들-보는-방법-시가종가와-꼬리로-알-수-있는-가격-움직임-d754e805)\\n- [How to Identify a Stock Market Bottom: 4 Signals to Check Before RSI 30](https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-바닥-구분방법-rsi-30보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-신호-c978613e)\", \"image_alt\": \"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: Informational thumbnail highlighting 5 key things to check before focusing on the cloud\", \"tags\": [\"Ichimoku Cloud\", \"How-To Guide\", \"Cloud\", \"Things to Check\", \"5 Key Points\", \"Above\", \"Below\", \"Conversion Line\", \"Base Line\", \"Position\", \"Direction\", \"Lagging Span\", \"Korean Stocks and Stock Market\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003eThe Ichimoku Cloud is much easier to understand when you examine it in this order: \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhether the current price is above or below the cloud → the positions of the Conversion Line and Base Line → the direction of the Base Line → the Lagging Span → the leading cloud\u003c/strong\u003e. The default settings are 9 periods for the Conversion Line, 26 periods for the Base Line, and 52 periods for Leading Span 2. The Leading Spans are plotted 26 periods ahead, while the Lagging Span plots the current closing price 26 periods in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic summarizing the key points\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic summarizing the key points\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen you first open a chart, it is important not to try to interpret every line simultaneously. Instead, understand what each line calculates and then check whether they point in the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhat Do the 5 Lines of the Ichimoku Cloud Represent?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThe Ichimoku Cloud consists of the Conversion Line, Base Line, Lagging Span, Leading Span 1, and Leading Span 2. The shaded area between Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2 is commonly called the \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ecloud\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Conversion Line is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 9 periods.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eConversion Line = (Highest High Over the Last 9 Periods + Lowest Low Over the Last 9 Periods) ÷ 2\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_3_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining the Conversion Line formula: (Highest High Over the Last 9 Periods\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining the Conversion Line formula: (Highest High Over the Last 9 Periods\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe Base Line is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 26 periods.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eBase Line = (Highest High Over the Last 26 Periods + Lowest Low Over the Last 26 Periods) ÷ 2\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eLeading Span 1 calculates the midpoint between the Conversion Line and Base Line and plots it 26 periods ahead.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_5_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining Leading Span 1 = (Conversion Line + Base Line) ÷ 2\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining Leading Span 1 = (Conversion Line + Base Line) ÷ 2\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eLeading Span 1 = (Conversion Line + Base Line) ÷ 2\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eLeading Span 2 calculates the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 52 periods and plots it 26 periods ahead.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining what the 5 Ichimoku lines represent\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eLeading Span 2 = (Highest High Over the Last 52 Periods + Lowest Low Over the Last 52 Periods) ÷ 2\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe Lagging Span plots the current closing price 26 periods in the past.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p822_6a49958c2ccec343_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining the Base Line formula: (Highest High Over the Last 26 Periods + Lo\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud - Informational graphic explaining the Base Line formula: (Highest High Over the Last 26 Periods + Lo\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA common misunderstanding arises here. The Conversion Line and Base Line are not simple moving averages calculated from closing prices over 9 days and 26 days, respectively. They use the \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003emidpoint between the highest and lowest prices\u003c/strong\u003e within their respective periods.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eOn a daily chart, one period corresponds to one trading day. However, the same numbers have different meanings on weekly or intraday charts. Therefore, 9, 26, and 52 should not always be interpreted as 9, 26, and 52 calendar days.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003e1. First, Check the Position of the Current Price Relative to the Cloud\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eThe simplest starting point is to check whether the candlesticks are above, inside, or below the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn conventional interpretation, \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ea price above the cloud suggests an upward trend, while a price below the cloud suggests a downward trend\u003c/strong\u003e. If the price is inside the cloud, it is more appropriate to regard the market as being in a phase where the direction is difficult to classify clearly.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBecause the cloud is the area between Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2, it represents a price zone rather than a single precise price line.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, instead of making a buying or selling decision solely because the price has moved slightly beyond the cloud, you should also check whether the other components indicate the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e2. Look Beyond Crossovers Between the Conversion Line and Base Line\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhen the Conversion Line is above the Base Line, the midpoint of the short-term price range is higher than that of the medium-term price range. Conversely, when the Conversion Line is below the Base Line, the short-term midpoint is lower than the medium-term midpoint.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn technical analysis, an upward crossover of the Conversion Line above the Base Line is widely interpreted as a positive signal, while a downward crossover is interpreted as a negative signal.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, examining the crossover alone does not provide enough information.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, even if the Conversion Line crosses above the Base Line, the price and both lines may still be below the cloud. Conversely, if the Conversion Line, Base Line, and price are all moving above the cloud when the Conversion Line crosses above the Base Line, several components are pointing in the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn other words, \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eit is important to consider where the crossover occurs, rather than focusing only on the crossover itself\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003e3. Also Check the Direction of the Base Line\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eBecause the Base Line is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 26 periods, it can remain horizontal if the price range over those 26 periods does not change.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the highest high over the most recent 26 periods is KRW 70,000 and the lowest low is KRW 60,000, the Base Line is calculated as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e(KRW 70,000 + KRW 60,000) ÷ 2 = \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eKRW 65,000\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf the highest high and lowest low over the 26-period range remain unchanged on the next trading day, the calculated Base Line may stay at KRW 65,000 even if the closing price moves.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, a horizontal Base Line should not simply be interpreted as meaning that the price has not moved. You need to examine \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhether the highest-high and lowest-low range used to calculate the Base Line has changed\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003e4. Do Not Compare the Lagging Span Directly With the Current Price\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eThe Lagging Span is the current closing price shifted backward by 26 periods.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, rather than comparing the Lagging Span shown on the left side of the chart directly with the current candlestick, you should \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ecompare it with the historical price action at the point where the Lagging Span is plotted\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBy checking whether the Lagging Span is above or below the historical price at that position, you can visually determine where the current price stands relative to the price 26 periods earlier.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBeginners often overlook the Lagging Span when studying the Ichimoku Cloud. However, checking whether the Lagging Span also confirms the same direction provides more information than relying on a single crossover signal.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e5. The Cloud Plotted to the Right Is Not a Guaranteed Future Price\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThis is one of the easiest aspects of the Ichimoku Cloud to misunderstand.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBecause Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2 are displayed to the right of the current candlestick, they may appear to calculate future prices in advance. However, the leading cloud is \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ecreated using price data available up to the present, with the calculated values shifted forward by 26 periods\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eLeading Span 1 is the midpoint between the current Conversion Line and Base Line, while Leading Span 2 is the midpoint between the highest high and lowest low over the most recent 52 periods.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, the cloud on the right does not mean that the price 26 periods later has been predicted with certainty.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen examining the leading cloud, it is easier to understand its purpose as a way to observe the relative positions of Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2, along with the cloud area projected ahead.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eFollow This Order When Reading a Real Chart\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eIf the Ichimoku Cloud looks complicated, you can understand its basic structure by repeatedly following this sequence.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ePrice and Cloud\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eCheck whether the current price is above, inside, or below the cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eConversion Line and Base Line\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eCheck whether the Conversion Line is above or below the Base Line.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eDirection of the Base Line\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eDetermine whether the Base Line is rising, horizontal, or falling.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ePosition of the Lagging Span\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eCompare the Lagging Span with the historical price at the point where it is plotted.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e5. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eLeading Cloud\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eExamine the cloud area projected ahead by Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the price is above the cloud, the Conversion Line is above the Base Line, and both lines are also above the cloud, several components are indicating the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the price is above the cloud but the Conversion Line falls below the Base Line, or the price moves into the cloud, the signals conflict. In such situations, rather than drawing a firm conclusion about the direction based on a single condition, you need to observe additional price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eCheck How Your Brokerage Platform Displays Cloud Colors\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eIt is best to avoid judging upward or downward trends simply by memorizing the cloud\u0026#x27;s colors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ichimoku Cloud is the shaded area between Leading Span 1 and Leading Span 2, but some charting services allow users to customize its colors. Therefore, rather than assigning meaning solely because the cloud is red or blue, it is more accurate to \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003echeck which line is higher: Leading Span 1 or Leading Span 2\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor the same reason, the colors of the Conversion Line and Base Line may differ between charts, so it is a good habit to check the line names first.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThe Biggest Difference From Moving Averages\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eIt is easy to think of the Ichimoku Conversion Line and Base Line as moving averages, but their calculation methods are fundamentally different.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA simple moving average adds the closing prices over a specified period and divides the total by the number of periods. In contrast, the Ichimoku Conversion Line and Base Line calculate \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ethe midpoint between the single highest high and single lowest low\u003c/strong\u003e within the specified period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eAs a result, even if the price continues to move, the Conversion Line or Base Line may remain horizontal if the highest high and lowest low within the relevant period do not change.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding this difference also makes it easier to see why horizontal lines frequently appear in the Ichimoku Cloud.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eShould You Make Buying and Selling Decisions Based on the Ichimoku Cloud Alone?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe Ichimoku Cloud is a technical analysis tool that allows you to examine trends, price positioning, and support and resistance zones on a single chart. However, no particular signal guarantees that prices will subsequently rise or fall.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn particular, when markets move sideways or frequently change direction, crossovers between the Conversion Line and Base Line may occur repeatedly. A price that breaks through the cloud may also move back inside it afterward.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, when making actual investment decisions, rather than treating a single Ichimoku signal as a definitive condition for buying or selling, you should also consider trading volume, price structure, other technical indicators, and your own risk management criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are just beginning to study the Ichimoku Cloud, repeatedly analyzing the same chart in the order of \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eprice and cloud → Conversion Line and Base Line → Base Line direction → Lagging Span → leading cloud\u003c/strong\u003e can help you understand its structure better than memorizing complicated trading formulas.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market movements and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular security or asset. You are responsible for your final investment decisions and their outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-수급-분석-방법-주식-수급-분석-방법-외국인기관-순매수는-금액지속성가격까지-같이-봐야-한다-18809783\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Analyze Stock Trading Flows: How to Analyze Stock Trading Flows — Why Foreign and Institutional Net Buying Should Be Evaluated Alongside Amounts, Consistency, and Price Movements\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-50일200일선과-확인-조건-ff5a3b54\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers 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전환선 9기간, 기준선 26기간, 선행스팬2 52기간이며, 선행스팬은 26기간 앞으로, 후행스팬은 현재 종가를 26기간 과거 위치에 표시합니다. 처음 차\"}}", "tags_json": "[\"일목균형표\", \"방법\", \"구름대\", \"봐야\", \"5가지\", \"위인지\", \"아래인지\", \"전환선\", \"기준선\", \"위치\", \"방향\", \"후행스팬\", \"국내주식·증시\"]", "thumbnail_text": "How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: 5 Things to Check Before Focusing on the Cloud", "image_url": "/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p822_6a49958c2ccec343d21a_s1080.jpg", "image_alt": "How to Read the Ichimoku Cloud: Informational thumbnail highlighting 5 key things to check before focusing on the cloud", "focus_keyword": "일목균형표", "seo_score": 85, "seo_json": "{\"score\": 85, \"focus_keyword\": \"일목균형표\", \"platform\": \"auto\", \"platform_label\": \"자동 선택\", \"intent_type\": \"auto\", \"intent_label\": \"자동 분석\", \"content_mode\": \"basic\", \"checks\": {\"title_length\": true, \"summary_length\": true, \"body_length_for_platform\": true, \"opening_answers_intent\": true, \"section_fit_for_platform\": false, \"paragraph_structure\": true, 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Rather than memorizing colors first, beginners can read candles more accurately by identifying where the price started, how far it moved, and where it finished. The colors used for bullish and bearish candles may vary depending on chart settings. To read candlesticks, start by distinguishing the open, close, high, and low.\", \"content_markdown\": \"# How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles\\n\\nA single candlestick is a price record that shows the **open, high, low, and close (OHLC)** for a specified period. Rather than memorizing colors first, beginners can read candles more accurately by identifying **where the price started, how far it moved, and where it finished**. The colors used for bullish and bearish candles may vary depending on chart settings.\\n\\n![How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining the key principle that bullish and bearish candles are determined by the opening and closing prices, not the previous day's price](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_3_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Each Candlestick Contains 4 Price Values\\n\\nTo read a candlestick, start by distinguishing the open, close, high, and low. The body represents the range between the opening and closing prices, while the lines extending beyond the body show how far the price moved toward its highest and lowest levels during that period.\\n\\n![How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n- **Open**: The price at the beginning of the candlestick's period\\n- **High**: The highest price recorded during that period\\n- **Low**: The lowest price recorded during that period\\n- **Close**: The price at the end of the candlestick's period\\n\\nFor example, if the opening price is KRW 10,000, the high is KRW 10,700, the low is KRW 9,800, and the closing price is KRW 10,500, the price started at KRW 10,000, moved within the range between KRW 9,800 and KRW 10,700, and finished at KRW 10,500.\\n\\nIn this case, the body extends from KRW 10,000 to KRW 10,500, the upper wick extends from KRW 10,500 to KRW 10,700, and the lower wick extends from KRW 9,800 to KRW 10,000.\\n\\n## Bullish and Bearish Candles Are Determined by the Open and Close, Not the Previous Day's Price\\n\\n**A candle is bullish when its closing price is higher than its opening price, and bearish when its closing price is lower than its opening price.** This is also why you should not determine whether a stock rose compared with the previous day simply by looking at the candle's color.\\n\\n![How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how upper and lower wicks show how far prices moved before reversing](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_5_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nFor example, suppose the previous day's closing price was KRW 10,000.\\n\\nIf today's price opened at KRW 9,000 and closed at KRW 9,500, the closing price is KRW 500 higher than the opening price, making it a **bullish candle**. However, compared with the previous day's close of KRW 10,000, today's closing price of KRW 9,500 is KRW 500 lower.\\n\\nConversely, if the price opened at KRW 11,000 and closed at KRW 10,500, it would be a **bearish candle**, but the closing price would still be KRW 500 higher than the previous day's close of KRW 10,000.\\n\\nTherefore, do not automatically interpret a bullish candle as a 'gain from the previous day' or a bearish candle as a 'decline from the previous day.' Instead, **compare the current candle's opening and closing prices separately from the previous candle's closing price**.\\n\\n## What Does the Length of a Candlestick's Body Tell You?\\n\\nThe length of the body shows how far apart the opening and closing prices are during the selected period. A longer body indicates a larger difference between the starting and ending prices, while a shorter body means the two prices are closer together.\\n\\n![How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nFor example, suppose two stocks both started the same trading day at KRW 10,000.\\n\\nIf Stock A closed at KRW 10,900, the difference between its opening and closing prices would be KRW 900. If Stock B closed at KRW 10,100, the difference would be KRW 100. All other factors aside, Stock A's bullish candle would have a longer body than Stock B's.\\n\\nHowever, a single long bullish candle does not guarantee that the next candle will also rise. Candlesticks are tools that compress actual price movements during a particular period into a visual representation. Interpreting the direction of future prices is a separate matter.\\n\\n![How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how upper and lower wicks show how far prices moved before reversing](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_5_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Upper and Lower Wicks Show How Far Prices Moved Before Pulling Back\\n\\n\\n**The upper wick represents the price range from the top of the body to the high, while the lower wick represents the range from the bottom of the body to the low.** Looking at the wicks therefore helps you see how far prices moved beyond the opening or closing levels during that period.\\n\\n![How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how daily, weekly, and minute candlesticks apply the same principles to different timeframes](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_6_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nFor example, consider a bullish candle with an opening price of KRW 10,000, a high of KRW 11,000, a low of KRW 9,900, and a closing price of KRW 10,200. The price traded as high as KRW 11,000 during the session but closed at KRW 10,200. This leaves a relatively long upper wick between the high and the top of the body.\\n\\nConversely, if the opening price is KRW 10,000, the high is KRW 10,200, the low is KRW 9,000, and the close is KRW 10,100, the price fell as low as KRW 9,000 during the session before the closing price was established at KRW 10,100. This candle has a long lower wick.\\n\\nThe important point is that **wicks show price movements that have already occurred**. Treating a single long upper or lower wick as definitive evidence that prices will rise or fall next goes beyond the facts actually recorded in the candlestick.\\n\\n\\n## Daily, Weekly, and Minute Candlesticks Apply the Same Principles to Different Timeframes\\n\\n![How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nThe structure of a candlestick remains the same; only the period represented by each candle changes. A 5-minute candle shows the open, high, low, and close over 5 minutes, while a daily candle shows those four prices over one day.\\n\\n\\nThis is why candlesticks for the same stock can look different depending on the timeframe selected for the chart.\\n\\n\\nIf you want to examine short-term price movements, you can use minute-based charts. To understand trends over longer periods, you can expand the timeframe to daily, weekly, or monthly charts. Rather than assuming candles from different timeframes have the same meaning, **first check how much time each candle on your chart represents**.\\n\\n## Read Candlesticks in This Order Instead of Relying on Colors\\n\\nWhen looking at charts for the first time, it is helpful to read price information in the following order before trying to memorize complicated candlestick pattern names.\\n\\n1. **Check the candle's timeframe**\\nFirst, determine whether you are looking at a 1-minute candle, a 5-minute candle, or a daily candle.\\n\\n2. **Compare the opening and closing prices**\\nIdentify where the price started and where it finished.\\n\\n3. **Check the high and low**\\nExamine the full price range during the period.\\n\\n4. **Check the length of the body**\\nDetermine whether the difference between the opening and closing prices is large or small.\\n\\n5. **Examine the upper and lower wicks**\\nSee how far the price moved beyond the body.\\n\\n6. **Connect the candle with previous candles**\\nInstead of viewing the current candle in isolation, identify its position within the preceding price movements.\\n\\nFollowing this approach allows you to read the actual price information in candlesticks even when chart color settings, such as red and blue, differ.\\n\\n## Candlestick Colors May Differ Between Charts\\n\\nYou should not assume that all charts use the same colors to indicate rising and falling candles. Color conventions can vary between charting platforms and markets, and users may also customize these settings.\\n\\nTherefore, when using an unfamiliar HTS (Home Trading System), MTS (Mobile Trading System), or exchange chart, it is safer to **check the color settings for bullish and bearish candles first**.\\n\\nInstead of memorizing colors, check whether the closing price is higher or lower than the opening price. This lets you apply the same reading method even when switching between charts.\\n\\n## Why a Single Candlestick Is Not Enough to Make Buy or Sell Decisions\\n\\nCandlesticks show price information recorded during the selected period, but they do not determine future prices. Even when two candlesticks have the same shape, the preceding price movements and the positions where those candles formed may differ.\\n\\nTherefore, the first goal of reading candlesticks should not be to spot a particular shape and immediately trade. Instead, it is better to focus on **accurately reconstructing price movements over a given period**.\\n\\nWhen you open a chart, try reading it this way first.\\n\\n'It started at KRW 10,000. During the session, it reached a high of KRW 10,700 and a low of KRW 9,800. Finally, it closed at KRW 10,500.'\\n\\nIf you can construct this description simply by looking at a candlestick, you have correctly understood its basic structure. The next step is to examine how multiple candles develop together, along with trading volume, trends, and other factors.\\n\\nNo particular candlestick shape or historical price movement guarantees future returns. Actual investment decisions should also take factors beyond price information into account.\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market movements and does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation to invest in any particular stock or asset. Final investment decisions and responsibility rest with the individual investor.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [What Is a Gap Up? Understanding Why a Stock Opens Higher and How to Identify Gap Filling](https://neoai.kr/news/article/갭상승이란-주식-시가가-오른-출발의-의미와-갭-메우기-확인-방법-0d21c5a1)\\n- [How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers — 50-Day and 200-Day Moving Averages and Confirmation Conditions](https://neoai.kr/news/article/emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-50일200일선과-확인-조건-ff5a3b54)\\n- [The Nasdaq Did Not Reach a New Record High on September 16](https://neoai.kr/news/article/9월-16일-나스닥은-최고치를-경신하지-않았다-a3112623)\\n- [Nasdaq All-Time High on 27,122.09 Was 28.19 Points Above the June Record](https://neoai.kr/news/article/나스닥-사상-최고치-2712209-6월-기록보다-2819포인트-높았다-eaca7958)\", \"image_alt\": \"How to Read Candlestick Charts: Key Concepts for Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational Thumbnail\", \"tags\": [\"Candlesticks\", \"How-To Guide\", \"Bullish Candles\", \"Bearish Candles\", \"Candlestick Wicks\", \"Reading Order\", \"Single Candlestick\", \"Specified Period\", \"Timeframe\", \"OHLC\", \"Visualization\", \"Price Records\", \"Korean Stocks and Stock Market\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003eA single candlestick is a price record that shows the \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eopen, high, low, and close (OHLC)\u003c/strong\u003e for a specified period. Rather than memorizing colors first, beginners can read candles more accurately by identifying \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhere the price started, how far it moved, and where it finished\u003c/strong\u003e. The colors used for bullish and bearish candles may vary depending on chart settings.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_3_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining the key principle that bullish and bearish candles \\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining the key principle that bullish and bearish candles \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eEach Candlestick Contains 4 Price Values\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eTo read a candlestick, start by distinguishing the open, close, high, and low. The body represents the range between the opening and closing prices, while the lines extending beyond the body show how far the price moved toward its highest and lowest levels during that period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eOpen\u003c/strong\u003e: The price at the beginning of the candlestick\u0026#x27;s period\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eHigh\u003c/strong\u003e: The highest price recorded during that period\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eLow\u003c/strong\u003e: The lowest price recorded during that period\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eClose\u003c/strong\u003e: The price at the end of the candlestick\u0026#x27;s period\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the opening price is KRW 10,000, the high is KRW 10,700, the low is KRW 9,800, and the closing price is KRW 10,500, the price started at KRW 10,000, moved within the range between KRW 9,800 and KRW 10,700, and finished at KRW 10,500.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn this case, the body extends from KRW 10,000 to KRW 10,500, the upper wick extends from KRW 10,500 to KRW 10,700, and the lower wick extends from KRW 9,800 to KRW 10,000.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eBullish and Bearish Candles Are Determined by the Open and Close, Not the Previous Day\u0026#x27;s Price\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eA candle is bullish when its closing price is higher than its opening price, and bearish when its closing price is lower than its opening price.\u003c/strong\u003e This is also why you should not determine whether a stock rose compared with the previous day simply by looking at the candle\u0026#x27;s color.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_5_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how upper and lower wicks show how far prices moved\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how upper and lower wicks show how far prices moved\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, suppose the previous day\u0026#x27;s closing price was KRW 10,000.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf today\u0026#x27;s price opened at KRW 9,000 and closed at KRW 9,500, the closing price is KRW 500 higher than the opening price, making it a \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ebullish candle\u003c/strong\u003e. However, compared with the previous day\u0026#x27;s close of KRW 10,000, today\u0026#x27;s closing price of KRW 9,500 is KRW 500 lower.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the price opened at KRW 11,000 and closed at KRW 10,500, it would be a \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ebearish candle\u003c/strong\u003e, but the closing price would still be KRW 500 higher than the previous day\u0026#x27;s close of KRW 10,000.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, do not automatically interpret a bullish candle as a \u0026#x27;gain from the previous day\u0026#x27; or a bearish candle as a \u0026#x27;decline from the previous day.\u0026#x27; Instead, \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ecompare the current candle\u0026#x27;s opening and closing prices separately from the previous candle\u0026#x27;s closing price\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eWhat Does the Length of a Candlestick\u0026#x27;s Body Tell You?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eThe length of the body shows how far apart the opening and closing prices are during the selected period. A longer body indicates a larger difference between the starting and ending prices, while a shorter body means the two prices are closer together.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, suppose two stocks both started the same trading day at KRW 10,000.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf Stock A closed at KRW 10,900, the difference between its opening and closing prices would be KRW 900. If Stock B closed at KRW 10,100, the difference would be KRW 100. All other factors aside, Stock A\u0026#x27;s bullish candle would have a longer body than Stock B\u0026#x27;s.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, a single long bullish candle does not guarantee that the next candle will also rise. Candlesticks are tools that compress actual price movements during a particular period into a visual representation. Interpreting the direction of future prices is a separate matter.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_5_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how upper and lower wicks show how far prices moved\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how upper and lower wicks show how far prices moved\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eUpper and Lower Wicks Show How Far Prices Moved Before Pulling Back\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eThe upper wick represents the price range from the top of the body to the high, while the lower wick represents the range from the bottom of the body to the low.\u003c/strong\u003e Looking at the wicks therefore helps you see how far prices moved beyond the opening or closing levels during that period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_6_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how daily, weekly, and minute candlesticks apply th\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Infographic explaining how daily, weekly, and minute candlesticks apply th\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, consider a bullish candle with an opening price of KRW 10,000, a high of KRW 11,000, a low of KRW 9,900, and a closing price of KRW 10,200. The price traded as high as KRW 11,000 during the session but closed at KRW 10,200. This leaves a relatively long upper wick between the high and the top of the body.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the opening price is KRW 10,000, the high is KRW 10,200, the low is KRW 9,000, and the close is KRW 10,100, the price fell as low as KRW 9,000 during the session before the closing price was established at KRW 10,100. This candle has a long lower wick.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe important point is that \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewicks show price movements that have already occurred\u003c/strong\u003e. Treating a single long upper or lower wick as definitive evidence that prices will rise or fall next goes beyond the facts actually recorded in the candlestick.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eDaily, Weekly, and Minute Candlesticks Apply the Same Principles to Different Timeframes\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles - Informational infographic summarizing the key concepts\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe structure of a candlestick remains the same; only the period represented by each candle changes. A 5-minute candle shows the open, high, low, and close over 5 minutes, while a daily candle shows those four prices over one day.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThis is why candlesticks for the same stock can look different depending on the timeframe selected for the chart.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you want to examine short-term price movements, you can use minute-based charts. To understand trends over longer periods, you can expand the timeframe to daily, weekly, or monthly charts. Rather than assuming candles from different timeframes have the same meaning, \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003efirst check how much time each candle on your chart represents\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eRead Candlesticks in This Order Instead of Relying on Colors\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eWhen looking at charts for the first time, it is helpful to read price information in the following order before trying to memorize complicated candlestick pattern names.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eCheck the candle\u0026#x27;s timeframe\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, determine whether you are looking at a 1-minute candle, a 5-minute candle, or a daily candle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eCompare the opening and closing prices\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIdentify where the price started and where it finished.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eCheck the high and low\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eExamine the full price range during the period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eCheck the length of the body\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eDetermine whether the difference between the opening and closing prices is large or small.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e5. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eExamine the upper and lower wicks\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eSee how far the price moved beyond the body.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e6. \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eConnect the candle with previous candles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of viewing the current candle in isolation, identify its position within the preceding price movements.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFollowing this approach allows you to read the actual price information in candlesticks even when chart color settings, such as red and blue, differ.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eCandlestick Colors May Differ Between Charts\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eYou should not assume that all charts use the same colors to indicate rising and falling candles. Color conventions can vary between charting platforms and markets, and users may also customize these settings.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, when using an unfamiliar HTS (Home Trading System), MTS (Mobile Trading System), or exchange chart, it is safer to \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003echeck the color settings for bullish and bearish candles first\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eInstead of memorizing colors, check whether the closing price is higher or lower than the opening price. This lets you apply the same reading method even when switching between charts.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eWhy a Single Candlestick Is Not Enough to Make Buy or Sell Decisions\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eCandlesticks show price information recorded during the selected period, but they do not determine future prices. Even when two candlesticks have the same shape, the preceding price movements and the positions where those candles formed may differ.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, the first goal of reading candlesticks should not be to spot a particular shape and immediately trade. Instead, it is better to focus on \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eaccurately reconstructing price movements over a given period\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen you open a chart, try reading it this way first.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026#x27;It started at KRW 10,000. During the session, it reached a high of KRW 10,700 and a low of KRW 9,800. Finally, it closed at KRW 10,500.\u0026#x27;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf you can construct this description simply by looking at a candlestick, you have correctly understood its basic structure. The next step is to examine how multiple candles develop together, along with trading volume, trends, and other factors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eNo particular candlestick shape or historical price movement guarantees future returns. Actual investment decisions should also take factors beyond price information into account.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market movements and does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation to invest in any particular stock or asset. Final investment decisions and responsibility rest with the individual investor.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/갭상승이란-주식-시가가-오른-출발의-의미와-갭-메우기-확인-방법-0d21c5a1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eWhat Is a Gap Up? Understanding Why a Stock Opens Higher and How to Identify Gap Filling\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-emama-크로스오버로-중장기-추세-전환-읽는-법-50일200일선과-확인-조건-ff5a3b54\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers: How to Identify Medium- and Long-Term Trend Reversals Using EMA and MA Crossovers — 50-Day and 200-Day Moving Averages and Confirmation Conditions\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/9월-16일-나스닥은-최고치를-경신하지-않았다-a3112623\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eThe Nasdaq Did Not Reach a New Record High on September 16\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/나스닥-사상-최고치-2712209-6월-기록보다-2819포인트-높았다-eaca7958\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eNasdaq All-Time High on 27,122.09 Was 28.19 Points Above the June Record\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\", \"status\": \"published\", \"source_hash\": \"9c7a9fcc4eee0ca4e18ba110b487f5975303d8473ae79a4844c9d1b0ae50fd39\", \"source_title\": \"캔들 보는 방법, 양봉·음봉보다 먼저 시가·종가·꼬리를 읽는 순서\", \"source_summary\": \"캔들 하나는 정해진 기간의 시가·고가·저가·종가(OHLC)를 한 번에 보여주는 가격 기록입니다. 초보자는 색부터 외우기보다 어디에서 시작했고, 어디까지 움직였으며, 어디에서 끝났는지 순서로 읽는 편이 정확합니다. 양봉·음봉의 색상은 차트 설정에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다. 캔들을 읽으려면 시가, 종가, 고가, 저가부터 구분\"}}", "tags_json": "[\"캔들\", \"방법\", \"양봉\", \"음봉\", \"꼬리\", \"순서\", \"하나\", \"정해진\", \"기간\", \"OHLC\", \"보여주\", \"기록\", \"국내주식·증시\"]", "thumbnail_text": "How to Read Candlestick Charts: Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before Bullish and Bearish Candles", "image_url": "/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p819_09f68ad1224b6e7b76b9_s1080.jpg", "image_alt": "How to Read Candlestick Charts: Key Concepts for Understanding Open, Close, and Wicks Before 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72.986, \"first_frame_contrast\": 46.241, \"first_frame_content_ratio\": 0.98915, \"video_bitrate_mbps\": 1.322, \"poster_frame_seconds\": 0.0, \"provider_audio_removed\": false, \"server_only_images\": false, \"lipsync_character_enabled\": false, \"lipsync_character\": {\"enabled\": false}, \"character_safe_area\": \"\", \"provider_audio_preserved\": true}, \"_threads_updated_at\": \"2026-09-24 14:10:42\", \"_threads_video_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-video/social_post_794_8cc70748baa5355f.mp4\", \"_english\": {\"title\": \"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps\", \"summary\": \"An accumulation candle cannot be confirmed based on a single long upper wick or a sudden surge in trading volume. As of 2026-09-24, a more reasonable approach is to examine where the candle appears on the price chart, its volume relative to normal levels, where the closing price falls within the candle's range, whether the price holds afterward, and the direction of volume indicators such as OBV and A/D. In particular, avoid assuming that someone has been accumulating simply because trading volume surged.\", \"content_markdown\": \"# How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps\\n\\nAn accumulation candle cannot be confirmed based on a single long upper wick or a sudden surge in trading volume. As of 2026-09-24, a more reasonable approach is to examine **where the candle appears on the price chart, its volume relative to normal levels, where the closing price falls within the candle's range, whether the price holds afterward, and the direction of volume indicators such as OBV and A/D**.\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nIn particular, avoid relying on a single condition, such as assuming that someone has been accumulating because trading volume surged or that major market players have been building positions because a long upper wick appeared. A volume spike can indicate strong market interest, but it can occur not only at the beginning of an upward move, but also in response to news or near the end of a trend.\\n\\n## Why Can't You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick?\\n\\nThe information a single candlestick reliably provides consists of the opening, high, low, and closing prices. The body represents the difference between the opening and closing prices, while the wicks show the range of prices traded during that period.\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can't You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nTherefore, a long upper wick alone cannot reveal who was accumulating positions. A long upper wick means that the asset traded at a higher price at some point, but its closing price ended below that level.\\n\\nThe same applies to trading volume. Higher-than-usual volume shows that substantial trading activity accompanied the price movement, but a volume bar alone cannot establish that a particular investor or group was accumulating positions.\\n\\nFor this reason, this article uses the term accumulation candle to mean **a price-and-volume pattern worth investigating for possible accumulation, rather than a candle that proves accumulation has occurred**.\\n\\n## 1. Check the Price Location Before the Candle's Shape\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 1. Check the Price Location Before the Candle's Shape - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_3_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nWhen assessing possible accumulation, the first thing to check is not the candle's color but **where it appears within the overall price chart**.\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can't You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nIf volume suddenly increases during a prolonged sideways trading period or near a price level that has repeatedly provided support, there may be reason to monitor subsequent price action. Conversely, if the same combination of a volume spike and an upper wick appears after a substantial price increase, it should not immediately be labeled an accumulation candle.\\n\\nDuring sideways trading periods in particular, it is important to check the subsequent direction of both price and cumulative volume indicators.\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 2. Compare Volume with Normal Levels Rather Than Just Counting Shares or Coins - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## 2. Compare Volume with Normal Levels Rather Than Just Counting Shares or Coins\\n\\nBecause normal trading volume differs from one asset to another, comparing absolute volume figures alone is less meaningful. It is better to compare current volume with the recent average for the same asset and timeframe.\\n\\nFor example, relative volume can be calculated as a supplementary measure using the following formula.\\n\\n**Author's calculation**\\n\\nRelative volume = Current candle volume ÷ Average volume of the previous N candles\\n\\nIf the average volume over the previous 20 candles is 100만 and the current volume is 220만, the relative volume is 2.2 times.\\n\\nFigures such as 20 candles or 2 times are not official thresholds for determining whether accumulation is occurring. The key is to establish **how much trading activity has actually changed compared with recent activity in the same asset**, rather than simply feeling that volume is high.\\n\\nA substantial increase in trading volume should not, by itself, be treated as a buy signal. High volume can support a strong price movement, but it can also appear when a trend is becoming exhausted.\\n\\n## 3. Check Where the Price Closes, Not Just the Length of the Upper Wick\\n\\nEven candles with similarly large volume spikes can look very different depending on where they close.\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can't You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nA candle that rises sharply to its high before falling back to close near its low should not be interpreted in the same way as a candle that experiences substantial volatility but closes near its high.\\n\\nThe closing price's position can be compared numerically as follows.\\n\\n**Author's calculation**\\n\\nClosing position = (Closing price - Low) ÷ (High - Low) × 100\\n\\nIf the high is KRW 10,000, the low is KRW 8,000, and the closing price is KRW 9,600, the closing position is 80%. This means the closing price was formed toward the upper end of the candle's overall price range.\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 4. What Really Matters Is What Happens After the Candle Appears - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_6_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nThere is no official threshold for this figure that establishes a candle as an accumulation candle above a certain percentage. However, rather than focusing only on the appearance of a long upper wick, it allows you to compare **where the closing price actually falls within the day's trading range**.\\n\\n## 4. What Really Matters Is What Happens After the Candle Appears\\n\\nSubsequent price movements are more useful for testing an accumulation hypothesis than the candle on the day itself.\\n\\nIf the price continues to hold within its previous support zone or sideways trading range after a high-volume candle, and cumulative volume indicators rise without the price breaking down, there is additional reason to monitor the possibility of accumulation.\\n\\nConversely, if the price breaks below support immediately after a volume spike and weakness continues, the original accumulation hypothesis becomes less convincing.\\n\\nIn other words, **rather than reaching a conclusion on the day a high-volume candle appears, it is important to use subsequent candles to test the initial interpretation**.\\n\\n## 5. Use OBV and A/D to Compare Price and Volume Direction Again\\n\\nIf candlesticks alone leave the situation unclear, volume-based indicators such as OBV and A/D can provide supplementary information.\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 3. Check Where the Price Closes, Not Just the Length of the Upper Wick - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_5_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nOn-Balance Volume (OBV) works by adding the day's trading volume to a cumulative total when the closing price is higher than the previous close and subtracting it when the closing price is lower. If OBV rises while the price remains relatively flat during a sideways market, it may suggest that buying pressure is becoming relatively stronger in the cumulative volume trend.\\n\\nThe Accumulation/Distribution (A/D) indicator combines trading volume with the closing price's position between the candle's high and low. If A/D rises during a sideways trading period, it can serve as supplementary evidence when evaluating possible accumulation.\\n\\nNeither indicator provides definitive confirmation. OBV treats the entire trading volume of an up-closing day as positive volume, while A/D also interprets price and volume through a predefined formula. Neither indicator reveals the actual trading records of individual investors or accounts.\\n\\n## Patterns That Strengthen or Weaken the Accumulation Hypothesis\\n\\n| Factor to Check | Conditions Worth Further Investigating for Accumulation | Conditions That Weaken the Accumulation Hypothesis |\\n| --- | --- | --- |\\n| Price location | Appears within a sideways trading or support zone | Appears near a high after a substantial rally |\\n| Trading volume | Clearly increases above the recent average | Little change in trading volume |\\n| Closing position | Closes near the high | Falls sharply toward the low after reaching the high |\\n| Subsequent price action | Maintains the existing support or sideways trading range | Quickly breaks below support |\\n| OBV and A/D | Rise during sideways trading or show greater strength than price | Decline alongside price or remain weak |\\n\\nThis table does not mean that meeting any single condition confirms accumulation. It provides a framework for checking whether several conditions point in the same direction.\\n\\n![How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 3. Check Where the Price Closes, Not Just the Length of the Upper Wick - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_5_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Can Stocks and Cryptocurrencies Be Analyzed the Same Way?\\n\\nThe basic principle of examining price, volume, closing position, and subsequent movements together applies to both stock and cryptocurrency charts. However, sudden volume spikes and sharp price increases require even more cautious interpretation in cryptocurrency markets.\\n\\nEven if trading volume surges on the exchange you are watching, it is preferable, when possible, to compare the same asset's movements on other exchanges. Rather than interpreting a sudden price surge alone as accumulation, examine volume, support zones, and subsequent price action together.\\n\\nBecause cryptocurrencies are also subject to price volatility and market manipulation risks, assuming that identifying an accumulation candle means the price will subsequently rise is particularly dangerous.\\n\\n## Follow This Sequence When Analyzing a Real Chart\\n\\nWhen you spot a candle with unusually high trading volume, first determine whether it appeared during sideways trading, near support, or near a price high.\\n\\nNext, compare its current volume with the recent average and check where the closing price falls between the high and low.\\n\\nEven if these conditions appear favorable, do not immediately conclude that accumulation has occurred. Check whether subsequent prices maintain the existing support zone, and finally compare whether OBV or A/D is signaling the same direction as the price trend.\\n\\nIn short, the sequence is **price location → relative volume → closing position → subsequent price action → cumulative volume indicators**.\\n\\nAn accumulation candle is not a buy signal that guarantees future price increases. It is better understood as a potential signal that warrants monitoring subsequent movements after a particular price-and-volume pattern appears. In actual trading, entry prices and stop-loss levels should be established separately, with the possibility of losses taken into account.\\n\\n※ This article is for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation concerning any particular security or asset. All final investment decisions and responsibilities rest with the individual investor.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [Can Bitcoin Be an Alternative Investment When Stocks Trade Sideways? 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As of 2026-09-24, a more reasonable approach is to examine \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhere the candle appears on the price chart, its volume relative to normal levels, where the closing price falls within the candle\u0026#x27;s range, whether the price holds afterward, and the direction of volume indicators such as OBV and A/D\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Informational image summarizing the key points\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Informational image summarizing the key points\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn particular, avoid relying on a single condition, such as assuming that someone has been accumulating because trading volume surged or that major market players have been building positions because a long upper wick appeared. A volume spike can indicate strong market interest, but it can occur not only at the beginning of an upward move, but also in response to news or near the end of a trend.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhy Can\u0026#x27;t You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThe information a single candlestick reliably provides consists of the opening, high, low, and closing prices. The body represents the difference between the opening and closing prices, while the wicks show the range of prices traded during that period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can\u0026#x27;t You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational im\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can\u0026#x27;t You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational im\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, a long upper wick alone cannot reveal who was accumulating positions. A long upper wick means that the asset traded at a higher price at some point, but its closing price ended below that level.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe same applies to trading volume. Higher-than-usual volume shows that substantial trading activity accompanied the price movement, but a volume bar alone cannot establish that a particular investor or group was accumulating positions.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor this reason, this article uses the term accumulation candle to mean \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ea price-and-volume pattern worth investigating for possible accumulation, rather than a candle that proves accumulation has occurred\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003e1. Check the Price Location Before the Candle\u0026#x27;s Shape\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_3_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 1. Check the Price Location Before the Candle\u0026#x27;s Shape - Informational image sum\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 1. Check the Price Location Before the Candle\u0026#x27;s Shape - Informational image sum\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eWhen assessing possible accumulation, the first thing to check is not the candle\u0026#x27;s color but \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhere it appears within the overall price chart\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can\u0026#x27;t You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational im\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can\u0026#x27;t You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational im\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf volume suddenly increases during a prolonged sideways trading period or near a price level that has repeatedly provided support, there may be reason to monitor subsequent price action. Conversely, if the same combination of a volume spike and an upper wick appears after a substantial price increase, it should not immediately be labeled an accumulation candle.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eDuring sideways trading periods in particular, it is important to check the subsequent direction of both price and cumulative volume indicators.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 2. Compare Volume with Normal Levels Rather Than Just Counting Shares or Coins \\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 2. Compare Volume with Normal Levels Rather Than Just Counting Shares or Coins \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003e2. Compare Volume with Normal Levels Rather Than Just Counting Shares or Coins\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eBecause normal trading volume differs from one asset to another, comparing absolute volume figures alone is less meaningful. It is better to compare current volume with the recent average for the same asset and timeframe.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, relative volume can be calculated as a supplementary measure using the following formula.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eAuthor\u0026#x27;s calculation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eRelative volume = Current candle volume ÷ Average volume of the previous N candles\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf the average volume over the previous 20 candles is 100만 and the current volume is 220만, the relative volume is 2.2 times.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFigures such as 20 candles or 2 times are not official thresholds for determining whether accumulation is occurring. The key is to establish \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ehow much trading activity has actually changed compared with recent activity in the same asset\u003c/strong\u003e, rather than simply feeling that volume is high.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA substantial increase in trading volume should not, by itself, be treated as a buy signal. High volume can support a strong price movement, but it can also appear when a trend is becoming exhausted.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e3. Check Where the Price Closes, Not Just the Length of the Upper Wick\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eEven candles with similarly large volume spikes can look very different depending on where they close.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can\u0026#x27;t You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational im\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - Why Can\u0026#x27;t You Identify Accumulation from a Single Candlestick? Informational im\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eA candle that rises sharply to its high before falling back to close near its low should not be interpreted in the same way as a candle that experiences substantial volatility but closes near its high.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe closing price\u0026#x27;s position can be compared numerically as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eAuthor\u0026#x27;s calculation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eClosing position = (Closing price - Low) ÷ (High - Low) × 100\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-data-paragraph\\\"\u003eIf the high is KRW 10,000, the low is KRW 8,000, and the closing price is KRW 9,600, the closing position is 80%. This means the closing price was formed toward the upper end of the candle\u0026#x27;s overall price range.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_6_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 4. What Really Matters Is What Happens After the Candle Appears - Informational\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 4. What Really Matters Is What Happens After the Candle Appears - Informational\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no official threshold for this figure that establishes a candle as an accumulation candle above a certain percentage. However, rather than focusing only on the appearance of a long upper wick, it allows you to compare \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhere the closing price actually falls within the day\u0026#x27;s trading range\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003e4. What Really Matters Is What Happens After the Candle Appears\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eSubsequent price movements are more useful for testing an accumulation hypothesis than the candle on the day itself.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf the price continues to hold within its previous support zone or sideways trading range after a high-volume candle, and cumulative volume indicators rise without the price breaking down, there is additional reason to monitor the possibility of accumulation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eConversely, if the price breaks below support immediately after a volume spike and weakness continues, the original accumulation hypothesis becomes less convincing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn other words, \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003erather than reaching a conclusion on the day a high-volume candle appears, it is important to use subsequent candles to test the initial interpretation\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003e5. Use OBV and A/D to Compare Price and Volume Direction Again\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eIf candlesticks alone leave the situation unclear, volume-based indicators such as OBV and A/D can provide supplementary information.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_5_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 3. Check Where the Price Closes, Not Just the Length of the Upper Wick - Inform\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 3. Check Where the Price Closes, Not Just the Length of the Upper Wick - Inform\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eOn-Balance Volume (OBV) works by adding the day\u0026#x27;s trading volume to a cumulative total when the closing price is higher than the previous close and subtracting it when the closing price is lower. If OBV rises while the price remains relatively flat during a sideways market, it may suggest that buying pressure is becoming relatively stronger in the cumulative volume trend.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Accumulation/Distribution (A/D) indicator combines trading volume with the closing price\u0026#x27;s position between the candle\u0026#x27;s high and low. If A/D rises during a sideways trading period, it can serve as supplementary evidence when evaluating possible accumulation.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eNeither indicator provides definitive confirmation. OBV treats the entire trading volume of an up-closing day as positive volume, while A/D also interprets price and volume through a predefined formula. Neither indicator reveals the actual trading records of individual investors or accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003ePatterns That Strengthen or Weaken the Accumulation Hypothesis\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003ctable class=\\\"an-table\\\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth\u003eFactor to Check\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eConditions Worth Further Investigating for Accumulation\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eConditions That Weaken the Accumulation Hypothesis\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003ePrice location\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eAppears within a sideways trading or support zone\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eAppears near a high after a substantial rally\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eTrading volume\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eClearly increases above the recent average\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eLittle change in trading volume\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eClosing position\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eCloses near the high\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eFalls sharply toward the low after reaching the high\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSubsequent price action\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eMaintains the existing support or sideways trading range\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eQuickly breaks below support\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eOBV and A/D\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eRise during sideways trading or show greater strength than price\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eDecline alongside price or remain weak\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThis table does not mean that meeting any single condition confirms accumulation. It provides a framework for checking whether several conditions point in the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e481_5_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 3. Check Where the Price Closes, Not Just the Length of the Upper Wick - Inform\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eHow to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps - 3. Check Where the Price Closes, Not Just the Length of the Upper Wick - Inform\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eCan Stocks and Cryptocurrencies Be Analyzed the Same Way?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eThe basic principle of examining price, volume, closing position, and subsequent movements together applies to both stock and cryptocurrency charts. However, sudden volume spikes and sharp price increases require even more cautious interpretation in cryptocurrency markets.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eEven if trading volume surges on the exchange you are watching, it is preferable, when possible, to compare the same asset\u0026#x27;s movements on other exchanges. Rather than interpreting a sudden price surge alone as accumulation, examine volume, support zones, and subsequent price action together.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBecause cryptocurrencies are also subject to price volatility and market manipulation risks, assuming that identifying an accumulation candle means the price will subsequently rise is particularly dangerous.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eFollow This Sequence When Analyzing a Real Chart\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eWhen you spot a candle with unusually high trading volume, first determine whether it appeared during sideways trading, near support, or near a price high.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eNext, compare its current volume with the recent average and check where the closing price falls between the high and low.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eEven if these conditions appear favorable, do not immediately conclude that accumulation has occurred. Check whether subsequent prices maintain the existing support zone, and finally compare whether OBV or A/D is signaling the same direction as the price trend.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn short, the sequence is \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eprice location → relative volume → closing position → subsequent price action → cumulative volume indicators\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eAn accumulation candle is not a buy signal that guarantees future price increases. It is better understood as a potential signal that warrants monitoring subsequent movements after a particular price-and-volume pattern appears. In actual trading, entry prices and stop-loss levels should be established separately, with the possibility of losses taken into account.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation concerning any particular security or asset. All final investment decisions and responsibilities rest with the individual investor.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/비트코인은-주식이-횡보할-때-대체-투자처가-될까-상관관계보다-변동성을-먼저-봐야-한다-890103c4\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eCan Bitcoin Be an Alternative Investment When Stocks Trade Sideways? 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and Bitcoin After a Rate Hike Announcement: U.S. Interest Rate Increases and the Variables That Matter More Than 0.25%p\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\", \"status\": \"published\", \"source_hash\": \"c9edc3c5124a130db7d4cdacdb6f812fdd565650eeb1631d05b296f3abb45632\", \"source_title\": \"주식·코인 매집봉 구별법, 거래량만 보지 말고 5단계로 확인\", \"source_summary\": \"매집봉은 윗꼬리나 거래량 급증 한 번만 보고 확정할 수 없습니다. 2026년 9월 24일 기준으로는 가격이 나온 위치, 평소 대비 거래량, 봉 안에서 종가가 끝난 위치, 이후 가격 유지 여부, OBV·A/D 같은 거래량 지표의 방향​을 함께 확인하는 방법이 더 합리적입니다. 특히 “거래량이 많이 터졌으니 누군가 매집했다”\"}}", "tags_json": "[\"주식\", \"코인\", \"매집봉\", \"구별법\", \"거래량\", \"보지\", \"말고\", \"5단계\", \"윗꼬리나\", \"급증\", \"보고\", \"확정\", \"비트코인·가상자산\"]", "thumbnail_text": "How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Volume and Check in 5 Steps", "image_url": "/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p794_bd2bbfaa3439e4817f77_s1080.jpg", "image_alt": "How to Identify Accumulation Candles in Stocks and Crypto: Look Beyond Trading Volume and Check in 5 Steps", "focus_keyword": "주식", "seo_score": 94, "seo_json": "{\"score\": 94, \"focus_keyword\": \"주식\", \"platform\": \"auto\", \"platform_label\": \"자동 선택\", \"intent_type\": \"auto\", \"intent_label\": \"자동 분석\", \"content_mode\": \"basic\", \"checks\": {\"title_length\": true, \"summary_length\": true, \"body_length_for_platform\": true, \"opening_answers_intent\": true, \"section_fit_for_platform\": true, \"paragraph_structure\": true, \"has_unique_element\": true, \"information_gain_2plus\": true, \"has_caution\": true, \"tag_balance\": true, \"focus_relevance\": true, \"natural_keyword_density\": true, \"low_sentence_repetition\": true, \"natural_emphasis\": true, \"has_kst_basis_date\": false, \"no_generic_repeated_phrases\": true, \"specific_section_headings\": true, \"data_is_easy_to_scan\": true, \"no_forbidden_words\": true, \"title_not_clickbait\": true, \"condition_clarity\": true, \"entity_clarity\": true, \"source_signal\": true, \"visual_accessibility\": true, 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"tags": ["Stocks", "Cryptocurrency", "Accumulation Candles", "Identification Methods", "Trading Volume", "Look Beyond", "Instead Of", "5-Step Guide", "Upper Wicks", "Volume Spikes", "Visual Analysis", "Confirmation", "Bitcoin and Digital Assets"], "display_tags": ["#Stocks", "#Cryptocurrency", "#Accumulation Candles", "#Identification Methods", "#Trading Volume", "#Look Beyond", "#Instead Of", "#5-Step Guide", "#Upper Wicks", "#Volume Spikes", "#Visual Analysis", "#Confirmation", "#Bitcoin and Digital Assets"], "hashtag_text": "#주식 #코인 #매집봉 #구별법 #거래량 #보지 #말고 #5단계 #윗꼬리나 #급증 #보고 #확정 #비트코인가상자산", "seo": {"score": 94, "focus_keyword": "주식", "platform": "auto", "platform_label": "자동 선택", "intent_type": "auto", "intent_label": "자동 분석", "content_mode": "basic", "checks": {"title_length": true, "summary_length": true, "body_length_for_platform": true, "opening_answers_intent": true, "section_fit_for_platform": true, "paragraph_structure": true, "has_unique_element": true, "information_gain_2plus": true, "has_caution": true, "tag_balance": true, "focus_relevance": true, "natural_keyword_density": true, "low_sentence_repetition": true, "natural_emphasis": true, "has_kst_basis_date": false, "no_generic_repeated_phrases": true, "specific_section_headings": true, "data_is_easy_to_scan": true, "no_forbidden_words": true, "title_not_clickbait": true, "condition_clarity": true, "entity_clarity": true, "source_signal": true, "visual_accessibility": true, "feed_visual_ratio_ready": false}, "forbidden_hits": [], "content_quality_score": 80, "platform_fit_score": 87, "cross_platform_visibility_score": 86, "visibility_scores": {"google_search": 92, "google_discover": 78, "google_news": 84, "google_ai_summary": 90, "naver_search": 90, "naver_home_feed": 89}, "platform_scores": {"google_search": 92, "google_discover": 78, "google_news": 84, "google_ai_summary": 90, "naver_search": 90, "naver_home_feed": 89}, "content_quality_checks": {"search_intent": true, 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\"article_text_in_gemini_prompt\": false, \"exact_numbers_in_gemini_prompt\": false, \"tts_engine\": \"edge-tts\", \"tts_voice\": \"ko-KR-InJoonNeural\", \"tts_rate\": \"+15%\", \"tts_profile_id\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_engine\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_model_size\": \"\", \"tts_fallback_from\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_error\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_auto_fallback\": false, \"narration_text\": \"추석 연휴 국내 증시가 휴장해도 해외주식 시장 움직임은 멈추지 않습니다. 국내 주식 거래는 중단되지만, 해외 지수와 환율, 주요 뉴스 변화는 연휴 이후 국내 증시에 반영될 수 있습니다. 국내 증시 휴장 기간에는 미국 등 해외 증시 거래가 이어질 수 있기 때문입니다. 이때 확인할 것은 단순한 해외 지수 방향만이 아닙니다. 미국 주요 지수는 글로벌 투자 분위기를 확인하고, 원·달러 환율은 국내 기업 가치와 외국인 수급에 영향을 줄 수 있습니다. 또 반도체와 에너지 같은 핵심 업종 변화도 함께 봐야 합니다. 해외 시장이 올랐더라도 환율 방향이나 특정 업종 악재에 따라 국내 주가는 다르게 움직일 수 있습니다. 연휴 뒤 첫 거래일에는 해외 지수, 환율, 주요 업종 변화를 함께 확인하는 것이 중요합니다.\", \"narration_seconds\": 50.592, \"outro_seconds\": 0.0, \"motion_verified\": true, \"static_image_video_allowed\": true, \"motion_score\": 130.249, \"motion_changed_ratio\": 0.990234, \"motion_sampled_frames\": 24, \"motion_active_pairs\": 3, \"first_frame_brightness\": 168.09, \"first_frame_contrast\": 56.547, \"first_frame_content_ratio\": 0.99067, \"video_bitrate_mbps\": 1.602, \"poster_frame_seconds\": 0.0, \"provider_audio_removed\": false, \"server_only_images\": false, \"lipsync_character_enabled\": false, \"lipsync_character\": {\"enabled\": false}, \"character_safe_area\": \"\", \"provider_audio_preserved\": true}, \"_threads_updated_at\": \"2026-09-24 07:38:39\", \"_threads_post_error\": \"ValueError: Threads 질문이 반복됩니다.\", \"_english\": {\"title\": \"Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea's Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap\", \"summary\": \"Even while South Korea's stock market is closed for the Chuseok holiday, overseas markets, including the U.S. stock market, may continue trading. Korean investors therefore need to monitor exchange rates, overseas stock indexes, and major news developments separately. International developments that occur while the domestic market is closed may be reflected in stock prices on the first trading day after the holiday. Because domestic stock prices move according to the Korea Exchange's trading calendar, domestic\", \"content_markdown\": \"# Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea's Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap\\n\\n==Even while South Korea's stock market is closed for the Chuseok holiday, overseas markets, including the U.S. stock market, may continue trading. Korean investors therefore need to monitor exchange rates, overseas stock indexes, and major news developments separately.== International developments that occur while the domestic market is closed may be reflected in stock prices on the first trading day after the holiday.\\n\\n![Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea's Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Do My Stock Prices Also Stop Moving While the Korean Stock Market Is Closed?\\n\\nDomestic stock prices move according to the Korea Exchange's trading calendar, so trading in KOSPI and KOSDAQ stocks stops when the Korean stock market is closed. However, information from overseas markets connected to the companies investors hold does not stop flowing.\\n\\n![Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea's Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Do My Stock Prices Also Stop Moving While the Korean Stock Market Is Closed? Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nFor example, if the share prices of companies in the same industry change significantly in the U.S. market, exchange rates fluctuate, or ==overseas economic indicators are released, these developments may influence investor sentiment when the Korean stock market reopens.==\\n\\nThe U.S. S\u0026P500 index has also continued to fluctuate from one trading day to another, with its closing level recorded at 7,764.64 as of **2026-09-22**.\\n\\n## What Should Investors Check First on the First Trading Day After the Holiday?\\n\\n![Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea's Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - What Should Investors Check First on the First Trading Day After the Holiday? Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_3_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n^^After a holiday trading gap, it is important to examine three factors together rather than simply checking whether overseas stock indexes rose or fell.^^\\n\\n![Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea's Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Do My Stock Prices Also Stop Moving While the Korean Stock Market Is Closed? Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n| What to Check | Why It Matters |\\n| --- | --- |\\n| Major U.S. stock indexes | Assess global risk appetite |\\n| KRW/USD exchange rate | Influences foreign investor flows and the valuations of Korean companies |\\n| Key industries such as semiconductors and energy | Identify sectors with significant influence on the Korean market |\\n\\nIn particular, even when overseas markets rise, Korean stock prices may react differently depending on exchange rate movements or negative developments affecting specific industries.\\n\\nThis is why the direction of a single stock index is not enough to predict the movements of individual Korean stocks.\\n\\n![Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea's Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Why Korean Stocks May Not Rise Immediately Even When Overseas Markets Gain: Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## Why Korean Stocks May Not Rise Immediately Even When Overseas Markets Gain\\n\\n==A rise in overseas stock markets can be a positive signal for the Korean market,== but the two do not always move in the same direction.\\n\\nThe main reasons for these differences are as follows.\\n\\n### 1. Market Participants Are Different\\n\\nThe U.S. stock market is heavily influenced by American investors and global capital flows, while Korean stock prices also reflect domestic buying and selling activity by foreign investors, institutions, and individual investors.\\n\\n### 2. Exchange Rates Have an Impact\\n\\n==Even when overseas stock markets rise, changes in the value of the Korean won can affect how foreign investors calculate their actual returns.==\\n\\n^^For example, even if U.S. stocks rise, a decline in the value of the dollar may reduce returns when measured in Korean won.^^\\n\\n### 3. Korea Has Its Own Market-Specific Factors\\n\\nDomestic factors such as corporate earnings, policy changes, regulatory disclosures, and industry-specific capital flows can influence Korean stocks independently of overseas market trends.\\n\\n## Investor Checklist Before and After the Holiday\\n\\nBefore and after the Korean stock market's holiday closure, investors can check the following items in order.\\n\\n1. Check the closing direction of major overseas stock indexes\\n2. Check changes in the KRW/USD exchange rate\\n3. Review statements related to U.S. interest rates and economic indicators\\n4. Check major news about Korean companies\\n5. Monitor volatility during the opening hours of the first trading day\\n\\nNot every news development during the holiday will be reflected directly in stock prices. Actual market reactions may vary depending on how market participants interpret the information and on buying and selling activity.\\n\\n## Precautions When Making Investment Decisions During Market Closures\\n\\nEven if overseas markets move sharply while the Korean market is closed, it is difficult to determine in advance which direction individual Korean stocks will take.\\n\\nStock investments are influenced by multiple factors, including overseas indexes, exchange rates, corporate earnings, and market supply and demand. There is no guarantee that past market reactions will repeat in the same way.\\n\\nTherefore, after the holiday, investors need to ask not just whether overseas stock markets rose, but why they rose and whether those reasons are relevant to Korean companies.\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any specific stock or asset. Investors are responsible for their own final decisions and investment outcomes.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [Seoul Short Track World Tour November, 20–22: Comparing Information About the 'December 4th Round' With the Current Schedule](https://neoai.kr/news/article/쇼트트랙-서울-월드투어-11월-2022일-12월-4차-정보와-현재-일정-비교-4ed0b48b)\\n- [What Is a Gap-Up? Understanding Why a Stock Opens Higher and How to Check for Gap Filling](https://neoai.kr/news/article/갭상승이란-주식-시가가-오른-출발의-의미와-갭-메우기-확인-방법-0d21c5a1)\\n- [How to Analyze Stock Investor Flows: How to Analyze Stock Investor Flows, and Why Foreign and Institutional Net Buying Should Be Evaluated Alongside Amounts, Consistency, and Price Movements](https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-수급-분석-방법-주식-수급-분석-방법-외국인기관-순매수는-금액지속성가격까지-같이-봐야-한다-18809783)\\n- [Looking for Stocks Related to the Short Track World Tour? Examine the Corporate Connections Before the Sporting Event](https://neoai.kr/news/article/쇼트트랙-월드투어-관련주-찾는다면-스포츠-이벤트보다-먼저-봐야-할-기업-연결고리-1e9fbd45)\", \"image_alt\": \"Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea's Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap\", \"tags\": [\"U.S. Stock Market\", \"Chuseok\", \"Holiday\", \"Domestic\", \"Stock Market\", \"Market Closure\", \"Overseas Stocks\", \"Why Stocks Keep Moving\", \"Trading Gap\", \"Period\", \"United States\", \"Overseas\", \"Korean Stocks and Stock Market\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eWhy Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-highlight\\\"\u003eEven while South Korea\u0026#x27;s stock market is closed for the Chuseok holiday, overseas markets, including the U.S. stock market, may continue trading. Korean investors therefore need to monitor exchange rates, overseas stock indexes, and major news developments separately.\u003c/strong\u003e International developments that occur while the domestic market is closed may be reflected in stock prices on the first trading day after the holiday.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Informational image summarizing\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhy Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Informational image summarizing\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eDo My Stock Prices Also Stop Moving While the Korean Stock Market Is Closed?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eDomestic stock prices move according to the Korea Exchange\u0026#x27;s trading calendar, so trading in KOSPI and KOSDAQ stocks stops when the Korean stock market is closed. However, information from overseas markets connected to the companies investors hold does not stop flowing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Do My Stock Prices Also Stop Mo\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhy Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Do My Stock Prices Also Stop Mo\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, if the share prices of companies in the same industry change significantly in the U.S. market, exchange rates fluctuate, or \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-highlight\\\"\u003eoverseas economic indicators are released, these developments may influence investor sentiment when the Korean stock market reopens.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. S\u0026amp;P500 index has also continued to fluctuate from one trading day to another, with its closing level recorded at 7,764.64 as of \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003e2026-09-22\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eWhat Should Investors Check First on the First Trading Day After the Holiday?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_3_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - What Should Investors Check Fir\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhy Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - What Should Investors Check Fir\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-warn\\\"\u003eAfter a holiday trading gap, it is important to examine three factors together rather than simply checking whether overseas stock indexes rose or fell.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Do My Stock Prices Also Stop Mo\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhy Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Do My Stock Prices Also Stop Mo\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ctable class=\\\"an-table\\\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth\u003eWhat to Check\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eWhy It Matters\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eMajor U.S. stock indexes\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eAssess global risk appetite\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eKRW/USD exchange rate\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eInfluences foreign investor flows and the valuations of Korean companies\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eKey industries such as semiconductors and energy\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eIdentify sectors with significant influence on the Korean market\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn particular, even when overseas markets rise, Korean stock prices may react differently depending on exchange rate movements or negative developments affecting specific industries.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThis is why the direction of a single stock index is not enough to predict the movements of individual Korean stocks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b8_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Why Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Why Korean Stocks May Not Rise \\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhy Do Overseas Stocks Keep Moving During the Chuseok Holiday When South Korea\u0026#x27;s Stock Market Is Closed? Key Factors to Watch During the 3-Day Gap - Why Korean Stocks May Not Rise \u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eWhy Korean Stocks May Not Rise Immediately Even When Overseas Markets Gain\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-highlight\\\"\u003eA rise in overseas stock markets can be a positive signal for the Korean market,\u003c/strong\u003e but the two do not always move in the same direction.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe main reasons for these differences are as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"an-section-subtitle an-tone-green\\\"\u003e1. Market Participants Are Different\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. stock market is heavily influenced by American investors and global capital flows, while Korean stock prices also reflect domestic buying and selling activity by foreign investors, institutions, and individual investors.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"an-section-subtitle an-tone-green\\\"\u003e2. Exchange Rates Have an Impact\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-highlight\\\"\u003eEven when overseas stock markets rise, changes in the value of the Korean won can affect how foreign investors calculate their actual returns.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-warn\\\"\u003eFor example, even if U.S. stocks rise, a decline in the value of the dollar may reduce returns when measured in Korean won.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"an-section-subtitle an-tone-green\\\"\u003e3. Korea Has Its Own Market-Specific Factors\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eDomestic factors such as corporate earnings, policy changes, regulatory disclosures, and industry-specific capital flows can influence Korean stocks independently of overseas market trends.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eInvestor Checklist Before and After the Holiday\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eBefore and after the Korean stock market\u0026#x27;s holiday closure, investors can check the following items in order.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. Check the closing direction of major overseas stock indexes\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. Check changes in the KRW/USD exchange rate\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. Review statements related to U.S. interest rates and economic indicators\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. Check major news about Korean companies\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e5. Monitor volatility during the opening hours of the first trading day\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eNot every news development during the holiday will be reflected directly in stock prices. Actual market reactions may vary depending on how market participants interpret the information and on buying and selling activity.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003ePrecautions When Making Investment Decisions During Market Closures\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eEven if overseas markets move sharply while the Korean market is closed, it is difficult to determine in advance which direction individual Korean stocks will take.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eStock investments are influenced by multiple factors, including overseas indexes, exchange rates, corporate earnings, and market supply and demand. There is no guarantee that past market reactions will repeat in the same way.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, after the holiday, investors need to ask not just whether overseas stock markets rose, but why they rose and whether those reasons are relevant to Korean companies.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any specific stock or asset. Investors are responsible for their own final decisions and investment outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/쇼트트랙-서울-월드투어-11월-2022일-12월-4차-정보와-현재-일정-비교-4ed0b48b\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eSeoul Short Track World Tour November, 20–22: Comparing Information About the \u0026#x27;December 4th Round\u0026#x27; With the Current Schedule\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/갭상승이란-주식-시가가-오른-출발의-의미와-갭-메우기-확인-방법-0d21c5a1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eWhat Is a Gap-Up? Understanding Why a Stock Opens Higher and How to Check for Gap Filling\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-수급-분석-방법-주식-수급-분석-방법-외국인기관-순매수는-금액지속성가격까지-같이-봐야-한다-18809783\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Analyze Stock Investor Flows: How to Analyze Stock Investor Flows, and Why Foreign and Institutional Net Buying Should Be Evaluated Alongside Amounts, Consistency, and Price Movements\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/쇼트트랙-월드투어-관련주-찾는다면-스포츠-이벤트보다-먼저-봐야-할-기업-연결고리-1e9fbd45\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eLooking for Stocks Related to the Short Track World Tour? Examine the Corporate Connections Before the Sporting Event\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\", \"status\": \"published\", \"source_hash\": \"e1965eaf4fd1dad26a5c5f42ea482c2544bfdf9a0cc5e8afe95c950342dfc097\", \"source_title\": \"추석 연휴 국내 증시 휴장 때 해외주식은 왜 움직일까? 3일 공백에서 확인할 변수\", \"source_summary\": \"국내 증시가 쉬는 추석 연휴 기간에도 미국 등 해외 증시는 거래가 이어질 수 있어 국내 투자자는 환율, 해외 지수, 주요 뉴스 변화를 따로 확인해야 합니다. 국내 시장이 닫혀 있는 동안 발생한 해외 변수는 연휴 이후 첫 거래일 주가에 반영될 수 있습니다. 국내 주식 가격은 한국거래소 거래일 기준으로 움직이기 때문에 국내\"}}", "tags_json": "[\"미국증시\", \"추석\", \"연휴\", \"국내\", \"증시\", \"휴장\", \"해외주식\", \"움직일까\", \"공백\", \"기간\", \"미국\", \"해외\", \"국내주식·증시\"]", "thumbnail_text": "미국증시", "image_url": "/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p793_eb6256ad3aa309b89fe6_s1080.jpg", "image_alt": "추석 연휴 국내 증시 휴장 때 해외주식은 왜 움직일까? 3일 공백에서 확인할 변수", "focus_keyword": "미국증시", "seo_score": 94, "seo_json": "{\"score\": 94, \"focus_keyword\": \"미국증시\", \"platform\": \"auto\", \"platform_label\": \"자동 선택\", \"intent_type\": \"auto\", \"intent_label\": \"자동 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\"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"api_used\": false}, {\"url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_3_s1080.jpg\", \"download_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_3_s1080.jpg?download=1\", \"alt\": \"비트코인이란 무엇일까? 블록체인으로 움직이는 디지털 화폐의 구조와 특징 - 비트코인은 누가 만들었나 핵심 내용을 정리한 정보형 이미지\", \"section\": \"비트코인은 누가 만들었나\", \"line_index\": 17, \"insert_after_line_index\": 17, \"role\": \"body\", \"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"api_used\": false}, {\"url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_2_s1080.jpg\", \"download_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_2_s1080.jpg?download=1\", \"alt\": \"비트코인이란 무엇일까? 블록체인으로 움직이는 디지털 화폐의 구조와 특징 - 비트코인은 정확히 무엇인가 핵심 내용을 정리한 정보형 이미지\", \"section\": \"비트코인은 정확히 무엇인가\", \"line_index\": 43, \"insert_after_line_index\": 43, \"role\": \"body\", 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\"\", \"tts_voicebox_error\": \"\", \"tts_voicebox_auto_fallback\": false, \"narration_text\": \"비트코인이란 블록체인으로 움직이는 디지털 화폐로, 중앙은행이나 한 기업이 관리하지 않고 네트워크 참여자들이 거래 기록을 검증하는 디지털 자산입니다. 다만 비트코인은 가격 변동성이 큰 자산이기 때문에 기술 구조와 투자 위험은 구분해서 이해해야 합니다. 비트코인은 공개 거래 기록 시스템인 블록체인을 이용합니다. 기존 금융 시스템이 은행 같은 중개기관을 통해 거래를 확인한다면, 비트코인은 암호 기술과 분산 네트워크를 활용해 참여자들이 거래 기록의 신뢰를 유지하도록 설계됐습니다. 비트코인은 2008년 10월 31일 사토시 나카모토라는 이름의 백서에서 처음 제안됐고, 2009년 소프트웨어 공개 이후 실제 네트워크가 운영되기 시작했습니다. 여기서 비트코인 네트워크는 거래를 처리하는 전체 시스템을 의미하고, BTC는 그 네트워크에서 사용하는 디지털 단위입니다. 현재도 특정 개인 한 명이 운영하는 구조가 아니라 공개 소프트웨어 기반의 분산형 네트워크로 작동합니다.\", \"narration_seconds\": 58.272, \"outro_seconds\": 0.0, \"motion_verified\": true, \"static_image_video_allowed\": true, \"motion_score\": 129.8685, \"motion_changed_ratio\": 0.990777, \"motion_sampled_frames\": 24, \"motion_active_pairs\": 2, \"first_frame_brightness\": 165.101, \"first_frame_contrast\": 52.142, \"first_frame_content_ratio\": 0.9911, \"video_bitrate_mbps\": 1.468, \"poster_frame_seconds\": 0.0, \"provider_audio_removed\": false, \"server_only_images\": false, \"lipsync_character_enabled\": false, \"lipsync_character\": {\"enabled\": false}, \"character_safe_area\": \"\", \"provider_audio_preserved\": true}, \"_threads_updated_at\": \"2026-09-24 02:32:39\", \"_threads_video_url\": \"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-video/social_post_792_63ca8a438be8f4b3.mp4\", \"_english\": {\"title\": \"What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain\", \"summary\": \"Unlike conventional currencies issued and managed by central banks or individual companies, Bitcoin is a digital asset operated through a system in which participants in an internet network verify transaction records. It was proposed in the Bitcoin white paper published in 2008 and later developed into a decentralized payment network based on open-source software. However, Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset, so it is important to distinguish its technical structure from its investment risks.\", \"content_markdown\": \"# What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain\\n\\n==Unlike conventional currencies issued and managed by central banks or individual companies, Bitcoin is a digital asset operated through a system in which participants in an internet network verify transaction records.== It was proposed in the Bitcoin white paper published in 2008 and later developed into a decentralized payment network based on open-source software. However, Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset, so it is important to distinguish its technical structure from its investment risks.\\n\\n![What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## What Exactly Is Bitcoin?\\n\\nBitcoin is a digital currency that uses a public transaction record system called blockchain. Instead of having a single company or government agency approve every transaction, computers participating in the network verify transaction information and maintain the records.\\n\\n![What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nPut simply, while conventional financial systems rely on intermediaries such as banks to verify transactions, Bitcoin is designed to allow network participants to maintain trustworthy transaction records using cryptography and a decentralized network.\\n\\nThe name Bitcoin is used in two ways.\\n\\n- **Bitcoin network**: The entire system that processes and records transactions\\n- **Bitcoin (BTC)**: The digital unit used within that network\\n\\n## Who Created Bitcoin?\\n\\n![What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing who created Bitcoin](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_3_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nBitcoin was first proposed in a white paper published under the name **2008-10-31** Satoshi Nakamoto. The white paper described an electronic cash system designed to process online transactions without a trusted 3 party, such as a financial institution.\\n\\n![What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\nLater, in 2009, Bitcoin software was released, and the network began operating. Satoshi Nakamoto's real identity has not been publicly verified, and the Bitcoin network is not currently operated by any single individual.\\n\\n![What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing how Bitcoin works](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_4_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n## How Does Bitcoin Work?\\n\\nThe core technologies behind Bitcoin are blockchain and Proof-of-Work.\\n\\nWhen a user sends Bitcoin, the transaction information is broadcast to the network. Multiple participants verify the transaction's validity, and verified transactions are grouped into blocks and linked to existing records. The entire chain of connected transaction records is called the blockchain.\\n\\nThe Bitcoin transaction process generally works as follows.\\n\\n1. A user requests a Bitcoin transfer from their wallet\\n2. Network participants verify the transaction's validity\\n3. The verified transaction is included in a block\\n4. The transaction is recorded on the blockchain and linked to subsequent transaction records\\n\\nThe work involved in processing transactions and helping maintain network security is called mining. Miners are designed to be able to receive rewards in exchange for performing computational work.\\n\\n## How Is Bitcoin Different From Conventional Currency?\\n\\nThe biggest difference between Bitcoin and conventional currency lies in how they are managed.\\n\\n![What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_2_s1080.jpg)\\n\\n\\n| Category | Conventional Currency | Bitcoin |\\n| --- | --- | --- |\\n| Management | Centered on central banks and financial institutions | Based on a decentralized network |\\n| Transaction Records | Managed through financial institutions' internal systems | Recorded on a public blockchain |\\n| Issuance | Changes according to national monetary policy | Operates according to predetermined rules |\\n| Forms of Use | Banknotes, bank accounts, and electronic payments | Digital units (BTC) |\\n\\nHowever, it has not been established that Bitcoin will completely replace conventional currencies. Various factors influence its prospects, including practical use cases, regulatory environments, transaction costs, and price volatility.\\n\\n## What Are Bitcoin's Advantages and Risks?\\n\\nFrequently cited features of Bitcoin include the ability to transfer value without intermediaries and its publicly accessible transaction record system. Users can manage their own wallets through private keys.\\n\\n^^However, there are also important risks to consider.^^\\n\\n==Prices can fluctuate significantly depending on market supply and demand.== In addition, users who manage their own wallets are responsible for securing their private keys. When using Bitcoin-related services, it is important to check their security measures, who holds custody of the assets, applicable fees, and the legal environment.\\n\\n## What Should You Understand First About Bitcoin?\\n\\n^^If you view Bitcoin simply as an investment product whose price goes up, it is easy to overlook its technical structure and risks.^^\\n\\nFor beginners, the following order can help build a clearer understanding.\\n\\n1. Identify the problem Bitcoin was designed to solve\\n2. Understand blockchain and how transactions are verified\\n3. Learn how wallets and private keys work\\n4. Recognize price volatility and security risks\\n\\nBitcoin is both a digital asset and a technology that pioneered a new type of payment network. Therefore, rather than focusing only on price movements, it is important to understand why this system was created and examine both its advantages and limitations.\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular security or asset. All final investment decisions and associated responsibilities rest with the individual investor.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [Can Bitcoin Be an Alternative Investment When Stocks Move Sideways? Why Volatility Matters More Than Correlation](https://neoai.kr/news/article/비트코인은-주식이-횡보할-때-대체-투자처가-될까-상관관계보다-변동성을-먼저-봐야-한다-890103c4)\\n- [Han Dong-hoon's Call for Another Delay in Cryptocurrency Taxation: Issues Resurfacing in 2026 and What to Check](https://neoai.kr/news/article/한동훈-가상자산-과세-재유예-주장-2026년-다시-나온-쟁점과-실제-확인할-기준-4ed2801b)\\n- [How to Read the FOMC Dot Plot: The Numbers That Could Move Bitcoin More Than the Interest Rate Announcement](https://neoai.kr/news/article/fomc-점도표-보는-법-비트코인이-금리-발표보다-더-크게-흔들릴-수-있는-숫자-606a1338)\\n- [Is a Bitcoin Bull Run Coming? Three Signals to Watch After the Recovery to 8 Dollars](https://neoai.kr/news/article/비트코인-불장-오나-8만-달러-회복-뒤-확인할-세-가지-신호-비트코인-불장-오나-8만-달러-회복-뒤-확인할-세-가지-신호-1295485a)\", \"image_alt\": \"What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain\", \"tags\": [\"What Is Bitcoin\", \"Bitcoin Explained\", \"Blockchain\", \"Blockchain-Powered\", \"Digital\", \"Currency\", \"Structure\", \"Features\", \"Bitcoin\", \"Central Bank\", \"Company\", \"Issuance\", \"Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eWhat Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-highlight\\\"\u003eUnlike conventional currencies issued and managed by central banks or individual companies, Bitcoin is a digital asset operated through a system in which participants in an internet network verify transaction records.\u003c/strong\u003e It was proposed in the Bitcoin white paper published in 2008 and later developed into a decentralized payment network based on open-source software. However, Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset, so it is important to distinguish its technical structure from its investment risks.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing the key points\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhat Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing the key points\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhat Exactly Is Bitcoin?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eBitcoin is a digital currency that uses a public transaction record system called blockchain. Instead of having a single company or government agency approve every transaction, computers participating in the network verify transaction information and maintain the records.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhat Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003ePut simply, while conventional financial systems rely on intermediaries such as banks to verify transactions, Bitcoin is designed to allow network participants to maintain trustworthy transaction records using cryptography and a decentralized network.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe name Bitcoin is used in two ways.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eBitcoin network\u003c/strong\u003e: The entire system that processes and records transactions\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eBitcoin (BTC)\u003c/strong\u003e: The digital unit used within that network\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eWho Created Bitcoin?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_3_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing who created Bitcoin\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhat Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing who created Bitcoin\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eBitcoin was first proposed in a white paper published under the name \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003e2008-10-31\u003c/strong\u003e Satoshi Nakamoto. The white paper described an electronic cash system designed to process online transactions without a trusted 3 party, such as a financial institution.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhat Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eLater, in 2009, Bitcoin software was released, and the network began operating. Satoshi Nakamoto\u0026#x27;s real identity has not been publicly verified, and the Bitcoin network is not currently operated by any single individual.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_4_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing how Bitcoin works\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhat Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing how Bitcoin works\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eHow Does Bitcoin Work?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eThe core technologies behind Bitcoin are blockchain and Proof-of-Work.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen a user sends Bitcoin, the transaction information is broadcast to the network. Multiple participants verify the transaction\u0026#x27;s validity, and verified transactions are grouped into blocks and linked to existing records. The entire chain of connected transaction records is called the blockchain.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe Bitcoin transaction process generally works as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. A user requests a Bitcoin transfer from their wallet\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. Network participants verify the transaction\u0026#x27;s validity\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. The verified transaction is included in a block\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. The transaction is recorded on the blockchain and linked to subsequent transaction records\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe work involved in processing transactions and helping maintain network security is called mining. Miners are designed to be able to receive rewards in exchange for performing computational work.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eHow Is Bitcoin Different From Conventional Currency?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThe biggest difference between Bitcoin and conventional currency lies in how they are managed.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p792_113347588f98f1de_2_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eWhat Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain - An informational image summarizing what Bitcoin is\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003ctable class=\\\"an-table\\\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eConventional Currency\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eBitcoin\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eManagement\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eCentered on central banks and financial institutions\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eBased on a decentralized network\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eTransaction Records\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eManaged through financial institutions\u0026#x27; internal systems\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eRecorded on a public blockchain\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eIssuance\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eChanges according to national monetary policy\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eOperates according to predetermined rules\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eForms of Use\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eBanknotes, bank accounts, and electronic payments\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eDigital units (BTC)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, it has not been established that Bitcoin will completely replace conventional currencies. Various factors influence its prospects, including practical use cases, regulatory environments, transaction costs, and price volatility.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eWhat Are Bitcoin\u0026#x27;s Advantages and Risks?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eFrequently cited features of Bitcoin include the ability to transfer value without intermediaries and its publicly accessible transaction record system. Users can manage their own wallets through private keys.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-warn\\\"\u003eHowever, there are also important risks to consider.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-highlight\\\"\u003ePrices can fluctuate significantly depending on market supply and demand.\u003c/strong\u003e In addition, users who manage their own wallets are responsible for securing their private keys. When using Bitcoin-related services, it is important to check their security measures, who holds custody of the assets, applicable fees, and the legal environment.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eWhat Should You Understand First About Bitcoin?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-warn\\\"\u003eIf you view Bitcoin simply as an investment product whose price goes up, it is easy to overlook its technical structure and risks.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor beginners, the following order can help build a clearer understanding.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e1. Identify the problem Bitcoin was designed to solve\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e2. Understand blockchain and how transactions are verified\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e3. Learn how wallets and private keys work\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e4. Recognize price volatility and security risks\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eBitcoin is both a digital asset and a technology that pioneered a new type of payment network. Therefore, rather than focusing only on price movements, it is important to understand why this system was created and examine both its advantages and limitations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute an investment recommendation for any particular security or asset. All final investment decisions and associated responsibilities rest with the individual investor.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/비트코인은-주식이-횡보할-때-대체-투자처가-될까-상관관계보다-변동성을-먼저-봐야-한다-890103c4\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eCan Bitcoin Be an Alternative Investment When Stocks Move Sideways? Why Volatility Matters More Than Correlation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/한동훈-가상자산-과세-재유예-주장-2026년-다시-나온-쟁점과-실제-확인할-기준-4ed2801b\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHan Dong-hoon\u0026#x27;s Call for Another Delay in Cryptocurrency Taxation: Issues Resurfacing in 2026 and What to Check\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/fomc-점도표-보는-법-비트코인이-금리-발표보다-더-크게-흔들릴-수-있는-숫자-606a1338\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Read the FOMC Dot Plot: The Numbers That Could Move Bitcoin More Than the Interest Rate Announcement\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/비트코인-불장-오나-8만-달러-회복-뒤-확인할-세-가지-신호-비트코인-불장-오나-8만-달러-회복-뒤-확인할-세-가지-신호-1295485a\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eIs a Bitcoin Bull Run Coming? Three Signals to Watch After the Recovery to 8 Dollars\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\", \"status\": \"published\", \"source_hash\": \"d6ecd94501fd206249da6c981592ff0621990634e9f53356b87b181d7f7a65eb\", \"source_title\": \"비트코인이란 무엇일까? 블록체인으로 움직이는 디지털 화폐의 구조와 특징\", \"source_summary\": \"비트코인은 중앙은행이나 한 기업이 발행·관리하는 일반적인 화폐와 달리, 인터넷 네트워크 참여자들이 거래 기록을 검증하는 방식으로 운영되는 디지털 자산입니다. 2008년 공개된 비트코인 백서에서 제안됐고, 이후 공개 소프트웨어 기반의 분산형 결제 네트워크로 발전했습니다. 다만 비트코인은 가격 변동성이 큰 자산이므로 기술 구\"}}", "tags_json": "[\"비트코인이란\", \"무엇일까\", \"블록체인\", \"움직\", \"디지털\", \"화폐\", \"구조\", \"특징\", \"비트코인\", \"중앙은행\", \"기업\", \"발행\", \"비트코인·가상자산\"]", "thumbnail_text": "What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain", "image_url": "/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p792_113347588f98f1def370_s1080.jpg", "image_alt": "What Is Bitcoin? The Structure and Features of a Digital Currency Powered by Blockchain", "focus_keyword": "비트코인이란", "seo_score": 94, "seo_json": "{\"score\": 94, \"focus_keyword\": \"비트코인이란\", \"platform\": \"auto\", \"platform_label\": \"자동 선택\", \"intent_type\": \"auto\", \"intent_label\": \"자동 분석\", \"content_mode\": \"basic\", \"checks\": {\"title_length\": true, \"summary_length\": true, \"body_length_for_platform\": true, \"opening_answers_intent\": true, \"section_fit_for_platform\": true, \"paragraph_structure\": true, \"has_unique_element\": true, \"information_gain_2plus\": true, \"has_caution\": true, \"tag_balance\": true, \"focus_relevance\": true, \"natural_keyword_density\": true, \"low_sentence_repetition\": true, \"natural_emphasis\": true, \"has_kst_basis_date\": false, \"no_generic_repeated_phrases\": true, \"specific_section_headings\": true, \"data_is_easy_to_scan\": true, \"no_forbidden_words\": true, \"title_not_clickbait\": true, \"condition_clarity\": true, \"entity_clarity\": true, \"source_signal\": true, \"visual_accessibility\": true, \"feed_visual_ratio_ready\": false}, \"forbidden_hits\": [], \"content_quality_score\": 80, \"platform_fit_score\": 87, \"cross_platform_visibility_score\": 86, \"visibility_scores\": {\"google_search\": 92, \"google_discover\": 78, \"google_news\": 84, \"google_ai_summary\": 90, \"naver_search\": 90, \"naver_home_feed\": 89}, \"platform_scores\": {\"google_search\": 92, \"google_discover\": 78, \"google_news\": 84, \"google_ai_summary\": 90, \"naver_search\": 90, \"naver_home_feed\": 89}, \"content_quality_checks\": {\"search_intent\": true, \"originality_information_gain\": true, \"facts_sources_freshness\": false, \"expertise_trust\": true, \"structure_readability\": true, \"technical_searchability\": true, \"visual_accessibility\": true}, \"score_meaning\": \"internal_publish_readiness_not_ranking_probability\", \"visibility_score_meaning\": \"internal_multi_surface_readiness_not_impression_probability\", 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"", "tts_fallback_from": "", "tts_voicebox_error": "", "tts_voicebox_auto_fallback": false, "narration_text": "비트코인이란 블록체인으로 움직이는 디지털 화폐로, 중앙은행이나 한 기업이 관리하지 않고 네트워크 참여자들이 거래 기록을 검증하는 디지털 자산입니다. 다만 비트코인은 가격 변동성이 큰 자산이기 때문에 기술 구조와 투자 위험은 구분해서 이해해야 합니다. 비트코인은 공개 거래 기록 시스템인 블록체인을 이용합니다. 기존 금융 시스템이 은행 같은 중개기관을 통해 거래를 확인한다면, 비트코인은 암호 기술과 분산 네트워크를 활용해 참여자들이 거래 기록의 신뢰를 유지하도록 설계됐습니다. 비트코인은 2008년 10월 31일 사토시 나카모토라는 이름의 백서에서 처음 제안됐고, 2009년 소프트웨어 공개 이후 실제 네트워크가 운영되기 시작했습니다. 여기서 비트코인 네트워크는 거래를 처리하는 전체 시스템을 의미하고, BTC는 그 네트워크에서 사용하는 디지털 단위입니다. 현재도 특정 개인 한 명이 운영하는 구조가 아니라 공개 소프트웨어 기반의 분산형 네트워크로 작동합니다.", "narration_seconds": 58.272, "outro_seconds": 0.0, "motion_verified": true, "static_image_video_allowed": true, "motion_score": 129.8685, "motion_changed_ratio": 0.990777, "motion_sampled_frames": 24, "motion_active_pairs": 2, "first_frame_brightness": 165.101, "first_frame_contrast": 52.142, "first_frame_content_ratio": 0.9911, "video_bitrate_mbps": 1.468, "poster_frame_seconds": 0.0, 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\"created_at\": \"2026-09-24 01:07:54\", \"provider\": \"chatgpt_web\", \"source_kind\": \"gpt\", \"role\": \"thumbnail\"}, \"_english\": {\"title\": \"Looking for Short Track World Tour-Related Stocks? Examine Corporate Connections Before the Sporting Event\", \"summary\": \"Looking for Short Track World Tour-related stocks? Examine corporate connections before the sporting event\", \"content_markdown\": \"# Looking for Short Track World Tour-Related Stocks? Examine Corporate Connections Before the Sporting Event\\n\\nNews of the Short Track World Tour being held in Seoul may spark interest in related stocks, but hosting an international sporting event alone is not enough to predict a rise in any particular company's share price. When evaluating potential investments, it is necessary to examine how the event could affect corporate revenue, contracts, brand exposure, and business performance.\\n\\n![Looking for Short Track World Tour-related stocks? Examine corporate connections before the sporting event - Informational image summarizing the key points](https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p791_c06a45775a0d093a_1_s1080.jpg)\\n\\nThe connection between sporting events and the stock market is not simply \\\"event hosted = beneficiary stocks.\\\" Instead, it depends on **whether sponsorship agreements, event operations, equipment supply, advertising benefits, and increased consumption translate into actual business results**.\\n\\n## What Should You Check First When Looking for Short Track World Tour-Related Stocks?\\n\\nWhen evaluating stocks associated with the Short Track World Tour, the first priority should be verifying actual business connections rather than focusing on company names.\\n\\nThe International Skating Union (ISU) Short Track World Tour is an international competition organized according to schedules in different host countries, and international competitions have also been held in South Korea.\\n\\nHowever, the fact that a competition is taking place does not mean that every company in the following categories will benefit directly.\\n\\n- Whether the company has signed an official sponsorship agreement\\n- Whether the company generates revenue from event operations\\n- Whether sports marketing expenditures actually lead to increased brand value\\n- Whether an increase in sales of related products can be verified\\n\\nStock prices may reflect expectations about the future, but expectations and actual financial performance are not the same thing.\\n\\n## How Do Different Types of Sporting Event-Related Stocks Respond?\\n\\nCompanies associated with sporting events can be divided into several broad categories.\\n\\n| Category | What to Check |\\n| --- | --- |\\n| Sponsoring companies | Whether they have official event partnerships or advertising contracts |\\n| Sporting goods companies | Whether sales of equipment, apparel, and other sporting goods increase |\\n| Media and content companies | Whether they have connections to broadcasting or content businesses |\\n| Consumer-related companies | Whether increased spectator numbers translate into revenue |\\n\\nFor example, an international sporting event may generate greater advertising exposure or brand recognition. However, its actual impact on share prices may vary depending on the size of the contracts, the contribution to overall corporate performance, and the level of market expectations.\\n\\n## Why Hosting a Short Track Competition Does Not Automatically Increase Earnings\\n\\nSporting events are concentrated within a limited period.\\n\\nEven if public interest increases during the competition, several steps must occur before that attention is reflected in a company's financial results.\\n\\n**Event takes place → Corporate exposure increases → Consumer behavior changes → Revenue increases → Financial results reflect the increase**\\n\\nIf any link in this process fails to materialize, the event is unlikely to remain a lasting driver of the stock price.\\n\\nIn particular, sponsorship arrangements or event-related expectations that are already known to the market may have been priced into shares before the event actually takes place.\\n\\nTherefore, it is more important to ask \\\"Which financial figures will change for which companies?\\\" than simply \\\"Is the event taking place?\\\"\\n\\n## 5 Things to Check When Evaluating Short Track-Related Stocks\\n\\n### 1. Verify Official Contracts\\n\\nThe first thing to check is whether a direct connection exists between the company and the competition.\\n\\nClassifying a company as a related stock simply because it operates in the same sports sector may misrepresent its actual business relationship with the event.\\n\\n### 2. Check Revenue Size and Contribution\\n\\nThe proportion of total corporate revenue generated by the relevant business is also important.\\n\\nFor large companies, even when sports marketing produces positive results, the impact on overall financial performance may be limited.\\n\\n### 3. Distinguish One-Time Events From Recurring Business\\n\\nHosting an international competition can attract attention, but that is different from having a recurring revenue structure.\\n\\nFrom a long-term investment perspective, investors should examine sustainable business models rather than focusing on one-off events.\\n\\n### 4. Check Whether the Event Is Already Priced In\\n\\nThe stock market sometimes reflects expectations before an official announcement is made.\\n\\nTherefore, rather than assuming the cause of a price movement based solely on what happens after the news is released, investors should also examine trading volume, earnings announcements, and corporate disclosures.\\n\\n### 5. Examine Profitability and Risk Factors\\n\\nEven sports-related companies face various risks, including costs, economic downturns, changes in consumer spending, and contract expirations.\\n\\nCaution is needed when forecasting profits based on a single event.\\n\\n## What Else Should You Examine After the Short Track World Tour?\\n\\nInternational sporting events held in Seoul can provide an opportunity to stimulate interest in the local economy and sports industry. The Seoul Metropolitan Government includes the 2026/27 ISU Short Track World Tour 4 event in its international sporting events schedule for 2026.\\n\\nHowever, from a stock investment perspective, the following information still needs to be verified.\\n\\n- Whether official sponsorship announcements have been made\\n- Information contained in corporate disclosures\\n- Changes in sales of related products\\n- Impact on quarterly financial results\\n- Differences between market expectations and actual outcomes\\n\\nWhen looking for stocks related to the Short Track World Tour, the key question is not \\\"Which stock will rise?\\\" but rather \\\"Which companies have a business structure that allows them to generate actual revenue?\\\"\\n\\n※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation to buy any particular stock or asset. Final investment decisions and responsibility rest with the individual investor.\\n\\n## Related Articles\\n\\n- [Seoul Short Track World Tour, November 20–22: Comparing Information About the 'December 4 Event' With the Current Schedule](https://neoai.kr/news/article/쇼트트랙-서울-월드투어-11월-2022일-12월-4차-정보와-현재-일정-비교-4ed0b48b)\\n- [How to Analyze Stock Supply and Demand: Foreign and Institutional Net Buying Should Be Evaluated by Amount, Persistence, and Price](https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-수급-분석-방법-주식-수급-분석-방법-외국인기관-순매수는-금액지속성가격까지-같이-봐야-한다-18809783)\\n- [How to Identify a Stock Market Bottom: 4 Signals to Check Before RSI 30](https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-바닥-구분방법-rsi-30보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-신호-c978613e)\\n- [What Is a Gap Up? Understanding a Higher Opening Stock Price and How to Identify Gap Filling](https://neoai.kr/news/article/갭상승이란-주식-시가가-오른-출발의-의미와-갭-메우기-확인-방법-0d21c5a1)\", \"image_alt\": \"Looking for Short Track World Tour-related stocks? Examine corporate connections before the sporting event\", \"tags\": [\"Short Track Speed Skating\", \"World Tour\", \"Related Stocks\", \"Stock Research\", \"Sports\", \"Events\", \"Key Considerations\", \"Companies\", \"Corporate Connections\", \"Seoul\", \"Event Hosting\", \"News\", \"South Korean Stocks and Stock Market\"], \"content_html\": \"\u003ch1\u003eLooking for Short Track World Tour-Related Stocks? Examine Corporate Connections Before the Sporting Event\u003c/h1\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-lead-paragraph\\\"\u003eNews of the Short Track World Tour being held in Seoul may spark interest in related stocks, but hosting an international sporting event alone is not enough to predict a rise in any particular company\u0026#x27;s share price. When evaluating potential investments, it is necessary to examine how the event could affect corporate revenue, contracts, brand exposure, and business performance.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cfigure class=\\\"an-generated-figure\\\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\\\"an-inline-img\\\" src=\\\"https://neoai.kr/api/auto-news/generated-image/body_p791_c06a45775a0d093a_1_s1080.jpg\\\" alt=\\\"Looking for Short Track World Tour-related stocks? Examine corporate connections before the sporting event - Informational image summarizing the key points\\\" loading=\\\"lazy\\\"\u003e\u003cfigcaption class=\\\"an-figcaption\\\"\u003eLooking for Short Track World Tour-related stocks? Examine corporate connections before the sporting event - Informational image summarizing the key points\u003c/figcaption\u003e\u003c/figure\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe connection between sporting events and the stock market is not simply \u0026quot;event hosted = beneficiary stocks.\u0026quot; Instead, it depends on \u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003ewhether sponsorship agreements, event operations, equipment supply, advertising benefits, and increased consumption translate into actual business results\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhat Should You Check First When Looking for Short Track World Tour-Related Stocks?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eWhen evaluating stocks associated with the Short Track World Tour, the first priority should be verifying actual business connections rather than focusing on company names.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe International Skating Union (ISU) Short Track World Tour is an international competition organized according to schedules in different host countries, and international competitions have also been held in South Korea.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the fact that a competition is taking place does not mean that every company in the following categories will benefit directly.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eWhether the company has signed an official sponsorship agreement\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eWhether the company generates revenue from event operations\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eWhether sports marketing expenditures actually lead to increased brand value\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eWhether an increase in sales of related products can be verified\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eStock prices may reflect expectations about the future, but expectations and actual financial performance are not the same thing.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eHow Do Different Types of Sporting Event-Related Stocks Respond?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eCompanies associated with sporting events can be divided into several broad categories.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ctable class=\\\"an-table\\\"\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth\u003eCategory\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth\u003eWhat to Check\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSponsoring companies\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eWhether they have official event partnerships or advertising contracts\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSporting goods companies\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eWhether sales of equipment, apparel, and other sporting goods increase\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eMedia and content companies\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eWhether they have connections to broadcasting or content businesses\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eConsumer-related companies\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eWhether increased spectator numbers translate into revenue\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor example, an international sporting event may generate greater advertising exposure or brand recognition. However, its actual impact on share prices may vary depending on the size of the contracts, the contribution to overall corporate performance, and the level of market expectations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eWhy Hosting a Short Track Competition Does Not Automatically Increase Earnings\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-green\\\"\u003eSporting events are concentrated within a limited period.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eEven if public interest increases during the competition, several steps must occur before that attention is reflected in a company\u0026#x27;s financial results.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong class=\\\"an-emphasis an-emphasis-key\\\"\u003eEvent takes place → Corporate exposure increases → Consumer behavior changes → Revenue increases → Financial results reflect the increase\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIf any link in this process fails to materialize, the event is unlikely to remain a lasting driver of the stock price.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eIn particular, sponsorship arrangements or event-related expectations that are already known to the market may have been priced into shares before the event actually takes place.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, it is more important to ask \u0026quot;Which financial figures will change for which companies?\u0026quot; than simply \u0026quot;Is the event taking place?\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e5 Things to Check When Evaluating Short Track-Related Stocks\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"an-section-subtitle an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e1. Verify Official Contracts\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-blue\\\"\u003eThe first thing to check is whether a direct connection exists between the company and the competition.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eClassifying a company as a related stock simply because it operates in the same sports sector may misrepresent its actual business relationship with the event.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"an-section-subtitle an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e2. Check Revenue Size and Contribution\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe proportion of total corporate revenue generated by the relevant business is also important.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFor large companies, even when sports marketing produces positive results, the impact on overall financial performance may be limited.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"an-section-subtitle an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e3. Distinguish One-Time Events From Recurring Business\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHosting an international competition can attract attention, but that is different from having a recurring revenue structure.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eFrom a long-term investment perspective, investors should examine sustainable business models rather than focusing on one-off events.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"an-section-subtitle an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e4. Check Whether the Event Is Already Priced In\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eThe stock market sometimes reflects expectations before an official announcement is made.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, rather than assuming the cause of a price movement based solely on what happens after the news is released, investors should also examine trading volume, earnings announcements, and corporate disclosures.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch3 class=\\\"an-section-subtitle an-tone-blue\\\"\u003e5. Examine Profitability and Risk Factors\u003c/h3\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eEven sports-related companies face various risks, including costs, economic downturns, changes in consumer spending, and contract expirations.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eCaution is needed when forecasting profits based on a single event.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eWhat Else Should You Examine After the Short Track World Tour?\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-section-lead an-tone-purple\\\"\u003eInternational sporting events held in Seoul can provide an opportunity to stimulate interest in the local economy and sports industry. The Seoul Metropolitan Government includes the 2026/27 ISU Short Track World Tour 4 event in its international sporting events schedule for 2026.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, from a stock investment perspective, the following information still needs to be verified.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eWhether official sponsorship announcements have been made\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eInformation contained in corporate disclosures\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eChanges in sales of related products\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eImpact on quarterly financial results\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003eDifferences between market expectations and actual outcomes\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp\u003eWhen looking for stocks related to the Short Track World Tour, the key question is not \u0026quot;Which stock will rise?\u0026quot; but rather \u0026quot;Which companies have a business structure that allows them to generate actual revenue?\u0026quot;\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-note-paragraph\\\"\u003e※ This article is provided for informational purposes to help readers understand market trends and does not constitute investment advice or a recommendation to buy any particular stock or asset. Final investment decisions and responsibility rest with the individual investor.\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003ch2 class=\\\"an-section-title an-tone-green\\\"\u003eRelated Articles\u003c/h2\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/쇼트트랙-서울-월드투어-11월-2022일-12월-4차-정보와-현재-일정-비교-4ed0b48b\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eSeoul Short Track World Tour, November 20–22: Comparing Information About the \u0026#x27;December 4 Event\u0026#x27; With the Current Schedule\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-수급-분석-방법-주식-수급-분석-방법-외국인기관-순매수는-금액지속성가격까지-같이-봐야-한다-18809783\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Analyze Stock Supply and Demand: Foreign and Institutional Net Buying Should Be Evaluated by Amount, Persistence, and Price\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/주식-바닥-구분방법-rsi-30보다-먼저-봐야-할-4가지-신호-c978613e\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eHow to Identify a Stock Market Bottom: 4 Signals to Check Before RSI 30\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\\n\u003cp class=\\\"an-bullet\\\"\u003e\u003ca href=\\\"https://neoai.kr/news/article/갭상승이란-주식-시가가-오른-출발의-의미와-갭-메우기-확인-방법-0d21c5a1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"nofollow noopener\\\"\u003eWhat Is a Gap Up? Understanding a Higher Opening Stock Price and How to Identify Gap Filling\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\", \"status\": \"published\", \"source_hash\": \"1497cc6a46ff5e0229fad47b4aa7ba14502c72934fe6e066221dff03b343ffb1\", \"source_title\": \"쇼트트랙 월드투어 관련주 찾는다면, 스포츠 이벤트보다 먼저 봐야 할 기업 연결고리\", \"source_summary\": \"쇼트트랙 월드투어 관련주 찾는다면, 스포츠 이벤트보다 먼저 봐야 할 기업 연결고리\"}}", "tags_json": "[\"쇼트트랙\", \"월드투어\", \"관련주\", \"찾는다면\", \"스포츠\", \"이벤트\", \"봐야\", \"기업\", \"연결고리\", \"서울\", \"개최\", \"소식\", \"국내주식·증시\"]", "thumbnail_text": "쇼트트랙", "image_url": "/api/auto-news/generated-image/thumb_p791_c06a45775a0d093a358c_s1080.jpg", "image_alt": "쇼트트랙 월드투어 관련주 찾는다면, 스포츠 이벤트보다 먼저 봐야 할 기업 연결고리", "focus_keyword": "쇼트트랙", "seo_score": 94, "seo_json": "{\"score\": 94, \"focus_keyword\": \"쇼트트랙\", \"platform\": \"auto\", \"platform_label\": \"자동 선택\", \"intent_type\": \"auto\", \"intent_label\": \"자동 분석\", \"content_mode\": \"basic\", \"checks\": {\"title_length\": true, \"summary_length\": true, 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\"naver_home_feed\": 89}, \"platform_scores\": {\"google_search\": 92, \"google_discover\": 78, \"google_news\": 84, \"google_ai_summary\": 90, \"naver_search\": 90, \"naver_home_feed\": 89}, \"content_quality_checks\": {\"search_intent\": true, \"originality_information_gain\": true, \"facts_sources_freshness\": false, \"expertise_trust\": true, \"structure_readability\": true, \"technical_searchability\": true, \"visual_accessibility\": true}, \"score_meaning\": \"internal_publish_readiness_not_ranking_probability\", \"visibility_score_meaning\": \"internal_multi_surface_readiness_not_impression_probability\", \"information_gain_groups\": 4, \"has_visual_asset\": true, \"selected_thumbnail_aspect_ratio\": \"1:1\", \"feed_visual_ratio_ready\": false, \"source_verification_count\": 0, \"blocking_flags\": [], \"quality_flags\": [\"missing_kst_basis_date\"], \"metrics\": {\"paragraph_count\": 36, \"sentence_count\": 31, \"duplicate_sentence_ratio\": 0.0, \"focus_keyword_count\": 12, 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"2026-10-15 21:19:53", "category": "해외AI·IT", "local_url": "/news/category/해외aiit", "public_url": "https://neoai.kr/news/category/해외aiit"}, {"id": 14, "name": "해외경제·미국주식", "slug": "해외경제미국주식", "description": "", "sort_order": 0, "created_at": "2026-07-31 10:08:46", "updated_at": "2026-07-31 10:08:46", "count": 69, "last_post_at": "2026-10-17 19:19:07", "category": "해외경제·미국주식", "local_url": "/news/category/해외경제미국주식", "public_url": "https://neoai.kr/news/category/해외경제미국주식"}, {"id": 15, "name": "해외뉴스", "slug": "해외뉴스", "description": "", "sort_order": 0, "created_at": "2026-07-31 10:08:46", "updated_at": "2026-07-31 10:08:46", "count": 74, "last_post_at": "2026-09-25 23:15:34", "category": "해외뉴스", "local_url": "/news/category/해외뉴스", "public_url": "https://neoai.kr/news/category/해외뉴스"}], "pagination": {"page": 16, "page_size": 10, "total": 568, "total_pages": 57}, "filters": {"q": "", "category": "", "status": "published", "platform": "", "page_size": 10}, "language": "en"},canManage=false;
    const newsLanguage=initialData.language||"ko";
    const filters=initialData.filters||{};
    const state={page:1,totalPages:1,pageSize:Number(filters.page_size||10),q:filters.q||"",category:filters.category||"",status:filters.status||(canManage?"all":"published"),platform:filters.platform||""};
    const $=id=>document.getElementById(id),grid=$("anGrid"),empty=$("anEmpty"),count=$("anCount"),toast=$("anToast"),modal=$("anModal"),editModal=$("anEditModal"),editForm=$("anEditForm"),categoryManagerModal=$("anCategoryManagerModal"),categoryAddForm=$("anCategoryAddForm"),categoryManagerList=$("anCategoryManagerList"),coupangManagerModal=$("anCoupangManagerModal"),coupangAddForm=$("anCoupangAddForm"),coupangManagerList=$("anCoupangManagerList"),schedulerManagerModal=$("anSchedulerManagerModal"),schedulerForm=$("anSchedulerForm"),schedulerTimes=$("anSchedulerTimes"),promptManagerModal=$("anPromptManagerModal"),promptPlatformList=$("anPromptPlatformList"),promptProfileList=$("anPromptProfileList"),promptEditorForm=$("anPromptEditorForm"),externalSettingsModal=$("anExternalSettingsModal"),externalSettingsCategories=$("anExternalSettingsCategories"),externalSettingsList=$("anExternalSettingsList");
    let schedulerTimePresets={odd:["05:00","07:00","09:00","11:00","13:00","15:00","17:00","19:00","21:00","23:00"],even:["06:00","08:00","10:00","12:00","14:00","16:00","18:00","20:00","22:00","00:00"]};
    const manualChatgptUrl="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-6a5f2a34dfe881919899f1cdd00ef1b3-neibeobeulrogeu-sangwi1-poseuting-bangbeob2";
    // ver144: Blogger 체크값은 실제 OAuth 연결 상태와 함께 사용합니다. 연결 전에는
    // 실패 작업을 만들지 않고 관리자 연결 화면으로 안내합니다.
    let bloggerConnected=false;
    // ver534: 서버가 429 Retry-After를 반환하면 같은 브라우저에서 버튼을 반복 눌러
    // 보호 제한 메시지를 계속 만드는 대신 남은 냉각시간 동안 신규 ChatGPT 생성 클릭을 막습니다.
    let chatgptClientCooldownUntil=0;
    function setChatgptClientCooldown(seconds,detail=""){const safe=Math.max(1,Number(seconds||0)||600);chatgptClientCooldownUntil=Date.now()+safe*1000;const btn=$("anKeywordGenerateBtn");if(btn)btn.disabled=true;notice(detail||`ChatGPT 보호 제한으로 약 ${Math.ceil(safe/60)}분 동안 새 생성 요청을 보내지 않습니다.`);setTimeout(()=>{if(Date.now()>=chatgptClientCooldownUntil&&btn)btn.disabled=false},Math.min(safe*1000,2147483647))}
    function chatgptClientCooldownRemaining(){return Math.max(0,Math.ceil((chatgptClientCooldownUntil-Date.now())/1000))}
    // ver356: 수동 포스팅 체크박스·드롭다운은 브라우저 localStorage에 저장합니다.
    // 페이지 새로고침/재접속 후에도 마지막 선택값을 복원하며 파일 input은 브라우저 보안상 저장하지 않습니다.
    const MANUAL_GENERATION_PREFS_KEY="auto_news_manual_generation_preferences_v1";
    const MANUAL_GENERATION_SELECT_IDS=["anPlatformSelect","anIntentSelect","anModeSelect","anChatGPTModeSelect","anImageCountSelect","anThumbnailAspectSelect","anVideoAspectSelect","anImageProviderSelect","anVideoProviderSelect","anTtsProviderSelect","anHomepageImageSourceMode","anVideoSourceMode"];
    const MANUAL_GENERATION_CHECK_IDS=["anPublishThreadsCheck","anPublishInstagramCheck","anPublishTikTokCheck","anPublishYouTubeCheck","anPublishYouTubeLongformCheck","anPublishFacebookCheck","anPublishXCheck","anPublishBloggerCheck","anCoupangAutoCodeCheck"];
    const schedulerAspect=document.createElement("select");schedulerAspect.id="anSchedulerThumbnailAspect";schedulerAspect.className="an-select";schedulerAspect.title="자동 포스팅 썸네일과 문단 이미지의 비율과 정확한 출력 크기. 1:1은 가로·세로 영상 원본으로 모두 안전하게 재사용할 수 있도록 중앙 안전영역 기준으로 처리됩니다.";schedulerAspect.innerHTML='<option value="16:9">가로 16:9 · 1280×720</option><option value="9:16">세로 9:16 · 720×1280</option><option value="1:1">정사각형 1:1 · 1080×1080</option>';if($("anSchedulerImageCount"))$("anSchedulerImageCount").insertAdjacentElement("afterend",schedulerAspect);const schedulerVideoAspect=document.createElement("select");schedulerVideoAspect.id="anSchedulerVideoAspect";schedulerVideoAspect.className="an-select";schedulerVideoAspect.title="자동 포스팅 동영상 출력 비율입니다. 기본은 이미지 비율을 따르며, 1:1 이미지를 선택한 경우에만 9:16 세로형 또는 16:9 가로형으로 강제할 수 있습니다.";schedulerVideoAspect.innerHTML='<option value="match">동영상 비율 · 이미지에 맞춤</option><option value="9:16">동영상 세로 9:16 · 1080×1920</option><option value="16:9">동영상 가로 16:9 · 1920×1080</option>';if($("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect"))$("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect").insertAdjacentElement("afterend",schedulerVideoAspect);
    function readManualGenerationPreferences(){try{const raw=localStorage.getItem(MANUAL_GENERATION_PREFS_KEY);const data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{};return data&&typeof data==="object"?data:{}}catch(e){return{}}}
    function saveManualGenerationPreferences(){try{const data={};MANUAL_GENERATION_SELECT_IDS.forEach(id=>{const el=$(id);if(el)data[id]=String(el.value||"")});MANUAL_GENERATION_CHECK_IDS.forEach(id=>{const el=$(id);if(el)data[id]=Boolean(el.checked)});localStorage.setItem(MANUAL_GENERATION_PREFS_KEY,JSON.stringify(data))}catch(e){console.warn("[AUTO_NEWS] manual preferences save skipped",e)}}
    function restoreManualGenerationPreferences(){const data=readManualGenerationPreferences();MANUAL_GENERATION_SELECT_IDS.forEach(id=>{const el=$(id),value=data[id];if(!el||value==null)return;const valid=[...el.options].some(option=>option.value===String(value));if(valid)el.value=String(value)});MANUAL_GENERATION_CHECK_IDS.forEach(id=>{const el=$(id);if(el&&typeof data[id]==="boolean")el.checked=data[id]});if($("anPlatformSelect")&&$("anPlatformSelect").value==="all"&&$("anModeSelect"))$("anModeSelect").value="all"}
    function bindManualGenerationPreferenceMemory(){[...MANUAL_GENERATION_SELECT_IDS,...MANUAL_GENERATION_CHECK_IDS].forEach(id=>{const el=$(id);if(!el)return;el.addEventListener("change",saveManualGenerationPreferences)})}
    function syncParagraphImageProviderSelection(){if($("anImageCountSelect")&&$("anImageCountSelect").value==="paragraphs"&&$("anImageProviderSelect"))$("anImageProviderSelect").value="gpt";if($("anSchedulerImageCount")&&normalizedSchedulerImageCount($("anSchedulerImageCount").value)==="paragraphs"&&$("anSchedulerImageProvider"))$("anSchedulerImageProvider").value="gpt"}
    function syncVideoAspectSelectors(){const manualThumb=$("anThumbnailAspectSelect"),manualVideo=$("anVideoAspectSelect"),schedulerThumb=$("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect"),schedulerVideo=$("anSchedulerVideoAspect");const apply=(thumb,video)=>{if(!thumb||!video)return;const square=String(thumb.value||"")==="1:1";video.disabled=!square;if(!square)video.value="match";if(square&&!["9:16","16:9"].includes(String(video.value||"")))video.value="9:16";video.title=square?"1:1 이미지를 영상으로 만들 때 출력 비율을 고릅니다. 중앙 안전영역을 유지한 채 세로 9:16 또는 가로 16:9로 제작합니다.":"현재 이미지 비율이 1:1이 아니므로 동영상도 이미지 비율을 그대로 사용합니다."};apply(manualThumb,manualVideo);apply(schedulerThumb,schedulerVideo)}
    function esc(v){return String(v==null?"":v).replace(/[&<>"']/g,m=>({"&":"&amp;","<":"&lt;",">":"&gt;","\"":"&quot;","'":"&#039;"}[m]))}
    function hashTag(v){const clean=String(v==null?"":v).trim().replace(/^#+/,"");return clean?`#${clean}`:""}
    function visibilityScoreStrip(item,compact=false){
      const seo=item&&typeof item.seo==="object"&&item.seo?item.seo:{},vs=seo&&typeof seo.visibility_scores==="object"&&seo.visibility_scores?seo.visibility_scores:{};
      const overall=Number(seo.cross_platform_visibility_score??item?.seo_score??0)||0,content=Number(seo.content_quality_score??0)||0;
      const pills=compact?[["종합",overall,"primary"],["G검색",vs.google_search],["Discover",vs.google_discover],["AI",vs.google_ai_summary],["N검색",vs.naver_search],["N홈",vs.naver_home_feed]]:[["종합 노출",overall,"primary"],["Content",content],["Google Search",vs.google_search],["Discover",vs.google_discover],["News",vs.google_news],["AI 요약",vs.google_ai_summary],["Naver Search",vs.naver_search],["Naver 홈피드",vs.naver_home_feed]];
      return `<div class="an-score-strip" title="공식 노출 확률이 아니라 현재 원고의 내부 발행 준비도입니다.">${pills.map(([label,value,cls])=>`<span class="an-score-pill ${cls||""}">${esc(label)} ${esc(Number(value)||0)}</span>`).join("")}${compact?"":`<span class="an-score-note">공식 랭킹·노출 확률 아님</span>`}</div>`
    }
    function resolveCardImages(item){const candidates=[item&&item.image_url];if(Array.isArray(item&&item.image_fallback_urls))candidates.push(...item.image_fallback_urls);const output=[],seen=new Set();for(const raw of candidates){const value=String(raw==null?"":raw).trim();if(!value||seen.has(value))continue;if(value.startsWith("/")||/^https?:\/\//i.test(value)||value.startsWith("data:image/")){seen.add(value);output.push(value)}}return output}
    function bindCardImageFallback(image,candidates){let index=candidates.indexOf(image.getAttribute("src")||"");const loadNext=()=>{index+=1;if(index<candidates.length){image.src=candidates[index];return}const thumb=image.closest(".an-thumb");image.remove();if(thumb)thumb.classList.remove("has-image")};image.addEventListener("error",loadNext);if(image.complete&&image.naturalWidth===0)loadNext()}
    // ver602: scheduler results belong inside the modal top layer, replacing hidden background toasts.
    function notice(message){const result=document.getElementById("anSchedulerSaveStatus"),dialog=document.getElementById("anSchedulerManagerModal");if(dialog?.open&&result){result.hidden=false;result.textContent=message;return}toast.textContent=message;toast.classList.add("show");setTimeout(()=>toast.classList.remove("show"),3000)}
    function rateLimitWait(data={}){const seconds=Math.max(0,Number(data.rate_limit_remaining_seconds||data.buffer_global_rate_limit_remaining_seconds||0));return !seconds?"":seconds>=86400?`${Math.ceil(seconds/86400)}일`:seconds>=3600?`${Math.ceil(seconds/3600)}시간`:`${Math.ceil(seconds/60)}분`}
    function rateLimitLabel(service,data={}){return `${service} 수동 재실행`}
    function platformClass(value){value=String(value||"");return value==="naver"?"cat-naver":value==="tistory"?"cat-tistory":value==="blogspot"?"cat-blogspot":value==="youtube"?"cat-youtube":value==="instagram"?"cat-instagram":value==="threads"?"cat-threads":value==="facebook"?"cat-facebook":value==="x"?"cat-x":value==="all"?"cat-all":""}
    function updatePager(){const makeUrl=page=>{const url=new URL(location.href);url.searchParams.set("page",String(page));return url.pathname+url.search};$("anPrev").href=makeUrl(Math.max(1,state.page-1));$("anNext").href=makeUrl(Math.min(state.totalPages,state.page+1));$("anPrev").setAttribute("aria-disabled",state.page<=1?"true":"false");$("anNext").setAttribute("aria-disabled",state.page>=state.totalPages?"true":"false")}
    function render(data){
      const items=data.items||[],p=data.pagination||{};
      state.page=p.page||1;state.totalPages=p.total_pages||1;
      count.textContent=`총 ${p.total||0}개 · ${state.page}/${state.totalPages}페이지`;
      grid.innerHTML="";empty.style.display=items.length?"none":"block";
      items.forEach(item=>{
        const card=document.createElement("article");
        card.className=canManage?"an-card has-admin-actions":"an-card";
        card.dataset.postCard=String(item.id||"");
        const wordAction=canManage&&item.word_download_url?`<a class="an-btn success" href="${esc(item.word_download_url)}">Word</a>`:"";
        const gptArchiveAction=canManage&&item.gpt_archive_download_url?`<a class="an-btn secondary" href="${esc(item.gpt_archive_download_url)}">GPT 원고 ZIP</a>`:"";
        const copyActions=platformCopyActions(item.id);
        const imageAction=canManage&&item.image_zip_download_url?`<a class="an-btn secondary" href="${esc(item.image_zip_download_url)}">이미지 ZIP</a>`:canManage?`<button class="an-btn secondary" type="button" data-gpt-image-id="${item.id}">이미지 생성</button>`:"";
        const instagramVideoAction=canManage&&item.instagram_video_download_url?`<a class="an-btn warning" href="${esc(item.instagram_video_download_url)}">공용 동영상 MP4</a>`:canManage&&String(item.instagram_video_status||"").toLowerCase()==="creating"?`<button class="an-btn warning is-loading" disabled>동영상 준비·6채널 발행 중…</button>`:canManage&&item.status==="published"?`<button class="an-btn warning" type="button" data-instagram-video-id="${item.id}">동영상 생성·6채널</button>`:"";
        const bufferStatus=String(item.buffer_publication_status||"not_sent").toLowerCase();
        let bufferLabel="Threads 발행",bufferClass="success",bufferDisabled="",bufferForce="0";
        if(bufferStatus==="waiting_for_homepage_images"){bufferLabel="홈페이지 이미지 처리 후 Threads 예정…";bufferClass="is-loading";bufferDisabled=' disabled aria-busy="true"'}
        else if(bufferStatus==="in_progress"||bufferStatus==="generating_text"||bufferStatus==="generating_image"||bufferStatus==="ready"){bufferLabel="Threads 발행 중…";bufferClass="is-loading";bufferDisabled=' disabled aria-busy="true"'}
        else if(bufferStatus==="published"){bufferLabel="✓ Threads 발행 완료";bufferClass="is-complete";bufferDisabled=" disabled"}
        else if(bufferStatus==="queued"){bufferLabel="⏳ Threads 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요";bufferClass="is-queued";bufferDisabled=" disabled"}
        else if(bufferStatus==="retry_wait"){bufferLabel="Threads 지금 재시도";bufferClass="is-queued"}
        else if(bufferStatus==="rate_limited"){bufferLabel="Threads 수동 재실행";bufferClass="is-queued"}
        else if(bufferStatus==="needs_action"){bufferLabel="Threads 확인 후 수동 재실행";bufferClass="is-attention";bufferForce="1"}
        else if(bufferStatus==="failed"||bufferStatus==="unknown"){bufferLabel="Threads 확인 후 수동 재실행";bufferClass="is-attention";bufferForce="1"}
        const bufferAction=canManage&&item.status==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-buffer-btn ${bufferClass}" type="button" data-buffer-id="${item.id}" data-buffer-force="${bufferForce}" data-buffer-status="${esc(bufferStatus)}" aria-live="polite"${bufferDisabled}>${bufferLabel}</button>`:"";
        const instagramStatus=String(item.instagram_publication_status||"not_sent").toLowerCase();
        let instagramLabel="Instagram 발행",instagramClass="success",instagramDisabled="",instagramForce="0";
        if(instagramStatus==="in_progress"){instagramLabel="Instagram 영상·캡션 발행 중…";instagramClass="is-loading";instagramDisabled=' disabled aria-busy="true"'}
        else if(instagramStatus==="published"){instagramLabel="✓ Instagram 발행 완료";instagramClass="is-complete";instagramDisabled=" disabled"}
        else if(instagramStatus==="queued"){instagramLabel="⏳ Instagram 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요";instagramClass="is-queued";instagramDisabled=" disabled"}
        else if(instagramStatus==="retry_wait"){instagramLabel="Instagram 지금 재시도";instagramClass="is-queued"}
        else if(instagramStatus==="rate_limited"){instagramLabel="Instagram 수동 재실행";instagramClass="is-queued"}
        else if(instagramStatus==="needs_action"){instagramLabel="Instagram 확인 후 수동 재실행";instagramClass="is-attention";instagramForce="1"}
        else if(instagramStatus==="failed"||instagramStatus==="unknown"||instagramStatus==="pending"){instagramLabel="Instagram 확인 후 수동 재실행";instagramClass="is-attention";instagramForce="1"}
        const instagramAction=canManage&&item.status==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-instagram-btn ${instagramClass}" type="button" data-instagram-id="${item.id}" data-instagram-force="${instagramForce}" data-instagram-status="${esc(instagramStatus)}" aria-live="polite"${instagramDisabled}>${instagramLabel}</button>`:"";
        const tiktokStatus=String(item.tiktok_publication_status||"not_sent").toLowerCase();
        let tiktokLabel="TikTok 발행",tiktokClass="success",tiktokDisabled="",tiktokForce="0";
        if(tiktokStatus==="in_progress"){tiktokLabel="TikTok 영상·캡션 발행 중…";tiktokClass="is-loading";tiktokDisabled=' disabled aria-busy="true"'}
        else if(tiktokStatus==="published"){tiktokLabel="✓ TikTok 발행 완료";tiktokClass="is-complete";tiktokDisabled=" disabled"}
        else if(tiktokStatus==="queued"){tiktokLabel="⏳ TikTok 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요";tiktokClass="is-queued";tiktokDisabled=" disabled"}
        else if(tiktokStatus==="retry_wait"){tiktokLabel="TikTok 지금 재시도";tiktokClass="is-queued"}
        else if(tiktokStatus==="rate_limited"){tiktokLabel="TikTok 수동 재실행";tiktokClass="is-queued"}
        else if(tiktokStatus==="needs_action"){tiktokLabel="TikTok 확인 후 수동 재실행";tiktokClass="is-attention";tiktokForce="1"}
        else if(tiktokStatus==="failed"||tiktokStatus==="unknown"||tiktokStatus==="pending"){tiktokLabel="TikTok 확인 후 수동 재실행";tiktokClass="is-attention";tiktokForce="1"}
        const tiktokAction=canManage&&item.status==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-tiktok-btn ${tiktokClass}" type="button" data-tiktok-id="${item.id}" data-tiktok-force="${tiktokForce}" data-tiktok-status="${esc(tiktokStatus)}" aria-live="polite"${tiktokDisabled}>${tiktokLabel}</button>`:"";
        const makeBufferVideoAction=(service,label,cssClass)=>{const status=String(item[`${service}_publication_status`]||"not_sent").toLowerCase();let text=`${label} 발행`,cls="success",disabled="",force="0";if(status==="in_progress"||status==="waiting_video"){text=`${label} 영상·원고 발행 중…`;cls="is-loading";disabled=' disabled aria-busy="true"'}else if(status==="published"){text=`✓ ${label} 발행 완료`;cls="is-complete";disabled=" disabled"}else if(status==="queued"){text=`✓ ${label} 대기열 등록`;cls="is-queued";disabled=" disabled"}else if(status==="retry_wait"||status==="rate_limited"){text=`${label} 수동 재실행`;cls="is-queued"}else if(["needs_action","failed","unknown","pending"].includes(status)){text=`${label} 확인 후 재실행`;cls="is-attention";force="1"}return canManage&&item.status==="published"?`<button class="an-btn ${cssClass} ${cls}" type="button" data-${service}-id="${item.id}" data-${service}-force="${force}" data-${service}-status="${esc(status)}" aria-live="polite"${disabled}>${text}</button>`:""};
        const youtubeAction=makeBufferVideoAction("youtube","YouTube Shorts","an-youtube-btn");
        // ver603: the refreshed list must retain the existing dedicated longform action from server HTML.
        const youtubeLongformAction=canManage&&item.status==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-youtube-btn success" type="button" data-youtube-longform-id="${item.id}">YouTube 롱폼 발행</button>`:"";
        const facebookAction=makeBufferVideoAction("facebook","Facebook","an-facebook-btn");
        const xAction=makeBufferVideoAction("x","X","an-x-btn");
        const bloggerStatus=String(item.blogger_publication_status||"not_sent").toLowerCase();
        let bloggerLabel="Blogger 전용 발행",bloggerClass="warning",bloggerDisabled="",bloggerForce="0";
        if(bloggerStatus==="in_progress"){bloggerLabel="Blogger 전용 글 작성·발행 중…";bloggerClass="is-loading";bloggerDisabled=' disabled aria-busy="true"'}
        else if(bloggerStatus==="published"){bloggerLabel="✓ Blogger 발행 완료";bloggerClass="is-complete";bloggerDisabled=""}
        else if(bloggerStatus==="draft"){bloggerLabel="✓ Blogger 초안 저장";bloggerClass="is-queued";bloggerDisabled=""}
        else if(bloggerStatus==="retry_wait"||bloggerStatus==="rate_limited"){bloggerLabel="Blogger 수동 재실행";bloggerClass="is-queued"}
        else if(bloggerStatus==="needs_action"){bloggerLabel="Blogger 확인 후 수동 재실행";bloggerClass="is-attention";bloggerForce="1"}
        else if(bloggerStatus==="failed"||bloggerStatus==="unknown"){bloggerLabel="Blogger 확인 후 수동 재실행";bloggerClass="is-attention";bloggerForce="1"}
        const bloggerAction=canManage&&item.status==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-blogger-btn ${bloggerClass}" type="button" data-blogger-id="${item.id}" data-blogger-force="${bloggerForce}" data-blogger-status="${esc(bloggerStatus)}" aria-live="polite"${bloggerDisabled}>${bloggerLabel}</button>`:"";
        const adminActions=canManage?`<details class="an-card-admin" data-admin-actions="${item.id}"><summary class="an-card-admin-toggle" aria-label="관리 버튼 펼치기 또는 접기"><span class="an-card-admin-toggle-text" data-label-open="관리 열기" data-label-close="관리 접기" data-label-studio="상태 · 관리"></span><span class="an-card-admin-toggle-icon" aria-hidden="true">▼</span></summary><div class="an-card-actions">${wordAction}${gptArchiveAction}${copyActions}${imageAction}${instagramVideoAction}${bufferAction}${instagramAction}${tiktokAction}${youtubeAction}${youtubeLongformAction}${facebookAction}${xAction}${bloggerAction}<button class="an-btn secondary" data-edit-id="${item.id}">수정</button><button class="an-btn danger" data-delete-id="${item.id}" data-title="${esc(item.title)}">삭제</button></div></details>`:"";
        const categoryLink=item.category_url?`<a class="an-category-card-link" href="${esc(item.category_url)}">${esc(item.category||"")}</a>`:"",imageCandidates=resolveCardImages(item),imageUrl=imageCandidates[0]||"";
        // ver615: Refreshed cards use the same body excerpt as initial HTML.
        card.innerHTML=`<div class="an-thumb ${platformClass(item.platform)} ${imageUrl?"has-image":""}">${imageUrl?`<img class="an-thumb-img" data-i18n-skip src="${esc(imageUrl)}" alt="${esc(item.image_alt||item.title)}" loading="eager" fetchpriority="low" decoding="async" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">`:""}<div class="an-thumb-label"><small>${esc(item.platform_label||"자동 선택")} · ${esc(item.status||"")}</small><strong>${esc(item.thumbnail_text||item.focus_keyword||"SEO 콘텐츠")}</strong></div></div><div class="an-body"><a class="an-post-link" data-i18n-skip href="${esc(item.local_url)}"><h2>${esc(item.title)}</h2><p>${esc(item.summary||"")}</p></a><div class="an-meta">${categoryLink}<span>${esc(item.intent_label||"")}</span><span>내부 SEO ${esc(item.seo_score||0)}</span><span>조회 ${esc(item.view_count||0)}</span><span>${esc(item.published_at||item.created_at||"")}</span></div>${visibilityScoreStrip(item,true)}<div>${(item.display_tags||item.tags||[]).slice(0,5).map(tag=>`<span class="an-tag">${esc(hashTag(tag))}</span>`).join("")}</div></div>${adminActions}`;
        grid.appendChild(card);
        const thumbImage=card.querySelector(".an-thumb-img");if(thumbImage)bindCardImageFallback(thumbImage,imageCandidates);
      });
    }
    async function load(){const params=new URLSearchParams({page:state.page,page_size:state.pageSize,q:state.q,category:state.category,status:state.status,platform:state.platform,lang:newsLanguage});const controller=new AbortController(),timer=setTimeout(()=>controller.abort(),15000);try{const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/posts?"+params,{cache:"no-store",signal:controller.signal,headers:{"Accept":"application/json"}});if(!res.ok)throw new Error("목록을 불러오지 못했습니다.");const data=await res.json();render(data);updatePager()}finally{clearTimeout(timer)}}
    // ver94: 목록 상세보기에서도 수수료 문구가 포함된 쿠팡 영역을 실제 본문보다 먼저 배치합니다.
    function platformCopyActions(postId){
      if(!canManage||!postId)return"";
      return [["threads","Threads"],["instagram","Instagram"],["tiktok","TikTok"],["youtube","YouTube"],["facebook","Facebook"],["x","X"],["blogger","Blogger"]].map(([platform,label])=>`<button class="an-btn secondary an-platform-copy-btn" type="button" data-copy-post-id="${postId}" data-copy-platform="${platform}">${label} 원고 복사</button>`).join("")
    }
    async function writeSavedCopyText(content){
      const value=String(content||"");if(!value)throw new Error("복사할 저장 원고가 비어 있습니다.");
      if(navigator.clipboard&&window.isSecureContext){await navigator.clipboard.writeText(value);return}
      const area=document.createElement("textarea");area.value=value;area.setAttribute("readonly","");area.style.position="fixed";area.style.left="-9999px";area.style.top="0";document.body.appendChild(area);area.select();area.setSelectionRange(0,area.value.length);const copied=document.execCommand("copy");area.remove();if(!copied)throw new Error("브라우저가 클립보드 복사를 허용하지 않았습니다.")
    }
    async function copySavedPlatformFromButton(button){
      if(!button||button.disabled)return;const postId=button.dataset.copyPostId,platform=String(button.dataset.copyPlatform||"").toLowerCase(),labels={threads:"Threads",instagram:"Instagram",tiktok:"TikTok",youtube:"YouTube",facebook:"Facebook",blogger:"Blogger"},label=labels[platform]||platform,original=button.textContent;
      button.disabled=true;button.textContent=`${label} 원고 불러오는 중…`;
      try{const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${postId}/saved-copy/${platform}`,{cache:"no-store",headers:{"Accept":"application/json"}}),data=await readJsonResponse(res);await writeSavedCopyText(data.content);button.textContent=`✓ ${label} 원고 복사됨`;notice(`${label} 저장 원고 ${Number(data.character_count||String(data.content||"").length).toLocaleString()}자를 클립보드에 복사했습니다.`);setTimeout(()=>{button.disabled=false;button.textContent=original},1600)}catch(error){button.disabled=false;button.textContent=original;notice(error&&error.message?error.message:`${label} 원고 복사에 실패했습니다.`)}
    }
    async function openPost(id){
      const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}`),data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));
      if(!res.ok)return notice(data.detail||"콘텐츠를 불러오지 못했습니다.");
      const post=data.post||{},word=canManage&&post.word_download_url?`<a class="an-btn success" href="${esc(post.word_download_url)}">MS Word</a>`:"",gptArchiveAction=canManage&&post.gpt_archive_download_url?`<a class="an-btn secondary" href="${esc(post.gpt_archive_download_url)}">GPT 원고 ZIP</a>`:"",copyActions=platformCopyActions(post.id),gptImageAction=canManage&&post.image_zip_download_url?`<a class="an-btn secondary" href="${esc(post.image_zip_download_url)}">이미지 ZIP</a>`:canManage?`<button class="an-btn secondary" type="button" data-gpt-image-id="${post.id}">이미지 생성</button>`:"",videoAction=canManage&&post.instagram_video_download_url?`<a class="an-btn warning" href="${esc(post.instagram_video_download_url)}">공용 동영상 MP4</a>`:canManage&&String(post.instagram_video_status||"").toLowerCase()==="creating"?`<button class="an-btn warning is-loading" disabled>동영상 준비·6채널 발행 중…</button>`:canManage&&post.status==="published"?`<button class="an-btn warning" type="button" data-instagram-video-id="${post.id}">동영상 생성·6채널 발행</button>`:"";
      const bufferStatus=String(post.buffer_publication_status||"not_sent").toLowerCase(),bufferAction=canManage&&post.status==="published"?(bufferStatus==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-buffer-btn is-complete" disabled>✓ Threads 발행 완료</button>`:bufferStatus==="queued"?`<button class="an-btn an-buffer-btn is-queued" disabled>⏳ Threads 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요</button>`:bufferStatus==="retry_wait"?`<button class="an-btn an-buffer-btn is-queued" type="button" data-buffer-id="${post.id}" data-buffer-force="0" data-buffer-status="retry_wait">Threads 지금 재시도</button>`:bufferStatus==="rate_limited"?`<button class="an-btn an-buffer-btn is-queued" type="button" data-buffer-id="${post.id}" data-buffer-force="0" data-buffer-status="rate_limited">Threads 수동 재실행</button>`:bufferStatus==="needs_action"?`<button class="an-btn an-buffer-btn is-attention" type="button" data-buffer-id="${post.id}" data-buffer-force="1" data-buffer-status="needs_action">Threads 확인 후 수동 재실행</button>`:bufferStatus==="in_progress"?`<button class="an-btn an-buffer-btn is-loading" disabled>Threads 발행 중…</button>`:`<button class="an-btn an-buffer-btn ${bufferStatus==="failed"||bufferStatus==="unknown"||bufferStatus==="pending"?"is-attention":"success"}" type="button" data-buffer-id="${post.id}" data-buffer-force="${bufferStatus==="failed"||bufferStatus==="unknown"||bufferStatus==="pending"?"1":"0"}" data-buffer-status="${esc(bufferStatus)}">${bufferStatus==="failed"||bufferStatus==="unknown"||bufferStatus==="pending"?"Threads 확인 후 수동 재실행":"Threads 발행"}</button>`):"";
      const instagramStatus=String(post.instagram_publication_status||"not_sent").toLowerCase(),instagramAction=canManage&&post.status==="published"?(instagramStatus==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-instagram-btn is-complete" disabled>✓ Instagram 발행 완료</button>`:instagramStatus==="queued"?`<button class="an-btn an-instagram-btn is-queued" disabled>⏳ Instagram 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요</button>`:instagramStatus==="retry_wait"?`<button class="an-btn an-instagram-btn is-queued" type="button" data-instagram-id="${post.id}" data-instagram-force="0" data-instagram-status="retry_wait">Instagram 지금 재시도</button>`:instagramStatus==="rate_limited"?`<button class="an-btn an-instagram-btn is-queued" type="button" data-instagram-id="${post.id}" data-instagram-force="0" data-instagram-status="rate_limited">Instagram 수동 재실행</button>`:instagramStatus==="needs_action"?`<button class="an-btn an-instagram-btn is-attention" type="button" data-instagram-id="${post.id}" data-instagram-force="1" data-instagram-status="needs_action">Instagram 확인 후 수동 재실행</button>`:instagramStatus==="in_progress"?`<button class="an-btn an-instagram-btn is-loading" disabled>Instagram 영상·캡션 발행 중…</button>`:`<button class="an-btn an-instagram-btn ${instagramStatus==="failed"||instagramStatus==="unknown"||instagramStatus==="pending"?"is-attention":"success"}" type="button" data-instagram-id="${post.id}" data-instagram-force="${instagramStatus==="failed"||instagramStatus==="unknown"||instagramStatus==="pending"?"1":"0"}" data-instagram-status="${esc(instagramStatus)}">${instagramStatus==="failed"||instagramStatus==="unknown"||instagramStatus==="pending"?"Instagram 확인 후 수동 재실행":"Instagram 발행"}</button>`):"";
      const tiktokStatus=String(post.tiktok_publication_status||"not_sent").toLowerCase(),tiktokAction=canManage&&post.status==="published"?(tiktokStatus==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-tiktok-btn is-complete" disabled>✓ TikTok 발행 완료</button>`:tiktokStatus==="queued"?`<button class="an-btn an-tiktok-btn is-queued" disabled>⏳ TikTok 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요</button>`:tiktokStatus==="retry_wait"?`<button class="an-btn an-tiktok-btn is-queued" type="button" data-tiktok-id="${post.id}" data-tiktok-force="0" data-tiktok-status="retry_wait">TikTok 지금 재시도</button>`:tiktokStatus==="rate_limited"?`<button class="an-btn an-tiktok-btn is-queued" type="button" data-tiktok-id="${post.id}" data-tiktok-force="0" data-tiktok-status="rate_limited">TikTok 수동 재실행</button>`:tiktokStatus==="needs_action"?`<button class="an-btn an-tiktok-btn is-attention" type="button" data-tiktok-id="${post.id}" data-tiktok-force="1" data-tiktok-status="needs_action">TikTok 확인 후 수동 재실행</button>`:tiktokStatus==="in_progress"?`<button class="an-btn an-tiktok-btn is-loading" disabled>TikTok 영상·캡션 발행 중…</button>`:`<button class="an-btn an-tiktok-btn ${tiktokStatus==="failed"||tiktokStatus==="unknown"||tiktokStatus==="pending"?"is-attention":"success"}" type="button" data-tiktok-id="${post.id}" data-tiktok-force="${tiktokStatus==="failed"||tiktokStatus==="unknown"||tiktokStatus==="pending"?"1":"0"}" data-tiktok-status="${esc(tiktokStatus)}">${tiktokStatus==="failed"||tiktokStatus==="unknown"||tiktokStatus==="pending"?"TikTok 확인 후 수동 재실행":"TikTok 발행"}</button>`):"";
      const makeModalVideoAction=(service,label,cssClass)=>{const status=String(post[`${service}_publication_status`]||"not_sent").toLowerCase();if(!canManage||post.status!=="published")return"";if(status==="published")return`<button class="an-btn ${cssClass} is-complete" disabled>✓ ${label} 발행 완료</button>`;if(status==="queued")return`<button class="an-btn ${cssClass} is-queued" disabled>✓ ${label} 대기열 등록</button>`;if(status==="in_progress"||status==="waiting_video")return`<button class="an-btn ${cssClass} is-loading" disabled>${label} 영상·원고 발행 중…</button>`;if(status==="retry_wait"||status==="rate_limited")return`<button class="an-btn ${cssClass} is-queued" type="button" data-${service}-id="${post.id}" data-${service}-force="0" data-${service}-status="${esc(status)}">${label} 수동 재실행</button>`;const force=["needs_action","failed","unknown","pending"].includes(status)?"1":"0",cls=force==="1"?"is-attention":"success",text=force==="1"?`${label} 확인 후 재실행`:`${label} 발행`;return`<button class="an-btn ${cssClass} ${cls}" type="button" data-${service}-id="${post.id}" data-${service}-force="${force}" data-${service}-status="${esc(status)}">${text}</button>`};
      const youtubeAction=makeModalVideoAction("youtube","YouTube","an-youtube-btn"),facebookAction=makeModalVideoAction("facebook","Facebook","an-facebook-btn"),xAction=makeModalVideoAction("x","X","an-x-btn");
      const bloggerStatus=String(post.blogger_publication_status||"not_sent").toLowerCase(),bloggerAction=canManage&&post.status==="published"?(bloggerStatus==="published"?`<button class="an-btn an-blogger-btn is-complete" disabled>✓ Blogger 발행 완료</button>`:bloggerStatus==="draft"?`<button class="an-btn an-blogger-btn is-queued" disabled>✓ Blogger 초안 저장</button>`:["retry_wait","rate_limited"].includes(bloggerStatus)?`<button class="an-btn an-blogger-btn is-queued" type="button" data-blogger-id="${post.id}" data-blogger-force="0" data-blogger-status="${esc(bloggerStatus)}">Blogger 수동 재실행</button>`:bloggerStatus==="needs_action"?`<button class="an-btn an-blogger-btn is-attention" type="button" data-blogger-id="${post.id}" data-blogger-force="1" data-blogger-status="needs_action">Blogger 확인 후 수동 재실행</button>`:bloggerStatus==="in_progress"?`<button class="an-btn an-blogger-btn is-loading" disabled>Blogger 전용 글 작성·발행 중…</button>`:`<button class="an-btn an-blogger-btn ${bloggerStatus==="failed"||bloggerStatus==="unknown"?"is-attention":"warning"}" type="button" data-blogger-id="${post.id}" data-blogger-force="${bloggerStatus==="failed"||bloggerStatus==="unknown"?"1":"0"}" data-blogger-status="${esc(bloggerStatus)}">${bloggerStatus==="failed"||bloggerStatus==="unknown"?"Blogger 확인 후 수동 재실행":"Blogger 전용 발행"}</button>`):"",video=post.instagram_video_url?`<video class="an-instagram-video" controls playsinline preload="metadata" poster="${esc(post.image_url||"")}"><source src="${esc(post.instagram_video_url)}" type="video/mp4"></video>`:"";
      $("anModalTitle").textContent=post.title||"상세보기";
      $("anArticle").innerHTML=visibilityScoreStrip(post,false)+video+(post.instagram_caption?`<p class="an-video-note"><strong>Instagram 캡션</strong> ${esc(post.instagram_caption)}</p>`:"")+(post.tiktok_caption?`<p class="an-video-note"><strong>TikTok 캡션</strong> ${esc(post.tiktok_caption)}</p>`:"")+(post.affiliate_links_html||"")+(post.coupang_partners_html||"")+(post.content_html||"");
      $("anModalActions").innerHTML=`<a class="an-btn" href="${esc(post.local_url)}">상세 페이지</a>${word}${gptArchiveAction}${copyActions}${gptImageAction}${videoAction}${bufferAction}${instagramAction}${tiktokAction}${youtubeAction}${facebookAction}${xAction}${bloggerAction}`;modal.classList.add("open")
    }
    async function generatePostImages(id,button){
      if(!id)return;const original=button?button.textContent:"";
      if(button){button.disabled=true;button.textContent="GPT 이미지 예약 중…"}
      try{const rawImageCount=$("anImageCountSelect")?String($("anImageCountSelect").value||"5"):"5",paragraphMode=rawImageCount==="paragraphs",imageCount=paragraphMode?"paragraphs":Math.max(1,Math.min(5,Number(rawImageCount)||5)),provider=paragraphMode?"gpt":($("anImageProviderSelect")?$("anImageProviderSelect").value:"auto"),res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/generate-images?image_count=${encodeURIComponent(imageCount)}&provider=${encodeURIComponent(provider)}`,{method:"POST"});const data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));if(!res.ok||!data.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||(data.image_errors||[]).map(item=>item.detail).join("; ")||"이미지 생성을 시작하지 못했습니다.");notice(paragraphMode?`최종 본문의 H2 문단 수 기준으로 GPT 이미지를 생성합니다. 실제 계획 ${data.requested_image_count||data.expected_count||"자동"}장.`:`이미지 총 ${imageCount}장 · ${data.image_provider_label||provider} 경로로 처리합니다.`);if(button)button.textContent=data.image_queued?"이미지 생성 중… 새로고침 후 확인":"이미지 생성 완료"}catch(error){if(button){button.disabled=false;button.textContent=original}throw error}
    }
    async function createInstagramVideo(id,button){
      if(!id)return;
      const original=button?button.textContent:"";
      if(button){button.disabled=true;button.textContent="동영상 생성·6채널 예약 중…"}
      try{
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/instagram-video?force=1&provider=${encodeURIComponent($("anVideoProviderSelect")?$("anVideoProviderSelect").value:"auto")}`,{method:"POST"});
        const data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));
        if(!res.ok||!data.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||"동영상 생성·6채널 발행을 시작하지 못했습니다.");
        notice("홈페이지 확정 원고로 30~59초 한국어 TTS를 만들고, 같은 TTS 대본을 PPT형 보고서 장면으로 렌더링해 실제 음성 길이에 맞춘 9:16(1080×1920) MP4로 만든 뒤 선택 채널에 순서대로 발행합니다.");
        if(modal.classList.contains("open"))await openPost(id);else await load();
      }catch(error){if(button){button.disabled=false;button.textContent=original}throw error}
    }
    async function deletePost(id,title){if(!confirm(window.siteI18n.t(`이 콘텐츠를 삭제할까요?\n${title||""}`)))return;const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}`,{method:"DELETE"});const data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));if(!res.ok)return notice(data.detail||"삭제하지 못했습니다.");notice("삭제했습니다.");await load()}
    async function waitForThreadsPublication(id,button){
      const labels={generating_text:"GPT가 원문 전체를 Threads 글로 변환 중…",generating_image:"Threads 전용 이미지 생성 중…",ready:"Buffer에 글과 이미지를 전송 중…",in_progress:"Threads 발행 중…"};
      const deadline=Date.now()+12*60*1000;
      while(Date.now()<deadline){
        await new Promise(resolve=>setTimeout(resolve,5000));
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/buffer-publication`,{cache:"no-store"});
        const data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));
        if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||"Threads 진행 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다.");
        const status=String(data.status||"not_sent").toLowerCase(),stage=String(data.stage||"").toLowerCase();
        if(status==="in_progress"||status==="waiting_for_homepage_images"){button.textContent=labels[stage]||labels[status]||labels.in_progress;continue}
        return data;
      }
      throw new Error("Threads 글·이미지 생성 시간이 길어지고 있습니다. 목록을 새로고침해 상태를 확인하세요.");
    }
    async function publishBuffer(id,force=false,button=null){
      if(!button||button.disabled)return;
      if(force&&!confirm(window.siteI18n.t("Buffer/Threads에서 실제 미게시 상태를 확인하셨나요? 강제 재시도는 중복 게시될 수 있습니다.")))return;
      const originalText=button.textContent,originalStatus=button.dataset.bufferStatus||"not_sent",originalForce=button.dataset.bufferForce||"0";
      button.classList.add("is-pressed");
      setTimeout(()=>button.classList.remove("is-pressed"),220);
      button.disabled=true;button.setAttribute("aria-busy","true");
      button.classList.remove("success","is-complete","is-queued","is-attention","is-error");
      button.classList.add("is-loading");button.textContent="Threads 발행 중…";
      try{
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/buffer-publish${force?"?force=1":""}`,{method:"POST"});
        const raw=await res.text();let data={};
        try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||"Buffer 응답을 읽지 못했습니다."}}
        if(res.ok&&["in_progress","waiting_for_homepage_images"].includes(String(data.status||"").toLowerCase()))data=await waitForThreadsPublication(id,button);
        const status=String(data.status||"").toLowerCase();
        button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
        if(res.ok&&data.ok){
          button.dataset.bufferStatus=status||"published";button.dataset.bufferForce="0";
          if(status==="queued"){button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="⏳ Threads 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요"}
          else{button.classList.add("is-complete");button.textContent="✓ Threads 발행 완료"}
          button.disabled=true;
          notice(status==="queued"?"GPT 글·이미지 생성 후 Buffer 대기열에 등록했습니다.":"GPT 글 변환과 전용 이미지 생성 후 Threads 발행을 완료했습니다.");
          return;
        }
        if(["published","queued"].includes(status)||(data.skipped&&["published","queued"].includes(status))){
          button.dataset.bufferStatus=status;button.dataset.bufferForce="0";button.disabled=true;
          if(status==="published"){button.classList.add("is-complete");button.textContent="✓ Threads 발행 완료"}
          else if(status==="queued"){button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="⏳ Threads 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요"}
          notice(data.detail||data.reason||(status==="queued"?"Buffer가 게시물을 접수했으며 발행 확인을 기다립니다.":"Threads 발행을 완료했습니다."));
          return;
        }
        if(status==="retry_wait"){
          button.dataset.bufferStatus=status;button.dataset.bufferForce="0";button.disabled=false;
          button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="Threads 지금 재시도";
          notice(data.detail||data.reason||"자동 재개하지 않습니다. 준비가 되면 이 버튼을 눌러 수동 재실행하세요.");
          return;
        }
        if(status==="rate_limited"){
          button.dataset.bufferStatus=status;button.dataset.bufferForce="0";button.disabled=false;
          button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent=rateLimitLabel("Threads",data);
          notice(data.detail||data.reason||"자동 재개하지 않습니다. 제한 해제 후 이 버튼을 다시 눌러 수동 실행하세요.");
          return;
        }
        if(status==="needs_action"||status==="failed"||status==="unknown"||status==="superseded"||data.retry_requires_force){
          button.dataset.bufferStatus=status||"unknown";button.dataset.bufferForce="1";button.disabled=false;
          button.classList.add("is-attention");button.textContent="Threads 확인 후 수동 재실행";
          notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Buffer에서 실제 게시 여부를 확인한 뒤 다시 시도하세요.");
          return;
        }
        button.dataset.bufferStatus=originalStatus;button.dataset.bufferForce=originalForce;button.disabled=false;
        button.classList.add("is-error");button.textContent="Threads 생성·발행 실패";
        notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Buffer 발행에 실패했습니다.");
        setTimeout(()=>{if(button.dataset.bufferStatus===originalStatus){button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"success":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText}},1800);
      }catch(error){
        button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.classList.add("is-error");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");button.disabled=false;button.textContent="Threads 생성·발행 실패";
        notice(error&&error.message?error.message:"Buffer 발행 요청에 실패했습니다.");
        setTimeout(()=>{button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"success":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText},1800);
      }
    }
    async function waitForInstagramPublication(id,button){
      const labels={waiting_for_shared_video:"공용 쇼츠 영상 생성 대기 중…",waiting_for_video:"공용 쇼츠 영상 생성·검증 중…",instagram_shared_video:"공용 쇼츠 영상 공개 상태 확인 중…",instagram_video:"9:16 공용 프레임·요소 모션 영상 생성 중…",instagram_caption_build:"Instagram 캡션 준비 중…",instagram_gpt_caption:"Instagram 캡션 준비 중…",channel_resolution:"Buffer Instagram 채널 확인 중…",buffer_request:"Instagram Reel 업로드 중…",in_progress:"Instagram 영상·캡션 발행 중…"};
      const deadline=Date.now()+60*60*1000;
      while(Date.now()<deadline){
        await new Promise(resolve=>setTimeout(resolve,5000));
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/instagram-publication`,{cache:"no-store"}),data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));
        if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||"Instagram 진행 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다.");
        const status=String(data.status||"not_sent").toLowerCase(),stage=String(data.stage||"").toLowerCase();
        if(status==="in_progress"||status==="waiting_video"){button.textContent=labels[stage]||labels[status]||labels.in_progress;continue}
        return data;
      }
      throw new Error("Instagram 작업이 오래 걸리고 있습니다. 서버 백그라운드 처리는 계속되므로 잠시 뒤 목록을 새로고침해 상태를 확인하세요.");
    }
    async function publishInstagram(id,force=false,button=null){
      if(!button||button.disabled)return;
      if(force&&!confirm(window.siteI18n.t("Buffer와 Instagram에서 실제 미게시 상태를 확인하셨나요? 강제 재시도는 중복 게시될 수 있습니다.")))return;
      const originalText=button.textContent,originalStatus=button.dataset.instagramStatus||"not_sent";
      button.disabled=true;button.setAttribute("aria-busy","true");button.classList.remove("success","is-complete","is-queued","is-attention","is-error");button.classList.add("is-loading");button.textContent="Instagram 영상·캡션 발행 중…";
      try{
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/instagram-publish${force?"?force=1":""}`,{method:"POST"});
        const raw=await res.text();let data={};try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||"Instagram 응답을 읽지 못했습니다."}}
        if(res.ok&&["in_progress","waiting_video"].includes(String(data.status||"").toLowerCase()))data=await waitForInstagramPublication(id,button);
        const status=String(data.status||"").toLowerCase();button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
        if((res.ok||data.skipped)&&status==="published"){button.dataset.instagramStatus=status;button.dataset.instagramForce="0";button.disabled=true;button.classList.add("is-complete");button.textContent="✓ Instagram 발행 완료";notice(data.caption?`Instagram 발행 완료 · ${data.caption}`:(data.detail||"Instagram 발행을 완료했습니다."));return}
        if(status==="queued"){button.dataset.instagramStatus=status;button.dataset.instagramForce="0";button.disabled=true;button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="⏳ Instagram 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요";notice(data.detail||"Buffer Instagram 대기열 접수는 확인했지만 실제 Instagram 게시 완료는 아직 확인되지 않았습니다.");return}
        if(status==="retry_wait"){button.dataset.instagramStatus=status;button.dataset.instagramForce="0";button.disabled=false;button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="Instagram 지금 재시도";notice(data.detail||data.reason||"자동 재개하지 않습니다. 준비가 되면 이 버튼을 눌러 수동 재실행하세요.");return}
        if(status==="rate_limited"){button.dataset.instagramStatus=status;button.dataset.instagramForce="0";button.disabled=false;button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent=rateLimitLabel("Instagram",data);notice(data.detail||data.reason||"자동 재개하지 않습니다. 제한 해제 후 이 버튼을 다시 눌러 수동 실행하세요.");return}
        if(status==="needs_action"||status==="failed"||status==="unknown"||status==="superseded"||data.retry_requires_force){button.dataset.instagramStatus=status||"unknown";button.dataset.instagramForce="1";button.disabled=false;button.classList.add("is-attention");button.textContent="Instagram 확인 후 수동 재실행";notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Buffer와 Instagram에서 게시 여부를 확인하세요.");return}
        button.disabled=false;button.dataset.instagramStatus=originalStatus;button.classList.add("is-error");button.textContent="Instagram 발행 실패";notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Instagram 발행에 실패했습니다.");setTimeout(()=>{button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"success":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText},1800);
      }catch(error){button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.classList.add("is-error");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");button.disabled=false;button.textContent="Instagram 발행 실패";notice(error&&error.message?error.message:"Instagram 발행 요청에 실패했습니다.");setTimeout(()=>{button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"success":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText},1800)}
    }
    async function waitForTikTokPublication(id,button){
      const labels={waiting_for_shared_video:"공용 쇼츠 영상 생성 대기 중…",waiting_for_video:"공용 쇼츠 영상 생성·검증 중…",tiktok_shared_video:"공용 쇼츠 영상 공개 상태 확인 중…",tiktok_video:"9:16 공용 프레임·요소 모션 영상 생성 중…",tiktok_caption_build:"TikTok 캡션 준비 중…",tiktok_gpt_caption:"TikTok 캡션 준비 중…",channel_resolution:"Buffer TikTok 채널 확인 중…",buffer_request:"TikTok 영상 업로드 중…",in_progress:"TikTok 영상·캡션 발행 중…"};
      const deadline=Date.now()+60*60*1000;
      while(Date.now()<deadline){
        await new Promise(resolve=>setTimeout(resolve,5000));
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/tiktok-publication`,{cache:"no-store"});
        const data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));
        if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||"TikTok 진행 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다.");
        const status=String(data.status||"not_sent").toLowerCase(),stage=String(data.stage||"").toLowerCase();
        if(status==="in_progress"||status==="waiting_video"){button.textContent=labels[stage]||labels[status]||labels.in_progress;continue}
        return data;
      }
      throw new Error("TikTok 작업이 오래 걸리고 있습니다. 서버 백그라운드 처리는 계속되므로 잠시 뒤 목록을 새로고침해 상태를 확인하세요.");
    }
    async function publishTikTok(id,force=false,button=null){
      if(!button||button.disabled)return;
      if(force&&!confirm(window.siteI18n.t("Buffer와 TikTok에서 실제 미게시 상태를 확인하셨나요? 강제 재시도는 중복 게시될 수 있습니다.")))return;
      const originalText=button.textContent,originalStatus=button.dataset.tiktokStatus||"not_sent";
      button.disabled=true;button.setAttribute("aria-busy","true");button.classList.remove("success","is-complete","is-queued","is-attention","is-error");button.classList.add("is-loading");button.textContent="TikTok 영상·캡션 발행 중…";
      try{
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/tiktok-publish${force?"?force=1":""}`,{method:"POST"});
        const raw=await res.text();let data={};try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||"TikTok 응답을 읽지 못했습니다."}}
        if(res.ok&&["in_progress","waiting_video"].includes(String(data.status||"").toLowerCase()))data=await waitForTikTokPublication(id,button);
        const status=String(data.status||"").toLowerCase();button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
        if((res.ok||data.skipped)&&status==="published"){button.dataset.tiktokStatus=status;button.dataset.tiktokForce="0";button.disabled=true;button.classList.add("is-complete");button.textContent="✓ TikTok 발행 완료";notice(data.caption?`TikTok 발행 완료 · ${data.caption}`:(data.detail||"TikTok 발행을 완료했습니다."));return}
        if(status==="queued"){button.dataset.tiktokStatus=status;button.dataset.tiktokForce="0";button.disabled=true;button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="⏳ TikTok 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요";notice(data.detail||"Buffer TikTok 대기열 접수는 확인했지만 실제 TikTok 게시 완료는 아직 확인되지 않았습니다.");return}
        if(status==="retry_wait"){button.dataset.tiktokStatus=status;button.dataset.tiktokForce="0";button.disabled=false;button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="TikTok 지금 재시도";notice(data.detail||data.reason||"자동 재개하지 않습니다. 준비가 되면 이 버튼을 눌러 수동 재실행하세요.");return}
        if(status==="rate_limited"){button.dataset.tiktokStatus=status;button.dataset.tiktokForce="0";button.disabled=false;button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent=rateLimitLabel("TikTok",data);notice(data.detail||data.reason||"자동 재개하지 않습니다. 제한 해제 후 이 버튼을 다시 눌러 수동 실행하세요.");return}
        if(status==="needs_action"||status==="failed"||status==="unknown"||status==="superseded"||data.retry_requires_force){button.dataset.tiktokStatus=status||"unknown";button.dataset.tiktokForce="1";button.disabled=false;button.classList.add("is-attention");button.textContent="TikTok 확인 후 수동 재실행";notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Buffer와 TikTok에서 게시 여부를 확인하세요.");return}
        button.disabled=false;button.dataset.tiktokStatus=originalStatus;button.classList.add("is-error");button.textContent="TikTok 발행 실패";notice(data.detail||data.reason||"TikTok 발행에 실패했습니다.");setTimeout(()=>{button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"success":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText},1800);
      }catch(error){button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.classList.add("is-error");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");button.disabled=false;button.textContent="TikTok 발행 실패";notice(error&&error.message?error.message:"TikTok 발행 요청에 실패했습니다.");setTimeout(()=>{button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"success":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText},1800)}
    }
    async function waitForBufferVideoPublication(service,id,button,label){
      const deadline=Date.now()+60*60*1000;
      while(Date.now()<deadline){
        await new Promise(resolve=>setTimeout(resolve,5000));
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/${service}-publication`,{cache:"no-store"});
        const data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));
        if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||`${label} 진행 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다.`);
        const status=String(data.status||"not_sent").toLowerCase(),stage=String(data.stage||"").toLowerCase();
        if(status==="in_progress"||status==="waiting_video"){button.textContent=stage?`${label} 처리 중 · ${stage}`:`${label} 영상·원고 발행 중…`;continue}
        return data;
      }
      throw new Error(`${label} 작업이 오래 걸리고 있습니다. 서버 작업 상태를 새로고침해 확인하세요.`);
    }
    async function publishBufferVideoService(service,id,force=false,button=null,label=service){
      if(!button||button.disabled)return;
      if(force&&!confirm(window.siteI18n.t(`Buffer와 ${label}에서 실제 미게시 상태를 확인하셨나요? 강제 재실행은 중복 게시될 수 있습니다.`)))return;
      const statusKey=`${service}Status`,forceKey=`${service}Force`,originalText=button.textContent,originalStatus=button.dataset[statusKey]||"not_sent";
      button.disabled=true;button.setAttribute("aria-busy","true");button.classList.remove("success","is-complete","is-queued","is-attention","is-error");button.classList.add("is-loading");button.textContent=`${label} 영상·원고 발행 중…`;
      try{
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/${service}-publish${force?"?force=1":""}`,{method:"POST"});
        const raw=await res.text();let data={};try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||`${label} 응답을 읽지 못했습니다.`}}
        if(res.ok&&["in_progress","waiting_video"].includes(String(data.status||"").toLowerCase()))data=await waitForBufferVideoPublication(service,id,button,label);
        const status=String(data.status||"").toLowerCase();button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
        if((res.ok||data.skipped)&&status==="published"){button.dataset[statusKey]=status;button.dataset[forceKey]="0";button.disabled=true;button.classList.add("is-complete");button.textContent=`✓ ${label} 발행 완료`;notice(data.detail||`${label} 발행을 완료했습니다.`);return}
        if(status==="queued"){button.dataset[statusKey]=status;button.dataset[forceKey]="0";button.disabled=true;button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent=`⏳ ${label} 대기열 등록 · 게시 확인 필요`;notice(data.detail||`Buffer ${label} 대기열 접수는 확인했지만 실제 ${label} 게시 완료는 아직 확인되지 않았습니다.`);return}
        if(status==="retry_wait"||status==="rate_limited"){button.dataset[statusKey]=status;button.dataset[forceKey]="0";button.disabled=false;button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent=`${label} 수동 재실행`;notice(data.detail||"자동 재실행하지 않습니다. 준비되면 버튼을 다시 눌러주세요.");return}
        if(status==="needs_action"||status==="failed"||status==="unknown"||status==="superseded"||data.retry_requires_force){button.dataset[statusKey]=status||"unknown";button.dataset[forceKey]="1";button.disabled=false;button.classList.add("is-attention");button.textContent=`${label} 확인 후 재실행`;notice(data.detail||`Buffer와 ${label}에서 게시 여부를 확인하세요.`);return}
        button.disabled=false;button.dataset[statusKey]=originalStatus;button.classList.add("is-error");button.textContent=`${label} 발행 실패`;notice(data.detail||`${label} 발행에 실패했습니다.`);setTimeout(()=>{button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"success":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText},1800);
      }catch(error){button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.classList.add("is-error");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");button.disabled=false;button.textContent=`${label} 발행 실패`;notice(error&&error.message?error.message:`${label} 발행 요청에 실패했습니다.`);setTimeout(()=>{button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"success":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText},1800)}
    }
    async function publishYouTube(id,force=false,button=null){return publishBufferVideoService("youtube",id,force,button,"YouTube")}

    async function publishFacebook(id,force=false,button=null){return publishBufferVideoService("facebook",id,force,button,"Facebook")}
    async function publishX(id,force=false,button=null){return publishBufferVideoService("x",id,force,button,"X")}

    async function waitForBloggerPublication(id,button){
      const deadline=Date.now()+4*60*1000;
      while(Date.now()<deadline){
        await new Promise(resolve=>setTimeout(resolve,1800));
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/blogger-publication`,{cache:"no-store"});
        const data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));
        if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||"Blogger 진행 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다.");
        const status=String(data.status||"not_sent").toLowerCase();
        if(status==="in_progress"||status==="not_sent"){button.textContent="Blogger 전용 글 작성·발행 중…";continue}
        return data;
      }
      throw new Error("Blogger 전용 글 작성과 발행 시간이 길어지고 있습니다. 목록을 새로고침해 상태를 확인하세요.");
    }
    async function publishBlogger(id,force=false,button=null){
      if(!button||button.disabled)return;
      // ver641: each selected account validates its own OAuth connection in the publisher.
      if(force&&!confirm(window.siteI18n.t("Blogger에서 실제 미등록 상태를 확인하셨나요? 강제 재시도는 중복 게시될 수 있습니다.")))return;
      const originalText=button.textContent,originalStatus=button.dataset.bloggerStatus||"not_sent",originalForce=button.dataset.bloggerForce||"0";
      button.classList.add("is-pressed");
      setTimeout(()=>button.classList.remove("is-pressed"),220);
      button.disabled=true;button.setAttribute("aria-busy","true");
      button.classList.remove("warning","success","is-complete","is-queued","is-attention","is-error");
      button.classList.add("is-loading");button.textContent="Blogger 전용 글 작성·발행 중…";
      try{
        const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/blogger-publish${force?"?force=1":""}`,{method:"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({google_accounts:window.readNeoGooglePublicationAccounts?.()})});
        const raw=await res.text();let data={};
        try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||"Blogger 응답을 읽지 못했습니다."}}
        if(res.ok&&String(data.status||"").toLowerCase()==="in_progress")data=await waitForBloggerPublication(id,button);
        const status=String(data.status||"").toLowerCase();
        button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");
        if((res.ok||data.skipped)&&["published","draft"].includes(status)){
          button.dataset.bloggerStatus=status;button.dataset.bloggerForce="0";button.disabled=true;
          if(status==="draft"){button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="✓ Blogger 초안 저장";notice("Blogger 초안 저장을 완료했습니다.")}
          else{button.classList.add("is-complete");button.textContent="✓ Blogger 발행 완료";notice("Blogger 전용 글 작성과 발행을 완료했습니다.")}
          return;
        }
        if(status==="connection_required"||status==="auth_failed"){
          bloggerConnected=false;button.dataset.bloggerStatus="not_sent";button.dataset.bloggerForce="0";button.disabled=false;
          button.classList.add("warning");button.textContent="Blogger 전용 발행";
          notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Blogger Google 연결을 다시 완료해주세요.");
          return;
        }
        if(status==="retry_wait"||status==="rate_limited"){
          button.dataset.bloggerStatus=status;button.dataset.bloggerForce="0";button.disabled=false;
          button.classList.add("is-queued");button.textContent="Blogger 수동 재실행";
          notice(data.detail||data.reason||"자동 재개하지 않습니다. 상태를 확인한 뒤 Blogger 버튼을 다시 눌러주세요.");
          return;
        }
        if(status==="needs_action"){
          button.dataset.bloggerStatus=status;button.dataset.bloggerForce="1";button.disabled=false;
          button.classList.add("is-attention");button.textContent="Blogger 확인 후 수동 재실행";
          notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Blogger의 실제 등록 상태를 확인한 뒤 이 버튼으로 수동 재실행하세요.");
          return;
        }
        if(status==="failed"||status==="unknown"||data.retry_requires_force){
          button.dataset.bloggerStatus=status||"unknown";button.dataset.bloggerForce="1";button.disabled=false;
          button.classList.add("is-attention");button.textContent="Blogger 확인 후 수동 재실행";
          notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Blogger에서 실제 등록 여부를 확인한 뒤 다시 시도하세요.");
          return;
        }
        button.dataset.bloggerStatus=originalStatus;button.dataset.bloggerForce=originalForce;button.disabled=false;
        button.classList.add("is-error");button.textContent="Blogger 발행 실패";
        notice(data.detail||data.reason||"Blogger 발행에 실패했습니다.");
        setTimeout(()=>{if(button.dataset.bloggerStatus===originalStatus){button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"warning":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText}},1800);
      }catch(error){
        button.classList.remove("is-loading");button.classList.add("is-error");button.removeAttribute("aria-busy");button.disabled=false;button.textContent="Blogger 발행 실패";
        notice(error&&error.message?error.message:"Blogger 발행 요청에 실패했습니다.");
        setTimeout(()=>{button.classList.remove("is-error");button.classList.add(originalStatus==="not_sent"?"warning":"is-attention");button.textContent=originalText},1800);
      }
    }
    async function readJsonResponse(res){const raw=await res.text();let data={};try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||"서버 응답을 읽지 못했습니다."}}if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||`요청을 처리하지 못했습니다. (${res.status})`);return data}
    function renderCategories(items){if(!categoryManagerList)return;categoryManagerList.innerHTML="";if(!items.length){categoryManagerList.innerHTML='<div class="an-category-manager-empty">등록된 카테고리가 없습니다.</div>';return}items.forEach(item=>{const box=document.createElement("section");box.className="an-category-manager-item";box.dataset.categoryId=item.id;box.innerHTML=`<div class="an-category-manager-fields"><input class="an-input" name="name" value="${esc(item.name||"")}" aria-label="카테고리 이름"><input class="an-input" name="slug" value="${esc(item.slug||"")}" aria-label="카테고리 영구주소"><input class="an-input" name="sort_order" type="number" value="${esc(item.sort_order||0)}" aria-label="정렬 순서"><textarea class="an-textarea" name="description" aria-label="카테고리 설명">${esc(item.description||"")}</textarea></div><div class="an-category-manager-actions"><span class="an-category-manager-meta">글 ${esc(item.count||0)}개 · <a class="an-category-card-link" href="${esc(item.local_url||"#")}">아카이브 보기</a></span><div class="an-category-manager-buttons"><button class="an-btn secondary" type="button" data-category-save="${item.id}">수정 저장</button><button class="an-btn danger" type="button" data-category-delete="${item.id}" data-category-name="${esc(item.name||"")}">삭제</button></div></div>`;categoryManagerList.appendChild(box)})}
    async function loadCategories(){if(!canManage||!categoryManagerModal)return;const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/categories",{cache:"no-store"});const data=await readJsonResponse(res);renderCategories(data.items||[])}
    async function openCategoryManager(){categoryManagerModal.classList.add("open");categoryManagerList.innerHTML='<div class="an-category-manager-empty">카테고리 목록을 불러오는 중입니다.</div>';try{await loadCategories()}catch(e){notice(e.message)}}
    async function saveCategory(id,box){const payload={name:box.querySelector('[name="name"]').value.trim(),slug:box.querySelector('[name="slug"]').value.trim(),sort_order:Number(box.querySelector('[name="sort_order"]').value||0),description:box.querySelector('[name="description"]').value.trim()};if(!payload.name)return notice("카테고리 이름을 입력해주세요.");const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/categories/${id}`,{method:"PUT",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify(payload)});await readJsonResponse(res);notice("카테고리와 기존 글 분류를 수정했습니다.");await loadCategories()}
    async function removeCategory(id,name){const replacement=name==="미분류"?"일반정보":"미분류";if(!confirm(window.siteI18n.t(`카테고리 '${name||""}'를 삭제할까요?\n포함된 글은 ${replacement}로 이동합니다.`)))return;const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/categories/${id}`,{method:"DELETE",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({replacement:replacement})});const data=await readJsonResponse(res);notice(`카테고리를 삭제하고 글 ${data.moved_posts||0}개를 ${data.replacement||replacement}로 이동했습니다.`);await loadCategories()}
    function renderCoupangCodes(items){if(!coupangManagerList)return;coupangManagerList.innerHTML="";if(!items.length){coupangManagerList.innerHTML='<div class="an-coupang-manager-empty">등록된 코드가 없습니다. 새 글에는 쿠팡 영역이 자동 입력되지 않습니다.</div>';return}items.forEach(item=>{const box=document.createElement("section");box.className="an-coupang-manager-item";box.dataset.codeId=item.id;box.innerHTML=`<div class="an-coupang-manager-head"><strong>${esc(item.name||`코드 ${item.id}`)}</strong><span class="an-coupang-manager-meta">사용 ${esc(item.use_count||0)}회${item.last_used_at?` · 최근 ${esc(item.last_used_at)}`:""}</span></div><div class="an-coupang-manager-fields"><input class="an-input" name="name" value="${esc(item.name||"")}" aria-label="코드 이름"><textarea class="an-code-textarea" name="raw_code" aria-label="쿠팡 코드">${esc(item.raw_code||"")}</textarea></div><div class="an-coupang-manager-actions"><button class="an-btn secondary" type="button" data-coupang-save="${item.id}">수정 저장</button><button class="an-btn danger" type="button" data-coupang-delete="${item.id}">삭제</button></div>`;coupangManagerList.appendChild(box)})}
    async function loadCoupangCodes(){if(!canManage||!coupangManagerModal)return;const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/coupang-codes",{cache:"no-store"});const data=await readJsonResponse(res);renderCoupangCodes(data.items||[])}
    async function openCoupangManager(){coupangManagerModal.classList.add("open");coupangManagerList.innerHTML='<div class="an-coupang-manager-empty">코드 목록을 불러오는 중입니다.</div>';try{await loadCoupangCodes()}catch(e){notice(e.message)}}
    async function saveCoupangCode(id,box){const name=box.querySelector('[name="name"]').value.trim(),rawCode=box.querySelector('[name="raw_code"]').value.trim();if(!name||!rawCode)return notice("코드 이름과 쿠팡 코드를 모두 입력해주세요.");const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/coupang-codes/${id}`,{method:"PUT",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({name:name,raw_code:rawCode})});await readJsonResponse(res);notice("쿠팡 자동 코드를 수정했습니다.");await loadCoupangCodes()}
    async function removeCoupangCode(id,box){const name=box.querySelector('[name="name"]').value.trim();if(!confirm(window.siteI18n.t(`이 자동 코드를 삭제할까요?
${name}`)))return;const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/coupang-codes/${id}`,{method:"DELETE"});await readJsonResponse(res);notice("쿠팡 자동 코드를 삭제했습니다.");await loadCoupangCodes()}
    function selectedGeneration(){const platform=$("anPlatformSelect").value;let mode=$("anModeSelect").value;const aspectSelect=$("anThumbnailAspectSelect"),instagramChecked=Boolean($("anPublishInstagramCheck")&&$("anPublishInstagramCheck").checked),tiktokChecked=Boolean($("anPublishTikTokCheck")&&$("anPublishTikTokCheck").checked);if(!aspectSelect||!["16:9","9:16","1:1"].includes(aspectSelect.value))throw new Error("이미지 비율은 16:9, 9:16, 1:1 중 하나를 선택해주세요.");if(platform==="all")mode="all";saveManualGenerationPreferences();const settings={google_accounts:window.readNeoGooglePublicationAccounts?.(),platform:platform,intent_type:$("anIntentSelect").value,content_mode:mode,chatgpt_mode:$("anChatGPTModeSelect")?$("anChatGPTModeSelect").value:"current",publish_threads:Boolean($("anPublishThreadsCheck")&&$("anPublishThreadsCheck").checked),publish_instagram:instagramChecked,publish_tiktok:tiktokChecked,publish_youtube:Boolean($("anPublishYouTubeCheck")&&$("anPublishYouTubeCheck").checked),publish_youtube_longform:Boolean($("anPublishYouTubeLongformCheck")&&$("anPublishYouTubeLongformCheck").checked),publish_facebook:Boolean($("anPublishFacebookCheck")&&$("anPublishFacebookCheck").checked),publish_x:Boolean($("anPublishXCheck")&&$("anPublishXCheck").checked),publish_blogger:Boolean($("anPublishBloggerCheck")&&$("anPublishBloggerCheck").checked),homepage_image_count:($("anImageCountSelect")&&$("anImageCountSelect").value==="paragraphs")?"paragraphs":Math.max(1,Math.min(5,Number($("anImageCountSelect")?$("anImageCountSelect").value:5)||5)),thumbnail_aspect_ratio:aspectSelect.value,image_generation_provider:($("anImageCountSelect")&&$("anImageCountSelect").value==="paragraphs")?"gpt":($("anImageProviderSelect")?$("anImageProviderSelect").value:"auto"),video_generation_provider:$("anVideoProviderSelect")?$("anVideoProviderSelect").value:"auto",video_output_aspect_ratio:$("anVideoAspectSelect")?$("anVideoAspectSelect").value:"match",tts_provider:$("anTtsProviderSelect")?$("anTtsProviderSelect").value:"edge",homepage_image_source_mode:$("anHomepageImageSourceMode")?$("anHomepageImageSourceMode").value:"generate",video_source_mode:$("anVideoSourceMode")?$("anVideoSourceMode").value:"generate",apply_coupang_auto_code:Boolean($("anCoupangAutoCodeCheck")&&$("anCoupangAutoCodeCheck").checked)},links={toss_sharing_text:$("anTossSharingText")?$("anTossSharingText").value.trim():"",naver_brand_connect_url:$("anNaverBrandConnectUrl")?$("anNaverBrandConnectUrl").value.trim():"",coupang_partners_url:$("anCoupangPartnersUrl")?$("anCoupangPartnersUrl").value.trim():""};if(Object.values(links).some(Boolean))settings.affiliate_links=links;return settings}
    function showGeneratedPosts(data){const posts=data.posts||[],errors=data.errors||[],threadsDisabled=data.buffer&&data.buffer.status==="disabled_by_request";$("anModalTitle").textContent=`플랫폼별 콘텐츠 ${posts.length}개 생성 완료`;$("anModalActions").innerHTML=`<span class="an-tag">${threadsDisabled?"공통 팩트 시트 1개 기준 · 홈페이지 글과 이미지만 생성 · Threads 제외":"홈페이지 저장 완료 · 저장 원고 기반 외부 채널 즉시 준비 · 공용 쇼츠 영상 1개 순차 발행"}</span>`;$("anArticle").innerHTML=`<div class="an-generated-list">${posts.map(item=>{const word=canManage&&item.word_download_url?`<a class="an-btn success" href="${esc(item.word_download_url)}">Word 다운로드</a>`:"",gptArchive=canManage&&item.gpt_archive_download_url?`<a class="an-btn secondary" href="${esc(item.gpt_archive_download_url)}">GPT 원고 ZIP</a>`:"",copyActions=platformCopyActions(item.id),buffer=item.buffer?`<span>Buffer Threads ${esc(item.buffer.status||"확인 필요")}</span>`:"",instagram=item.instagram?`<span>Instagram ${esc(item.instagram.status||"확인 필요")}</span>`:"",tiktok=item.tiktok?`<span>TikTok ${esc(item.tiktok.status||"확인 필요")}</span>`:"",youtube=item.youtube?`<span>YouTube ${esc(item.youtube.status||"확인 필요")}</span>`:"",facebook=item.facebook?`<span>Facebook ${esc(item.facebook.status||"확인 필요")}</span>`:"",blogger=item.blogger?`<span>Blogger ${esc(item.blogger.status||"확인 필요")}</span>`:"",coupang=item.coupang_auto_code_applied?"<span>쿠팡 자동코드 적용</span>":"",affiliate=Number(item.affiliate_link_count||0)>0?`<span>직접 상품링크 ${esc(item.affiliate_link_count)}개</span>`:"",imageLabel=item.image_status==="queued"?"이미지 백그라운드 생성 중":item.image_attached?`이미지 ${esc(item.image_generated_count||0)}장`:item.image_status==="disabled"?"이미지 생성 꺼짐":"글만 저장";return `<section class="an-generated-item"><h2>${esc(item.platform_label)} · ${esc(item.title)}</h2><div class="an-meta"><span>${esc(item.status||"")}</span><span>내부 SEO ${esc(item.seo_score||0)}</span><span>${imageLabel}</span>${coupang}${affiliate}${buffer}${instagram}${tiktok}${youtube}${facebook}${blogger}</div>${visibilityScoreStrip(item,false)}<div class="an-manual-actions"><a class="an-btn" href="${esc(item.local_url)}">게시글 보기</a>${word}${gptArchive}${copyActions}</div></section>`}).join("")}</div>`+(errors.length?`<section class="an-warning-paragraph"><strong>생성 실패 ${errors.length}개</strong><br>${errors.map(item=>`${esc(item.platform_label)}: ${esc(item.detail)}`).join("<br>")}</section>`:"");modal.classList.add("open")}
    async function waitChatgptGenerationJob(jobId){
        const started=Date.now(),maxWaitMs=60*60*1000;
        let lastStatus="";
        while(Date.now()-started<maxWaitMs){
            const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/chatgpt-generation-jobs/${encodeURIComponent(jobId)}`,{cache:"no-store"});
            const data=await readJsonResponse(res);
            const status=String(data.status||"");
            if(status!==lastStatus){
                lastStatus=status;
                if(status==="queued")notice("ChatGPT 생성 작업이 대기 중입니다.");
                else if(status==="running")notice(`ChatGPT 글·이미지 생성 중 · worker ${data.owner_pid||"확인중"} · 보호 간격을 지키며 순차 처리하고 있습니다.`);
            }
            if(status==="completed"){
                if(!data.result)throw new Error("ChatGPT 생성 작업은 완료됐지만 결과 데이터를 찾지 못했습니다.");
                return data.result;
            }
            if(status==="rate_limited"){
                const retry=Math.max(1,Number(data.retry_after||600)||600);
                setChatgptClientCooldown(retry,data.detail||`ChatGPT 보호 제한입니다. 약 ${Math.ceil(retry/60)}분 뒤 다시 시도해주세요.`);
                throw new Error(data.detail||"ChatGPT 보호 제한으로 현재 작업을 중단했습니다.");
            }
            if(status==="superseded"){
                throw new Error(data.detail||"더 새로운 글 생성 요청이 시작되어 이전 자동 작업을 중단했습니다.");
            }
            if(status==="failed"||status==="cancelled"){
                throw new Error(data.detail||"ChatGPT 생성 작업이 완료되지 못했습니다.");
            }
            await new Promise(resolve=>setTimeout(resolve,5000));
        }
        throw new Error("ChatGPT 생성 작업의 서버 제한시간을 초과했습니다. 서버 작업은 상태에 따라 안전하게 정리됩니다.");
    }

    async function generateContent(){
        const keyword=$("anKeywordInput").value.trim();
        if(!keyword)return notice("주제 또는 키워드를 입력해주세요.");
        const button=$("anKeywordGenerateBtn");
        const cooldownRemaining=chatgptClientCooldownRemaining();
        if(cooldownRemaining>0){button.disabled=true;return notice(`ChatGPT 보호 제한 냉각 중입니다. 약 ${Math.ceil(cooldownRemaining/60)}분 후 새 요청을 보낼 수 있습니다.`)}
        await window.saveNeoBufferAccounts?.();const settings=selectedGeneration();
        // ver243: Blogger 연결 여부는 홈페이지 생성 요청의 선행조건이 아닙니다.
        // 미연결 상태라도 홈페이지 글은 먼저 published로 저장하고 Blogger만 후속 실패/건너뜀으로 처리합니다.
        const bloggerPreflightWarning="";
        const threadsNotice=settings.publish_threads?" 홈페이지 저장 후 저장된 완성 원고에서 Threads 본문을 즉시 만들고 발행합니다. 별도 GPT 재작성은 선택 설정일 때만 시도합니다.":" Threads 글·전용 이미지·Buffer 발행은 건너뜁니다.",instagramNotice=settings.publish_instagram?" 저장 원고에서 Instagram 캡션을 즉시 만들고 선택한 동영상 공급자 경로로 9:16(1080×1920) 공용 MP4를 만든 뒤 Buffer Reel로 발행합니다.":" Instagram 발행은 선택에 따라 건너뜁니다.",tiktokNotice=settings.publish_tiktok?" 저장 원고에서 TikTok 캡션을 즉시 만들고 Instagram과 동일한 공용 쇼츠 MP4를 사용합니다. 영상은 한 번만 생성합니다.":" TikTok 발행은 선택에 따라 건너뜁니다.",longformNotice=settings.publish_youtube_longform?" YouTube 롱폼은 전용 대본·16:9 장면·음성으로 제작하여 공식 API로 별도 업로드합니다.":"",youtubeNotice=settings.publish_youtube?" 저장 원고에서 YouTube Shorts 설명을 만들고 같은 공용 MP4를 Buffer YouTube 채널로 발행합니다.":" YouTube 발행은 건너뜁니다.",facebookNotice=settings.publish_facebook?" 저장 원고에서 Facebook Reel 본문을 만들고 같은 공용 MP4를 Buffer Facebook Page로 발행합니다.":" Facebook 발행은 건너뜁니다.",xNotice=settings.publish_x?" 저장 원고에서 X 전용 독립 문구를 만들고 같은 공용 MP4를 Buffer X/Twitter 채널로 발행합니다.":" X 발행은 건너뜁니다.",bloggerNotice=settings.publish_blogger?" 홈페이지 저장 뒤 확정 원고를 Blogger API 형식으로 변환해 발행하며 400 오류는 최소 본문으로 재검증합니다.":" Blogger API 업로드는 건너뜁니다.",coupangNotice=settings.apply_coupang_auto_code?(settings.publish_threads?" 기존 쿠팡 자동코드는 Threads 첫 댓글에 별도로 넣습니다.":" 기존 쿠팡 자동코드는 홈페이지에만 적용합니다."):" 기존 쿠팡 자동코드는 적용하지 않습니다.",affiliateCount=settings.affiliate_links?Object.values(settings.affiliate_links).filter(Boolean).length:0,affiliateNotice=affiliateCount?(settings.publish_threads?` 직접 상품링크 ${affiliateCount}개는 제목·설명·대표 이미지 카드로 홈페이지에 넣고 Threads 첫 댓글에는 고지·주소를 넣습니다.`:` 직접 상품링크 ${affiliateCount}개는 제목·설명·대표 이미지 카드로 홈페이지에 넣습니다.`):" 직접 상품링크는 적용하지 않습니다.";
        const attachedImageInput=$("anAttachedImageFile"),attachedImageFiles=attachedImageInput&&attachedImageInput.files?Array.from(attachedImageInput.files):[],attachedImageSelected=attachedImageFiles.length>0,homepageImageModeLabel=settings.homepage_image_source_mode==="uploaded"?"첨부 이미지 사용":"생성 사용",videoSourceModeLabel=settings.video_source_mode==="uploaded"?"첨부 이미지 사용":"생성 이미지 사용";if((settings.homepage_image_source_mode==="uploaded"||settings.video_source_mode==="uploaded")&&!attachedImageSelected)return notice("첨부 이미지 사용을 선택했다면 이미지 파일을 함께 첨부해주세요.");button.disabled=true;const scopeNotice=settings.content_mode==="all"?"공통 팩트 시트를 만든 뒤 9개 편집 플랫폼 글을 홈페이지에 저장합니다.":"선택한 편집 플랫폼의 홈페이지 글을 저장합니다.",imageProviderLabel={auto:"자동(GPT→서버)",gpt:"GPT만",server:"서버만"}[settings.image_generation_provider]||settings.image_generation_provider,videoProviderLabel={auto:"자동(Gemini→서버)",gemini:"Gemini만",server:"서버만"}[settings.video_generation_provider]||settings.video_generation_provider,imageNotice=settings.homepage_image_count==="paragraphs"?` 이미지는 최종 본문의 내용 있는 H2 문단 수만큼 GPT로 생성합니다(대표 1장 + H2별 1장). 동영상 ${videoProviderLabel} 경로 · 홈페이지 이미지 ${homepageImageModeLabel} · 동영상 원본 ${videoSourceModeLabel} · 첨부 이미지 ${attachedImageFiles.length}장${attachedImageFiles.length>8?" (GPT 전송 시 여러 원본을 이미지 시트로 자동 정리)":""}.`:` 글당 이미지는 총 ${settings.homepage_image_count}장(대표 1장 포함) · 이미지 ${imageProviderLabel} · 동영상 ${videoProviderLabel} 경로로 처리합니다. 홈페이지 이미지 ${homepageImageModeLabel} · 동영상 원본 ${videoSourceModeLabel} · 첨부 이미지 ${attachedImageFiles.length}장${attachedImageFiles.length>8?" (GPT 전송 시 여러 원본을 이미지 시트로 자동 정리)":""}.`;
        notice(scopeNotice+imageNotice+threadsNotice+instagramNotice+tiktokNotice+youtubeNotice+longformNotice+facebookNotice+xNotice+bloggerNotice+coupangNotice+affiliateNotice+bloggerPreflightWarning);
        try{
            let attachedImageUrls=[];
            let attachedImageUrl="";
            if(attachedImageSelected){
                notice(`첨부 이미지 ${attachedImageFiles.length}장을 업로드하고 있습니다.`);
                attachedImageUrls=await uploadImages(attachedImageInput);
                attachedImageUrl=attachedImageUrls[0]||"";
            }
            const requestedHomepageImageCount=settings.homepage_image_count==="paragraphs"?"paragraphs":Math.max(1,Math.min(5,Number(settings.homepage_image_count||5)));settings.homepage_image_count=requestedHomepageImageCount;if(requestedHomepageImageCount==="paragraphs"&&$("anImageProviderSelect"))$("anImageProviderSelect").value="gpt";console.log("[AUTO_NEWS][IMAGE_COUNT] content-center submit",{homepage_image_count:requestedHomepageImageCount});
            const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/chatgpt-generate",{method:"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({status:"published",prompt:"최신 검색 수요 주제",keyword:keyword,chatgpt_url:manualChatgptUrl,playwright_publish:false,background_generation:true,attached_image_url:attachedImageUrl,attached_image_urls:attachedImageUrls,attached_image_alt:keyword,...settings})});
            const raw=await res.text();
            let data={};
            try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||"서버 응답을 확인하지 못했습니다."}}
            if(!res.ok){if(res.status===429){const retry=Math.max(1,Number(res.headers.get("Retry-After")||data.retry_after||600)||600);setChatgptClientCooldown(retry,data.detail||`ChatGPT 보호 제한입니다. 약 ${Math.ceil(retry/60)}분 뒤 다시 시도해주세요.`);return}return notice(data.detail||"콘텐츠 생성 작업 시작에 실패했습니다.")}
            if(data.accepted&&data.job_id){
                notice("ChatGPT 생성 작업을 서버 백그라운드에서 시작했습니다. 완료될 때까지 상태만 확인합니다.");
                data=await waitChatgptGenerationJob(data.job_id);
            }
            if(!data.id||!data.site_registered)return notice(data.detail||"GPT 답변은 생성됐지만 사이트 게시글 등록 결과를 확인하지 못했습니다.");
            state.status="all";
            state.page=1;
            await load();
            if(data.multi_platform){
                showGeneratedPosts(data);
                if(data.buffer&&data.buffer.status==="disabled_by_request")notice(`${data.generated_count||0}개 편집 플랫폼 콘텐츠를 홈페이지에 저장했습니다. 선택에 따라 Threads 글작성·포스팅은 건너뛰었습니다.`);
                else if(data.buffer&&!data.buffer.ok)notice(data.buffer.detail||data.buffer.reason||"홈페이지 글은 저장됐지만 별도 Threads 작업을 시작하지 못했습니다.");
                else notice(`${data.generated_count||0}개 편집 플랫폼 콘텐츠를 홈페이지에 저장했습니다. 선택한 Threads·Instagram·TikTok·YouTube·Facebook·Blogger 외부 작업은 별도로 진행됩니다.`);
                return;
            }
            if(data.quality_hold){notice("엄격 품질 보류 설정으로 초안에 저장했습니다.");return}
            if(data.buffer&&data.buffer.status==="disabled_by_request")notice("홈페이지 포스팅을 완료했습니다. 선택에 따라 Threads 글작성·포스팅은 건너뛰었습니다.");
            else if(data.buffer&&!data.buffer.ok)notice(data.buffer.detail||data.buffer.reason||"홈페이지 글은 저장됐지만 별도 Threads 작업을 시작하지 못했습니다.");
            if(data.local_url){location.href=data.local_url;return}
            notice(data.duplicate?"동일 본문이 있어 기존 등록 글을 열었습니다.":"홈페이지 포스팅을 완료했습니다. 선택한 Threads·Instagram·TikTok·YouTube·Facebook·Blogger 외부 작업은 별도로 진행됩니다.");
        }finally{button.disabled=chatgptClientCooldownRemaining()>0}
    }
    function selectedImage(input){const file=input&&input.files&&input.files[0];if(!file)return null;const allowed=["image/jpeg","image/png","image/webp","image/gif","application/octet-stream"];const lower=String(file.name||"").toLowerCase();if(!allowed.includes(file.type)&&!/[.](png|jpe?g|webp|gif)$/.test(lower))throw new Error("JPG, PNG, WEBP, GIF 이미지만 첨부할 수 있습니다.");if(file.size>50*1024*1024)throw new Error("대표 이미지는 50MB 이하만 업로드할 수 있습니다.");return file}
    function selectedImages(input){const files=Array.from(input&&input.files?input.files:[]);if(!files.length)return[];const allowed=["image/jpeg","image/png","image/webp","image/gif","application/octet-stream"];return files.map(file=>{const lower=String(file.name||"").toLowerCase();if(!allowed.includes(file.type)&&!/[.](png|jpe?g|webp|gif)$/.test(lower))throw new Error("JPG, PNG, WEBP, GIF 이미지만 첨부할 수 있습니다.");if(file.size>50*1024*1024)throw new Error("첨부 이미지는 각 파일당 50MB 이하만 업로드할 수 있습니다.");return file})}
    function selectedImageZip(input){const file=input&&input.files&&input.files[0];if(!file)return null;if(!String(file.name||"").toLowerCase().endsWith(".zip"))throw new Error("전체 이미지 파일은 ZIP 형식만 업로드할 수 있습니다.");if(file.size>200*1024*1024)throw new Error("전체 이미지 ZIP은 200MB 이하만 업로드할 수 있습니다.");return file}
    async function parseUploadResponse(res){const raw=await res.text();let data={};try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||"서버 응답을 읽지 못했습니다."}}if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||`파일 업로드에 실패했습니다. (${res.status})`);return data}
    async function uploadBinaryFile(endpoint,file,fieldName="file"){let firstError=null;try{const res=await fetch(endpoint,{method:"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":file.type||"application/octet-stream","X-File-Name":encodeURIComponent(file.name||"upload.bin")},body:file});return await parseUploadResponse(res)}catch(e){firstError=e}try{const form=new FormData();form.append(fieldName,file,file.name||"upload.bin");const res=await fetch(endpoint,{method:"POST",body:form});return await parseUploadResponse(res)}catch(e){throw new Error(`${e.message||"업로드 실패"}${firstError?` / 원시 업로드: ${firstError.message}`:""}`)}}
    async function normalizePngForUpload(file){if(!file||(!/\.png$/i.test(file.name||"")&&file.type!=="image/png"))return file;let bitmap=null,url="";try{if(typeof createImageBitmap==="function")bitmap=await createImageBitmap(file);else{url=URL.createObjectURL(file);bitmap=await new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{const img=new Image();img.onload=()=>resolve(img);img.onerror=()=>reject(new Error("PNG를 브라우저에서 열지 못했습니다."));img.src=url})}const width=bitmap.width||bitmap.naturalWidth,height=bitmap.height||bitmap.naturalHeight;if(!width||!height)throw new Error("PNG 크기를 확인하지 못했습니다.");const canvas=document.createElement("canvas");canvas.width=width;canvas.height=height;const ctx=canvas.getContext("2d",{alpha:true});if(!ctx)throw new Error("PNG 변환 캔버스를 만들지 못했습니다.");ctx.drawImage(bitmap,0,0,width,height);const blob=await new Promise((resolve,reject)=>canvas.toBlob(value=>value?resolve(value):reject(new Error("표준 PNG 변환에 실패했습니다.")),"image/png"));return new File([blob],String(file.name||"thumbnail.png").replace(/\.[^.]+$/,"_normalized.png"),{type:"image/png",lastModified:Date.now()})}finally{if(bitmap&&typeof bitmap.close==="function")bitmap.close();if(url)URL.revokeObjectURL(url)}}
    async function uploadImage(input){const file=selectedImage(input);if(!file)return"";let data=null;try{data=await uploadBinaryFile("/api/auto-news/image-upload",file,"image_file")}catch(firstError){if(!/\.png$/i.test(file.name||"")&&file.type!=="image/png")throw firstError;notice("PNG를 표준 형식으로 변환해 다시 업로드합니다.");const normalized=await normalizePngForUpload(file);data=await uploadBinaryFile("/api/auto-news/image-upload",normalized,"image_file")}if(!data.url)throw new Error(data.detail||"대표 이미지 주소를 받지 못했습니다.");return data.url}
    async function uploadImages(input){const files=selectedImages(input);if(!files.length)return[];const urls=[];for(let index=0;index<files.length;index+=1){const file=files[index];let data=null;notice(`첨부 이미지 업로드 중 ${index+1}/${files.length}`);try{data=await uploadBinaryFile("/api/auto-news/image-upload",file,"image_file")}catch(firstError){if(!/\.png$/i.test(file.name||"")&&file.type!=="image/png")throw firstError;notice(`첨부 PNG를 표준 형식으로 변환해 다시 업로드합니다. ${index+1}/${files.length}`);const normalized=await normalizePngForUpload(file);data=await uploadBinaryFile("/api/auto-news/image-upload",normalized,"image_file")}if(!data.url)throw new Error(data.detail||`첨부 이미지 ${index+1}의 주소를 받지 못했습니다.`);urls.push(data.url)}return urls}
    async function uploadImageZip(input){const file=selectedImageZip(input);if(!file)return{images:[],thumbnail_fallback_url:""};const data=await uploadBinaryFile("/api/auto-news/image-zip-upload",file,"image_zip_file");if(!Array.isArray(data.images)||!data.images.length)throw new Error(data.detail||"ZIP 안에서 사용할 이미지를 찾지 못했습니다.");return data}
    function wrapSelection(textarea,before,after=before){const start=textarea.selectionStart||0,end=textarea.selectionEnd||0,selected=textarea.value.slice(start,end)||"강조할 내용";textarea.setRangeText(before+selected+after,start,end,"select");textarea.focus()}
    function formatSelected(kind){const textarea=$("anEditContent");if(!textarea)return;if(kind==="bold")return wrapSelection(textarea,"[bold]","[/bold]");if(kind==="blue")return wrapSelection(textarea,"**","**");if(kind==="warn")return wrapSelection(textarea,"^^","^^");if(kind==="highlight")return wrapSelection(textarea,"==","==");if(kind==="underline")return wrapSelection(textarea,"[u]","[/u]");if(kind==="color")return wrapSelection(textarea,`[color=${$("anEditorColor").value}]`,`[/color]`);if(kind==="size")return wrapSelection(textarea,`[size=${$("anEditorSize").value}]`,`[/size]`);const start=textarea.selectionStart||0,lineStart=textarea.value.lastIndexOf("\n",Math.max(0,start-1))+1,prefix=kind==="h2"?"## ":"### ";textarea.setRangeText(prefix,lineStart,lineStart,"end");textarea.focus()}
    async function editPost(id){const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}?inc_view=0`);const data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));if(!res.ok)return notice(data.detail||"콘텐츠를 불러오지 못했습니다.");const p=data.post||{};["id","title","slug","summary","category","thumbnail_text","image_url","image_alt","platform","intent_type","content_mode","status","content_markdown","coupang_partners_code"].forEach(name=>{if(editForm.elements[name])editForm.elements[name].value=name==="coupang_partners_code"?(p.coupang_partners_html||""):(p[name]||"")});const linkMap={};(p.affiliate_links||[]).forEach(item=>linkMap[item.type]=item.type==="toss_sharing"?(item.text||item.url||""):(item.url||""));if(editForm.elements.toss_sharing_text)editForm.elements.toss_sharing_text.value=linkMap.toss_sharing||"";if(editForm.elements.naver_brand_connect_url)editForm.elements.naver_brand_connect_url.value=linkMap.naver_brand_connect||"";if(editForm.elements.coupang_partners_url)editForm.elements.coupang_partners_url.value=linkMap.coupang_partners||"";editForm.elements.tags.value=(p.display_tags||p.tags||[]).map(hashTag).filter(Boolean).join(" ");editForm.elements.seo_boost.checked=false;const preview=$("anEditImagePreview"),current=$("anEditImageCurrent");preview.onerror=()=>{preview.removeAttribute("src");current.classList.remove("open")};if(p.image_url){preview.src=p.image_url;current.classList.add("open")}else{preview.removeAttribute("src");current.classList.remove("open")}editForm.elements.image_file.value="";if(editForm.elements.image_zip_file)editForm.elements.image_zip_file.value="";editModal.classList.add("open")}
    async function saveEdit(){
      const f=editForm,id=f.elements.id.value;
      let imageUrl=f.elements.image_url.value.trim(),zipResult={images:[],thumbnail_fallback_url:""},thumbnailUploadFailed=false,uploadMessages=[];
      try{
        if(f.elements.image_zip_file&&f.elements.image_zip_file.files&&f.elements.image_zip_file.files[0]){
          notice("전체 이미지 ZIP을 업로드하고 있습니다.");
          zipResult=await uploadImageZip(f.elements.image_zip_file);
          uploadMessages.push(`ZIP 이미지 ${zipResult.images.length}장`);
        }
      }catch(e){return notice(e.message)}
      if(f.elements.image_file.files&&f.elements.image_file.files[0]){
        try{
          notice("대표 썸네일 PNG를 업로드하고 있습니다.");
          imageUrl=await uploadImage(f.elements.image_file);
          uploadMessages.push("대표 썸네일 업로드 완료");
        }catch(e){
          thumbnailUploadFailed=true;
          if(zipResult.thumbnail_fallback_url){
            imageUrl=zipResult.thumbnail_fallback_url;
            uploadMessages.push("썸네일 실패 → ZIP 첫 이미지 사용");
          }else{
            notice(`${e.message} 전체 이미지 ZIP이 없어 기존 대표 이미지를 유지합니다.`);
          }
        }
      }else if(!imageUrl&&zipResult.thumbnail_fallback_url){
        imageUrl=zipResult.thumbnail_fallback_url;
        uploadMessages.push("ZIP 첫 이미지를 대표 썸네일로 사용");
      }
      const payload={title:f.elements.title.value.trim(),slug:f.elements.slug.value.trim(),summary:f.elements.summary.value.trim(),category:f.elements.category.value.trim(),thumbnail_text:f.elements.thumbnail_text.value.trim(),tags:f.elements.tags.value.trim(),image_url:imageUrl,image_alt:f.elements.image_alt.value.trim(),uploaded_body_images:zipResult.images||[],thumbnail_upload_failed:thumbnailUploadFailed,platform:f.elements.platform.value,intent_type:f.elements.intent_type.value,content_mode:f.elements.platform.value==="all"?"all":f.elements.content_mode.value,status:f.elements.status.value,seo_boost:f.elements.seo_boost.checked,coupang_partners_code:f.elements.coupang_partners_code.value.trim(),affiliate_links:{toss_sharing_text:f.elements.toss_sharing_text.value.trim(),naver_brand_connect_url:f.elements.naver_brand_connect_url.value.trim(),coupang_partners_url:f.elements.coupang_partners_url.value.trim()},content_markdown:f.elements.content_markdown.value.trim()};
      if(!payload.content_markdown)return notice("본문을 입력해주세요.");
      notice(uploadMessages.length?`${uploadMessages.join(" · ")} · 수정 내용을 저장 중입니다.`:"수정 내용을 저장 중입니다.");
      const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}`,{method:"PUT",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify(payload)});
      const raw=await res.text();let data={};try{data=raw?JSON.parse(raw):{}}catch(e){data={detail:raw||"서버 응답을 읽지 못했습니다."}}
      if(!res.ok)return notice(data.detail||"수정하지 못했습니다.");
      if(data.local_url){location.href=data.local_url;return}
      notice("수정 내용을 사이트에 반영했습니다.");editModal.classList.remove("open");await load()
    }
    function schedulerTimeRow(value="09:00"){const row=document.createElement("div");row.className="an-scheduler-time-row";row.innerHTML=`<input class="an-input" type="time" value="${esc(value)}" step="60" aria-label="자동 포스팅 시간"><button class="an-btn danger" type="button" data-scheduler-time-delete>삭제</button>`;return row}
    function renderSchedulerTimes(times){if(!schedulerTimes)return;schedulerTimes.innerHTML="";(Array.isArray(times)&&times.length?times:schedulerTimePresets.even).forEach(value=>schedulerTimes.appendChild(schedulerTimeRow(value)))}
    function applySchedulerTimePreset(name){const values=Array.isArray(schedulerTimePresets[name])?schedulerTimePresets[name]:[];if(!values.length)return notice("시간대 프리셋을 불러오지 못했습니다.");renderSchedulerTimes(values);notice(`${name==="even"?"짝수":"홀수"}시간대 10개를 적용했습니다. 설정 저장을 누르면 확정됩니다.`)}
    // ver359: 플랫폼별 활성 프롬프트와 전용 GPT 사용 여부를 DB에서 직접 관리합니다.
    const promptPlatformOrder=["website","blogspot","threads","instagram","tiktok","youtube","facebook","x","naver","tistory","community","common_facts"];
    const promptPlatformLabels={website:"홈페이지",blogspot:"블로거",threads:"스레드",instagram:"인스타그램",tiktok:"틱톡",youtube:"유튜브",facebook:"페이스북",x:"엑스",naver:"네이버 블로그",tistory:"티스토리",community:"커뮤니티",common_facts:"공통 사실자료"};
    let promptManagerState={platform:"website",settings:{},profiles:[],editingId:0};
    function promptKindForPlatform(platform){return platform==="common_facts"?"facts":"text"}
    function renderPromptPlatformButtons(){if(!promptPlatformList)return;promptPlatformList.innerHTML=promptPlatformOrder.map(key=>`<button class="an-prompt-platform-btn${key===promptManagerState.platform?" active":""}" type="button" data-prompt-platform="${key}">${esc(promptPlatformLabels[key]||key)}</button>`).join("")}
    function promptPlatformSetting(platform){const items=Array.isArray(promptManagerState.settings.platforms)?promptManagerState.settings.platforms:[];return items.find(item=>item.platform===platform)||{platform:platform,label:promptPlatformLabels[platform]||platform,dedicated_gpt_supported:false,dedicated_gpt_enabled:true}}
    function renderPromptProfiles(){
      if(!promptProfileList||!promptEditorForm)return;
      const platform=promptManagerState.platform,setting=promptPlatformSetting(platform),items=promptManagerState.profiles.filter(item=>item.platform===platform);
      $("anPromptPlatformTitle").textContent=`${promptPlatformLabels[platform]||platform} 프롬프트`;
      $("anPromptPlatformMeta").textContent=setting.profile_name?`현재 기본: ${setting.profile_name} · 버전 ${setting.version||1}`:"현재 기본 프롬프트를 확인하세요.";
      $("anPromptDedicatedWrap").style.display=setting.dedicated_gpt_supported?"flex":"none";
      $("anPromptDedicatedEnabled").checked=Boolean(setting.dedicated_gpt_enabled);
      promptProfileList.innerHTML=items.length?items.map(item=>`<div class="an-prompt-item${item.is_default?" is-default":""}" data-prompt-profile-id="${item.id}"><div class="an-prompt-item-head"><div><div class="an-prompt-item-name">${esc(item.name)}</div><div class="an-prompt-item-meta">버전 ${Number(item.version||1)} · ${item.enabled?"사용":"사용 안 함"} · ${item.is_default?"현재 기본":"보조 프로필"}${item.updated_at?` · 수정 ${esc(String(item.updated_at).slice(0,16))}`:""}</div></div><div class="an-prompt-item-actions">${item.is_default?'<span class="an-prompt-badge">사용 중</span>':`<button class="an-prompt-mini primary" type="button" data-prompt-activate="${item.id}">기본 사용</button>`}<button class="an-prompt-mini" type="button" data-prompt-edit="${item.id}">수정</button><button class="an-prompt-mini" type="button" data-prompt-copy="${item.id}">복제</button><button class="an-prompt-mini danger" type="button" data-prompt-delete="${item.id}">삭제</button></div></div></div>`).join(""):'<div class="an-prompt-empty">저장된 프롬프트가 없습니다.</div>';
      if(!promptManagerState.editingId&&items.length){const target=items.find(item=>item.is_default)||items[0];fillPromptEditor(target)}
    }
    function fillPromptEditor(item,clone=false){if(!promptEditorForm||!item)return;promptManagerState.editingId=clone?0:Number(item.id||0);promptEditorForm.elements.id.value=clone?"":String(item.id||"");promptEditorForm.elements.platform.value=promptManagerState.platform;promptEditorForm.elements.prompt_kind.value=promptKindForPlatform(promptManagerState.platform);promptEditorForm.elements.name.value=clone?`${item.name} 복제`:item.name;promptEditorForm.elements.prompt_text.value=item.prompt_text||"";promptEditorForm.elements.enabled.value=item.enabled?"1":"0";promptEditorForm.elements.is_default.checked=false}
    function newPromptEditor(){if(!promptEditorForm)return;promptManagerState.editingId=0;promptEditorForm.reset();promptEditorForm.elements.id.value="";promptEditorForm.elements.platform.value=promptManagerState.platform;promptEditorForm.elements.prompt_kind.value=promptKindForPlatform(promptManagerState.platform);promptEditorForm.elements.enabled.value="1";promptEditorForm.elements.name.value=`${promptPlatformLabels[promptManagerState.platform]||promptManagerState.platform} 새 프롬프트`;promptEditorForm.elements.prompt_text.value="";promptEditorForm.elements.is_default.checked=false;promptEditorForm.elements.prompt_text.focus()}
    async function loadPromptManager(platform){
      const target=platform||promptManagerState.platform||"website";promptManagerState.platform=target;promptManagerState.editingId=0;
      const [settingsRes,profilesRes]=await Promise.all([fetch("/api/auto-news/prompt-settings",{cache:"no-store"}),fetch(`/api/auto-news/prompt-profiles?platform=${encodeURIComponent(target)}`,{cache:"no-store"})]);
      promptManagerState.settings=await readJsonResponse(settingsRes);const profileData=await readJsonResponse(profilesRes);promptManagerState.profiles=Array.isArray(profileData.items)?profileData.items:[];renderPromptPlatformButtons();renderPromptProfiles();
    }
    async function openPromptManager(){if(!promptManagerModal)return;promptManagerModal.classList.add("open");await loadPromptManager(promptManagerState.platform)}
    async function savePromptDedicatedSetting(){const platform=promptManagerState.platform,setting=promptPlatformSetting(platform);if(!setting.dedicated_gpt_supported)return;const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/prompt-settings/${encodeURIComponent(platform)}`,{method:"PUT",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({dedicated_gpt_enabled:$("anPromptDedicatedEnabled").checked})});await readJsonResponse(res);notice(`${promptPlatformLabels[platform]} 전용 GPT 설정을 저장했습니다.`);await loadPromptManager(platform)}
    async function savePromptEditor(){
      const id=Number(promptEditorForm.elements.id.value||0),payload={platform:promptManagerState.platform,prompt_kind:promptKindForPlatform(promptManagerState.platform),name:promptEditorForm.elements.name.value.trim(),prompt_text:promptEditorForm.elements.prompt_text.value.trim(),enabled:promptEditorForm.elements.enabled.value==="1",is_default:promptEditorForm.elements.is_default.checked};
      if(!payload.name||payload.prompt_text.length<20)throw new Error("프롬프트 이름과 20자 이상의 명령을 입력해주세요.");
      const res=await fetch(id?`/api/auto-news/prompt-profiles/${id}`:"/api/auto-news/prompt-profiles",{method:id?"PUT":"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify(payload)});await readJsonResponse(res);notice(id?"프롬프트를 수정했습니다.":"새 프롬프트를 추가했습니다.");promptManagerState.editingId=0;await loadPromptManager(promptManagerState.platform)
    }
    async function activatePromptProfile(id){const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/prompt-profiles/${Number(id)}/activate`,{method:"POST"});await readJsonResponse(res);notice("이 프롬프트를 현재 기본으로 적용했습니다.");promptManagerState.editingId=0;await loadPromptManager(promptManagerState.platform)}
    async function deletePromptProfile(id){const item=promptManagerState.profiles.find(x=>Number(x.id)===Number(id));if(!item)return;if(!confirm(window.siteI18n.t(`'${item.name}' 프롬프트를 삭제할까요?`)))return;const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/prompt-profiles/${Number(id)}`,{method:"DELETE"});await readJsonResponse(res);notice("프롬프트를 삭제했습니다.");promptManagerState.editingId=0;await loadPromptManager(promptManagerState.platform)}
    function insertPromptVariable(value){const area=promptEditorForm&&promptEditorForm.elements.prompt_text;if(!area)return;const start=area.selectionStart||0,end=area.selectionEnd||0;area.value=area.value.slice(0,start)+value+area.value.slice(end);area.focus();area.selectionStart=area.selectionEnd=start+value.length}

    const externalSettingsState={items:[],categories:[],category:"전체",query:"",changedOnly:false,dirty:new Map(),reset:new Set(),profiles:[]};
    function externalSettingControl(item){
      const key=String(item.key||""),value=String(item.value==null?"":item.value),type=String(item.type||"text"),dirtyValue=externalSettingsState.dirty.has(key)?String(externalSettingsState.dirty.get(key)):value;
      if(type==="bool")return `<label class="an-setting-toggle"><input type="checkbox" data-external-setting-key="${esc(key)}" data-external-setting-type="bool" ${["1","true","yes","on"].includes(dirtyValue.toLowerCase())?"checked":""}>사용</label>`;
      if(type==="select"&&Array.isArray(item.options)&&item.options.length){return `<select class="an-select" data-external-setting-key="${esc(key)}" data-external-setting-type="select">${item.options.map(opt=>`<option value="${esc(opt.value)}" ${String(opt.value)===dirtyValue?"selected":""}>${esc(opt.label)}</option>`).join("")}</select>`}
      if(type==="secret")return `<div><input class="an-input" type="password" autocomplete="new-password" data-external-setting-key="${esc(key)}" data-external-setting-type="secret" placeholder="${item.secret_configured?"저장된 비밀값 유지":"새 비밀값 입력"}"><div class="an-setting-secret-note">${item.secret_configured?"현재 비밀값이 설정되어 있습니다. 새 값을 입력할 때만 교체됩니다.":"현재 비밀값이 없습니다."}</div></div>`;
      if(type==="longtext")return `<textarea class="an-textarea" data-external-setting-key="${esc(key)}" data-external-setting-type="longtext">${esc(dirtyValue)}</textarea>`;
      const htmlType=type==="number"?"number":type==="url"?"url":"text";return `<input class="an-input" type="${htmlType}" data-external-setting-key="${esc(key)}" data-external-setting-type="${esc(type)}" value="${esc(dirtyValue)}">`;
    }
    function renderExternalSettingsCategories(){
      if(!externalSettingsCategories)return;const counts=new Map((externalSettingsState.categories||[]).map(x=>[String(x.name||""),Number(x.count||0)]));
      const names=["전체",...[...counts.keys()]];externalSettingsCategories.innerHTML=names.map(name=>`<button class="an-settings-category-btn ${externalSettingsState.category===name?"active":""}" type="button" data-external-category="${esc(name)}"><span>${esc(name)}</span><span class="an-settings-category-count">${name==="전체"?externalSettingsState.items.length:(counts.get(name)||0)}</span></button>`).join("");
    }
    function renderExternalSettings(){
      if(!externalSettingsList)return;const query=externalSettingsState.query.trim().toLowerCase();let items=externalSettingsState.items.filter(item=>(externalSettingsState.category==="전체"||item.category===externalSettingsState.category)&&(!query||String(item.label||"").toLowerCase().includes(query))&&(!externalSettingsState.changedOnly||item.overridden||externalSettingsState.dirty.has(item.key)||externalSettingsState.reset.has(item.key)));
      externalSettingsList.innerHTML=items.length?items.map(item=>{const changed=externalSettingsState.dirty.has(item.key),reset=externalSettingsState.reset.has(item.key),source=reset?"기본값으로 복귀 예정":changed?"저장 대기":item.source;return `<article class="an-setting-item ${(item.overridden||changed)&&!reset?"is-overridden":""}" data-setting-item="${esc(item.key)}"><div class="an-setting-item-head"><div><div class="an-setting-title">${esc(item.label)}</div><div class="an-setting-meta"><span class="an-setting-badge ${item.overridden&&!reset?"db":""}">${esc(source)}</span><span class="an-setting-badge">${esc(item.category)}</span>${item.linked_setting?`<span class="an-setting-badge">${esc(item.linked_setting)}</span>`:''}${item.restart_recommended?'<span class="an-setting-badge restart">재시작 후 완전 적용</span>':''}</div></div><button class="an-setting-reset" type="button" data-external-reset-key="${esc(item.key)}">${item.overridden||changed?"환경·기본값 사용":"초기값"}</button></div><div class="an-setting-control">${externalSettingControl(item)}<span class="an-coupang-manager-meta">${item.type==="secret"?esc(item.effective_display||""):"현재 "+esc(item.effective_display||"")}</span></div></article>`}).join(""):'<div class="an-setting-empty">조건에 맞는 설정이 없습니다.</div>';
      const dirtyCount=externalSettingsState.dirty.size+externalSettingsState.reset.size;$('anExternalSettingsDirty').textContent=dirtyCount?`${dirtyCount}개 설정이 저장 대기 중입니다.`:"변경된 설정이 없습니다.";
    }
    function renderExternalProfiles(){
      const select=$('anExternalProfileSelect');if(!select)return;const items=Array.isArray(externalSettingsState.profiles)?externalSettingsState.profiles:[];
      select.innerHTML='<option value="">'+(externalSettingsState.category==='전체'?'분류를 선택하면 설정 프로필을 사용할 수 있습니다.':'저장된 설정 프로필 선택')+'</option>'+items.map(item=>`<option value="${Number(item.id||0)}">${esc(item.name||'이름 없음')}${item.is_active?' · 사용 중':''}</option>`).join('');
      const active=items.find(item=>item.is_active);if(active)select.value=String(active.id||'');
    }
    async function loadExternalProfiles(){
      if(externalSettingsState.category==='전체'){externalSettingsState.profiles=[];renderExternalProfiles();return []}
      const res=await fetch('/api/auto-news/external-setting-profiles?category='+encodeURIComponent(externalSettingsState.category),{cache:'no-store'}),data=await readJsonResponse(res);externalSettingsState.profiles=Array.isArray(data.items)?data.items:[];renderExternalProfiles();return externalSettingsState.profiles;
    }
    async function captureExternalProfile(){
      if(externalSettingsState.category==='전체')return notice('먼저 챗지피티·버퍼·블로거처럼 한 설정 분류를 선택해주세요.');
      if(externalSettingsState.dirty.size||externalSettingsState.reset.size)return notice('저장 대기 중인 변경값을 먼저 저장한 뒤 설정 프로필을 만들어주세요.');
      const name=window.prompt(window.siteI18n.t(`${externalSettingsState.category} 설정 프로필 이름을 입력해주세요.`),`${externalSettingsState.category} 운영 프로필`);if(!name||!name.trim())return;
      const res=await fetch('/api/auto-news/external-setting-profiles',{method:'POST',headers:{'Content-Type':'application/json'},body:JSON.stringify({category:externalSettingsState.category,name:name.trim()})}),data=await readJsonResponse(res);await loadExternalProfiles();notice(`${data.item&&data.item.name||name} 프로필을 저장했습니다.`);
    }
    async function activateExternalProfile(){
      const id=Number($('anExternalProfileSelect').value||0);if(!id)return notice('사용할 설정 프로필을 선택해주세요.');if(externalSettingsState.dirty.size||externalSettingsState.reset.size)return notice('저장 대기 중인 변경값을 먼저 저장하거나 취소해주세요.');
      const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/external-setting-profiles/${id}/activate`,{method:'POST'}),data=await readJsonResponse(res);await Promise.all([loadExternalSettings(),loadExternalProfiles(),loadSchedulerSettings(),loadBufferChannelStatus(),loadBloggerConnectionStatus()]);notice(`${data.name||'설정 프로필'}을 적용했습니다. ${Number(data.applied_count||0)}개 설정이 전환되었습니다.`);
    }
    async function deleteExternalProfile(){
      const id=Number($('anExternalProfileSelect').value||0);if(!id)return notice('삭제할 설정 프로필을 선택해주세요.');const item=(externalSettingsState.profiles||[]).find(x=>Number(x.id)===id);if(item&&item.is_active)return notice('현재 사용 중인 프로필은 다른 프로필로 전환한 뒤 삭제해주세요.');if(!window.confirm(window.siteI18n.t('선택한 설정 프로필을 삭제할까요?')))return;
      const res=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/external-setting-profiles/${id}`,{method:'DELETE'});await readJsonResponse(res);await loadExternalProfiles();notice('설정 프로필을 삭제했습니다.');
    }
    async function loadExternalSettings(){
      const res=await fetch('/api/auto-news/external-settings',{cache:'no-store'}),data=await readJsonResponse(res);externalSettingsState.items=Array.isArray(data.items)?data.items:[];externalSettingsState.categories=Array.isArray(data.categories)?data.categories:[];externalSettingsState.dirty.clear();externalSettingsState.reset.clear();renderExternalSettingsCategories();renderExternalSettings();return data;
    }
    async function openExternalSettings(){externalSettingsModal.classList.add('open');await loadExternalSettings();await loadExternalProfiles()}
    function markExternalSetting(key,value){externalSettingsState.reset.delete(key);externalSettingsState.dirty.set(key,value);renderExternalSettings()}
    async function saveExternalSettings(){
      const settings={};for(const [key,value] of externalSettingsState.dirty.entries())settings[key]=value;const resetKeys=[...externalSettingsState.reset];if(!Object.keys(settings).length&&!resetKeys.length)return notice('변경된 설정이 없습니다.');const res=await fetch('/api/auto-news/external-settings',{method:'PUT',headers:{'Content-Type':'application/json'},body:JSON.stringify({settings:settings,reset_keys:resetKeys})}),data=await readJsonResponse(res);notice(`전체 운영 설정을 저장했습니다. ${Object.keys(settings).length}개 변경 · ${resetKeys.length}개 기본값 복귀`);await loadExternalSettings();await Promise.allSettled([loadSchedulerSettings(),loadBufferChannelStatus(),loadBloggerConnectionStatus()]);return data;
    }
    const DEFAULT_SCHEDULER_IMAGE_COUNT=5;
    function normalizedSchedulerImageCount(value){const raw=String(value==null?"":value).trim().toLowerCase();if(raw==="paragraphs"||raw==="paragraph"||raw==="-1")return "paragraphs";const num=Number(raw);return Number.isFinite(num)&&num>=1&&num<=5?String(Math.trunc(num)):String(DEFAULT_SCHEDULER_IMAGE_COUNT)}
    function closeSchedulerManager(event){
      if(event){try{event.preventDefault()}catch(_e){}try{event.stopPropagation()}catch(_e){}}
      const targetModal=schedulerManagerModal||document.getElementById("anSchedulerManagerModal");
      if(!targetModal)return false;
      // ver602: close the native modal once; class-only closing left background controls inert.
      if(targetModal.open)targetModal.close();
      targetModal.classList.remove("open");
      targetModal.setAttribute("aria-hidden","true");
      
      return false;
    }
    async function loadSchedulerSettings(){const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/scheduler-settings",{cache:"no-store"}),data=await readJsonResponse(res),presets=data.time_presets||{},dedicated=data.dedicated_gpt_by_platform||{};if(Array.isArray(presets.odd)&&presets.odd.length)schedulerTimePresets.odd=presets.odd;if(Array.isArray(presets.even)&&presets.even.length)schedulerTimePresets.even=presets.even;$("anSchedulerEnabled").checked=Boolean(data.enabled);$("anSchedulerPublishThreads").checked=data.publish_threads!==false;$("anSchedulerPublishInstagram").checked=data.publish_instagram===true;$("anSchedulerPublishTikTok").checked=data.publish_tiktok===true;$("anSchedulerPublishYouTube").checked=data.publish_youtube===true;$("anSchedulerYouTubeLongform").checked=Boolean(data.youtube_longform);$("anSchedulerPublishFacebook").checked=data.publish_facebook===true;$("anSchedulerPublishX").checked=data.publish_x===true;$("anSchedulerPublishBlogger").checked=data.publish_blogger===true;if($("anSchedulerDedicatedBlogger"))$("anSchedulerDedicatedBlogger").checked=dedicated.blogspot!==false;if($("anSchedulerDedicatedThreads"))$("anSchedulerDedicatedThreads").checked=dedicated.threads===true;if($("anSchedulerDedicatedInstagram"))$("anSchedulerDedicatedInstagram").checked=dedicated.instagram===true;if($("anSchedulerDedicatedTikTok"))$("anSchedulerDedicatedTikTok").checked=dedicated.tiktok===true;if($("anSchedulerDedicatedYouTube"))$("anSchedulerDedicatedYouTube").checked=dedicated.youtube===true;if($("anSchedulerDedicatedFacebook"))$("anSchedulerDedicatedFacebook").checked=dedicated.facebook===true;if($("anSchedulerDedicatedX"))$("anSchedulerDedicatedX").checked=dedicated.x===true;$("anSchedulerImageCount").value=normalizedSchedulerImageCount(data.homepage_image_count);if($("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect"))$("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect").value=String(data.thumbnail_aspect_ratio||"16:9");if($("anSchedulerVideoAspect"))$("anSchedulerVideoAspect").value=String(data.video_output_aspect_ratio||"match");if($("anSchedulerImageProvider"))$("anSchedulerImageProvider").value=String(data.image_generation_provider||"auto");if($("anSchedulerVideoProvider"))$("anSchedulerVideoProvider").value=String(data.video_generation_provider||"auto");if($("anSchedulerTtsProvider"))$("anSchedulerTtsProvider").value=String(data.tts_provider||"edge");if($("anSchedulerChatGPTMode"))$("anSchedulerChatGPTMode").value=String(data.chatgpt_mode||"current");$("anSchedulerDailyLimit").value=String(data.daily_publish_limit==null?data.times.length:data.daily_publish_limit);renderSchedulerTimes(data.times||schedulerTimePresets.even);syncVideoAspectSelectors();window.applyNeoBufferAccountSelections?.();return data}
    async function openSchedulerManager(){if(!schedulerManagerModal)return;window.__neoPrepareStudioDrawer?.(schedulerManagerModal);schedulerManagerModal.removeAttribute("aria-hidden");schedulerManagerModal.classList.add("open");if(!schedulerManagerModal.open)schedulerManagerModal.showModal();$("anSchedulerSaveStatus").hidden=true;if($("anSchedulerImageCount"))$("anSchedulerImageCount").value=String(DEFAULT_SCHEDULER_IMAGE_COUNT);renderSchedulerTimes([]);try{await Promise.all([loadSchedulerSettings(),loadBufferChannelStatus()])}catch(e){notice(e.message)}}
    // ver601: save Google inputs before the existing scheduler flow; no second settings dialog.
    async function saveSchedulerSettings(){if(await window.saveNeoGooglePublicationAccounts?.()===false)return;if(await window.saveNeoGoogleSettings?.()===false)return notice($("anGoogleSharedStatus").textContent);if(await window.saveNeoYouTubeSettings?.()===false)return notice($("anYouTubeSetupStatus").textContent);await window.saveNeoBufferAccounts?.();const times=[...schedulerTimes.querySelectorAll('input[type="time"]')].map(input=>input.value.trim()).filter(Boolean);if(!times.length)return notice("자동 포스팅 시간을 한 개 이상 입력해주세요.");const payload={enabled:$("anSchedulerEnabled").checked,publish_threads:$("anSchedulerPublishThreads").checked,publish_instagram:$("anSchedulerPublishInstagram").checked,publish_tiktok:$("anSchedulerPublishTikTok").checked,publish_youtube:$("anSchedulerPublishYouTube").checked,youtube_longform:$("anSchedulerYouTubeLongform").checked,publish_facebook:$("anSchedulerPublishFacebook").checked,publish_x:$("anSchedulerPublishX").checked,publish_blogger:$("anSchedulerPublishBlogger").checked,dedicated_gpt_blogger:$("anSchedulerDedicatedBlogger")?$("anSchedulerDedicatedBlogger").checked:true,dedicated_gpt_threads:$("anSchedulerDedicatedThreads")?$("anSchedulerDedicatedThreads").checked:false,dedicated_gpt_instagram:$("anSchedulerDedicatedInstagram")?$("anSchedulerDedicatedInstagram").checked:false,dedicated_gpt_tiktok:$("anSchedulerDedicatedTikTok")?$("anSchedulerDedicatedTikTok").checked:false,dedicated_gpt_youtube:$("anSchedulerDedicatedYouTube")?$("anSchedulerDedicatedYouTube").checked:false,dedicated_gpt_facebook:$("anSchedulerDedicatedFacebook")?$("anSchedulerDedicatedFacebook").checked:false,dedicated_gpt_x:$("anSchedulerDedicatedX")?$("anSchedulerDedicatedX").checked:false,homepage_image_count:normalizedSchedulerImageCount($("anSchedulerImageCount").value),thumbnail_aspect_ratio:$("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect")?$("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect").value:"16:9",video_output_aspect_ratio:$("anSchedulerVideoAspect")?$("anSchedulerVideoAspect").value:"match",image_generation_provider:normalizedSchedulerImageCount($("anSchedulerImageCount").value)==="paragraphs"?"gpt":($("anSchedulerImageProvider")?$("anSchedulerImageProvider").value:"auto"),video_generation_provider:$("anSchedulerVideoProvider")?$("anSchedulerVideoProvider").value:"auto",tts_provider:$("anSchedulerTtsProvider")?$("anSchedulerTtsProvider").value:"edge",chatgpt_mode:$("anSchedulerChatGPTMode")?$("anSchedulerChatGPTMode").value:"current",times:times,daily_publish_limit:Number($("anSchedulerDailyLimit").value||0)},res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/scheduler-settings",{method:"PUT",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify(payload)}),data=await readJsonResponse(res),warnings=Array.isArray(data.channel_warnings)?data.channel_warnings:[],warningLabels=[...new Set(warnings.map(item=>String(item&&item.label||item&&item.service||"").trim()).filter(Boolean))],warningText=warningLabels.length?` · 주의: ${warningLabels.join("·")} 채널 ID 미설정(설정은 저장됨)`:"",gpt=data.dedicated_gpt_by_platform||{},gptOn=[gpt.blogspot&&"Blogger",gpt.threads&&"Threads",gpt.instagram&&"Instagram",gpt.tiktok&&"TikTok",gpt.youtube&&"YouTube",gpt.facebook&&"Facebook",gpt.x&&"X"].filter(Boolean);notice(`자동 포스팅 설정 저장 완료 · ${data.enabled?'사용':'중지'} · ${data.times.join(' · ')}${warningText}`);window.confirmNeoBufferAccountSelections?.();syncVideoAspectSelectors();await Promise.all([loadSchedulerStatus(),loadBufferChannelStatus()])}
    // ver628: Translate complete status labels before concatenation, preserving API and scheduling values.
    async function loadSchedulerStatus(){
      const el=$("anSchedulerStatus");if(!canManage||!el)return;
      try{
        const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/health",{cache:"no-store"}),data=await res.json().catch(()=>({}));
        if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||"상태 확인 실패");
        const limitSeconds=Math.max(0,Number(data.buffer_global_rate_limit_remaining_seconds||0));
        const bufferLimit=limitSeconds>0?` · Buffer ${String(data.buffer_global_rate_limit_window||"24h")} 제한 · 약 ${rateLimitWait(data)} 후 수동 재실행`:"";
        [[".an-buffer-btn","Threads","bufferStatus"],[".an-instagram-btn","Instagram","instagramStatus"],[".an-tiktok-btn","TikTok","tiktokStatus"],[".an-youtube-btn","YouTube","youtubeStatus"],[".an-facebook-btn","Facebook","facebookStatus"],[".an-x-btn","X","xStatus"]].forEach(([selector,service,statusKey])=>document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach(button=>{if(String(button.dataset[statusKey]||"").toLowerCase()!=="rate_limited"&&!/(요청 제한|Buffer 제한|수동 재실행)/.test(button.textContent||""))return;button.disabled=false;button.textContent=rateLimitLabel(service,data)}))
        if(!data.scheduler_enabled){el.textContent=`자동발행이 비활성화되어 있습니다.${bufferLimit}`;return}
        const running=data.scheduler_task_running?"실행 중":"대기 중",result=String(data.scheduler_last_result||""),todayAuto=Math.max(0,Number(data.scheduler_today_automatic_count||0)),dailyLimit=Math.max(0,Number(data.daily_publish_limit||0)),limitReached=dailyLimit>0&&todayAuto>=dailyLimit,last=result.startsWith("failed")?"최근 실행 실패·재시도 없음":result==="duplicate_skipped"?"최근 중복 글 건너뜀":result==="daily_limit"?(limitReached?"오늘 자동 등록 한도 도달·수동 발행 가능":"최근 예약 슬롯 한도 확인 후 건너뜀"):"최근 실행 정상",quota=dailyLimit>0?` · 오늘 자동 등록 ${todayAuto}/${dailyLimit}${limitReached?" · 수동 발행 가능":""}`:` · 오늘 자동 등록 ${todayAuto} · 한도 없음`,next=data.scheduler_next_run_at?` · 다음 ${data.scheduler_next_run_at}`:"",times=Array.isArray(data.scheduled_times)&&data.scheduled_times.length?data.scheduled_times.join("·"):"고정 시각",buffer=data.scheduler_publish_threads&&data.buffer_enabled?(data.buffer_configured?` · Buffer Threads ${data.buffer_post_mode==="shareNow"?window.siteI18n.t("즉시 발행"):window.siteI18n.t("대기열")}`:" · Buffer 설정 필요"):"",platform=data.scheduled_content_platform?` · 예약 플랫폼 ${data.scheduled_content_platform}`:"",chatgptMode=data.scheduler_chatgpt_mode_label?` · ChatGPT ${data.scheduler_chatgpt_mode_label}`:"",threads=data.scheduler_publish_threads?" · Threads 포함":" · Threads 제외",instagram=data.scheduler_publish_instagram?" · Instagram 포함":" · Instagram 제외",tiktok=data.scheduler_publish_tiktok?" · TikTok 포함":" · TikTok 제외",youtube=data.scheduler_publish_youtube?" · YouTube 포함":" · YouTube 제외",facebook=data.scheduler_publish_facebook?" · Facebook 포함":" · Facebook 제외",x=data.scheduler_publish_x?" · X 포함":" · X 제외",blogger=data.scheduler_publish_blogger?" · Blogger 포함":" · Blogger 제외",images=` · 이미지 ${normalizedSchedulerImageCount(data.scheduler_homepage_image_count)==="paragraphs"?window.siteI18n.t("문단 자동(GPT)"):`${Math.max(1,Number(data.scheduler_homepage_image_count||5))}장`}/${window.siteI18n.t(data.scheduler_image_generation_provider_label||"자동")} · 동영상 ${window.siteI18n.t(data.scheduler_video_generation_provider_label||"자동")}/${window.siteI18n.t(data.scheduler_video_output_aspect_ratio_label||data.scheduler_video_output_aspect_ratio||"이미지 맞춤")}`,detail=String(data.scheduler_last_detail||""),match=detail.match(/buffer_status=([^,\s]+)/),bufferResult=match?` · 최근 Buffer ${match[1]}`:"";
        el.textContent=`고정 ${times} 자동발행 ${running} · ${window.siteI18n.t(last)}${quota}${platform}${threads}${instagram}${tiktok}${youtube}${facebook}${x}${blogger}${images}${buffer}${bufferResult}${bufferLimit}${next}`;
        if(detail)el.title=detail;
      }catch(e){el.textContent="자동발행 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다."}
    }
    async function loadBufferChannelStatus(){
      const el=$("anBufferChannelStatus"),metaEl=$("anMetaConnectionStatus");if(!el&&!metaEl)return null;
      try{
        const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/buffer/status?limit=1",{cache:"no-store"}),data=await readJsonResponse(res),buffer=data.buffer||{},meta=buffer.meta_fallback||{},threadsMeta=meta.threads||{},instagramMeta=meta.instagram||{};
        const labels=[
          buffer.threads_channel_resolved?"Threads 저장":"Threads 미설정",
          buffer.instagram_channel_resolved?"Instagram 저장":"Instagram 미설정",
          buffer.tiktok_direct_ready?"TikTok 직접 발행":(buffer.tiktok_channel_resolved?"TikTok 저장":"TikTok 미설정"),
          buffer.youtube_channel_resolved?"YouTube 저장":"YouTube 미설정",
          buffer.facebook_channel_resolved?"Facebook 저장":"Facebook 미설정",
          buffer.x_channel_resolved?"X 저장":"X 미설정"
        ];
        if(el)el.textContent=labels.join(" · ")+" · 발행 시 조직 조회 없음";
        const activeLimit=Math.max(0,Number(buffer.global_rate_limit_remaining_seconds||0));
        const reasonLabel=value=>({buffer_rate_limit:"Buffer 제한",buffer_disabled:"Buffer 꺼짐",buffer_api_key_missing:"Buffer API 키 없음",buffer_channel_id_missing:"Buffer 채널 ID 없음"}[String(value||"")]||"");
        const activeDirect=[
          buffer.threads_meta_direct_active?`Threads 직접 발행${reasonLabel(buffer.threads_meta_direct_reason)?`(${reasonLabel(buffer.threads_meta_direct_reason)})`:""}`:"",
          buffer.instagram_meta_direct_active?`Instagram 직접 발행${reasonLabel(buffer.instagram_meta_direct_reason)?`(${reasonLabel(buffer.instagram_meta_direct_reason)})`:""}`:"",
          buffer.tiktok_direct_ready?"TikTok 직접 발행":""
        ].filter(Boolean).join(" · ");
        if(metaEl)metaEl.textContent=`Threads ${threadsMeta.fallback_ready?"직접 발행 준비":"연결 필요"} · Instagram ${instagramMeta.fallback_ready?"직접 발행 준비":"연결 필요"}${activeDirect?` · ${activeDirect}`:""}${activeLimit>0?` · Buffer ${String(buffer.global_rate_limit_window||"24h")} 제한 적용 중`:""}`;
        const threadsButton=$("anThreadsMetaConnectBtn"),instagramButton=$("anInstagramMetaConnectBtn");
        if(threadsButton){threadsButton.textContent=threadsMeta.access_token_configured?"Threads Meta 다시 연결":"Threads Meta 연결";threadsButton.disabled=!threadsMeta.app_id_configured||!threadsMeta.app_secret_configured;threadsButton.title=threadsButton.disabled?"서버에 Threads App ID와 App Secret을 먼저 설정하세요.":"Threads 공식 OAuth로 사용자 토큰을 연결합니다."}
        if(instagramButton){instagramButton.textContent=instagramMeta.access_token_configured?"Instagram Meta 다시 연결":"Instagram Meta 연결";instagramButton.disabled=!instagramMeta.app_id_configured||!instagramMeta.app_secret_configured;instagramButton.title=instagramButton.disabled?"서버에 Instagram App ID와 App Secret을 먼저 설정하세요.":"Instagram 공식 OAuth로 프로페셔널 계정을 연결합니다."}
        return data;
      }catch(e){if(el)el.textContent=e.message||"Buffer 채널 ID 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다.";if(metaEl)metaEl.textContent="Meta 직접 발행 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다.";return null}
    }
    async function discoverBufferChannels(){
      const button=$("anBufferDiscoverBtn");if(button)button.disabled=true;
      try{
        notice("Buffer 조직과 채널을 한 번만 조회해 실제 채널 ID를 저장합니다.");
        const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/buffer/discover-channels",{method:"POST"}),data=await readJsonResponse(res);
        notice(data.detail||"Buffer 채널 ID를 저장했습니다.");
        await loadBufferChannelStatus();
        if(typeof loadConnections==='function')await loadConnections();
      }finally{if(button)button.disabled=false}
    }
    async function loadBloggerConnectionStatus(){const el=$("anBloggerConnectionStatus");try{const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/blogger/status",{cache:"no-store"}),data=await readJsonResponse(res),blogger=data.blogger||{};bloggerConnected=Boolean(blogger.connected);const manualCheck=$("anPublishBloggerCheck"),schedulerCheck=$("anSchedulerPublishBlogger");if(manualCheck){manualCheck.disabled=false;const label=manualCheck.closest("label");if(label)label.title=bloggerConnected?"연결된 Blogger 블로그에 API로 업로드합니다.":"Blogger 연결 전에도 이 수동 선택값은 기억합니다. 홈페이지 글은 먼저 저장되고 Blogger 단계만 연결 필요 상태로 남습니다."}if(schedulerCheck){schedulerCheck.disabled=false;const label=schedulerCheck.closest("label");if(label)label.title=bloggerConnected?"연결된 Blogger 블로그에 API로 업로드합니다.":"자동 포스팅 설정에서 Blogger Google 연결을 먼저 완료하세요."}if(el)el.textContent=bloggerConnected?`연결됨 · ${blogger.blog_name||"Blogger"} · ${blogger.blog_url||""} · DB 토큰 저장`:(!blogger.client_id_configured?"OAuth 클라이언트 ID 설정이 필요합니다.":(!blogger.client_secret_configured?"OAuth 클라이언트 보안 비밀 설정 후 Google 계정을 연결하세요.":"Google 계정 연결이 필요합니다."));if($("anBloggerConnectBtn"))$("anBloggerConnectBtn").textContent=bloggerConnected?"Blogger 다시 연결":"Blogger 연결";return blogger}catch(e){bloggerConnected=false;const manualCheck=$("anPublishBloggerCheck"),schedulerCheck=$("anSchedulerPublishBlogger");if(manualCheck)manualCheck.disabled=false;if(schedulerCheck){schedulerCheck.disabled=false}if(el)el.textContent=e.message||"Blogger 연결 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다.";return null}}
    $("anBloggerConnectBtn")&&$("anBloggerConnectBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>{$("anGoogleSharedSetup").scrollIntoView({block:"start"});$("anGoogleBloggerConnect").focus()});
    $("anThreadsMetaConnectBtn")&&$("anThreadsMetaConnectBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>{location.href="/api/auto-news/threads/oauth/start"});
    $("anInstagramMetaConnectBtn")&&$("anInstagramMetaConnectBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>{location.href="/api/auto-news/instagram/oauth/start"});
    $("anDirectVerifyBtn")&&$("anDirectVerifyBtn").addEventListener("click",async()=>{const btn=$("anDirectVerifyBtn"),el=$("anMetaConnectionStatus");btn.disabled=true;const old=btn.textContent;btn.textContent="점검 중";try{const res=await fetch("/api/auto-news/direct-connections/verify",{method:"POST",headers:{"Accept":"application/json"}}),data=await readJsonResponse(res),c=data.connections||{};const label=(name,item)=>`${name} ${item&&item.ok?"정상":item&&item.configured?"오류":"미설정"}${item&&item.username?`(@${item.username})`:item&&item.creator_username?`(@${item.creator_username})`:""}`;if(el)el.textContent=[label("Threads",c.threads),label("Instagram",c.instagram),label("TikTok",c.tiktok)].join(" · ");if(typeof loadConnections==='function')await loadConnections();if(!res.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||"직접 연결 점검 실패")}catch(e){if(el)el.textContent=e.message||"직접 연결 상태를 확인하지 못했습니다."}finally{btn.disabled=false;btn.textContent=old}});
    $("anBufferDiscoverBtn")&&$("anBufferDiscoverBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>discoverBufferChannels().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
    $("anSchedulerManagerBtn")&&$("anSchedulerManagerBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>{openSchedulerManager().then(loadBloggerConnectionStatus).catch(e=>notice(e.message))});
    if(schedulerManagerModal){const schedulerCloseBtn=$("anSchedulerManagerClose"),schedulerCancelBtn=$("anSchedulerCancel");schedulerCloseBtn&&schedulerCloseBtn.addEventListener("click",closeSchedulerManager);schedulerCancelBtn&&schedulerCancelBtn.addEventListener("click",closeSchedulerManager);schedulerManagerModal.addEventListener("cancel",closeSchedulerManager);$("anSchedulerOddPreset")&&$("anSchedulerOddPreset").addEventListener("click",()=>applySchedulerTimePreset("odd"));$("anSchedulerEvenPreset")&&$("anSchedulerEvenPreset").addEventListener("click",()=>applySchedulerTimePreset("even"));$("anSchedulerTimeAdd")&&$("anSchedulerTimeAdd").addEventListener("click",()=>schedulerTimes.appendChild(schedulerTimeRow("09:00")));schedulerTimes&&schedulerTimes.addEventListener("click",e=>{const del=e.target.closest("[data-scheduler-time-delete]");if(!del)return;if(schedulerTimes.children.length<=1)return notice("자동 포스팅 시간은 한 개 이상 필요합니다.");del.closest(".an-scheduler-time-row").remove()});// ver602: one submit owns the request and inline outcome, blocking double-click duplicate saves.
      schedulerForm&&schedulerForm.addEventListener("submit",async e=>{e.preventDefault();const button=$("anSchedulerSave");if(button.disabled)return;button.disabled=true;notice("설정을 저장하는 중입니다.");try{await saveSchedulerSettings()}catch(err){notice(err.message)}finally{button.disabled=false}});schedulerManagerModal.addEventListener("click",e=>{if(e.target===schedulerManagerModal)closeSchedulerManager(e)})}
    // ver424: 자동 포스팅 설정 X/닫기 버튼은 문서 캡처 단계에서도 직접 닫습니다.
    // 일부 UI 초기화가 중간 실패하거나 drawer helper가 등록되지 않은 경우에도 이 경로가 살아 있습니다.
    document.addEventListener("click",e=>{const closeTarget=e.target&&e.target.closest?e.target.closest("[data-an-scheduler-close='1']"):null;if(!closeTarget)return;closeSchedulerManager(e)},true);
    document.addEventListener("keydown",e=>{if(e.key!=="Escape")return;const m=document.getElementById("anSchedulerManagerModal");if(m&&m.classList.contains("open"))closeSchedulerManager(e)},true);
    $("anPromptManagerBtn")&&$("anPromptManagerBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>openPromptManager().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));$("anSchedulerOpenPromptManager")&&$("anSchedulerOpenPromptManager").addEventListener("click",()=>{closeSchedulerManager();openPromptManager().catch(e=>notice(e.message))});
    if(promptManagerModal){
      $("anPromptManagerClose").addEventListener("click",()=>promptManagerModal.classList.remove("open"));
      promptManagerModal.addEventListener("click",e=>{if(e.target===promptManagerModal)promptManagerModal.classList.remove("open")});
      promptPlatformList.addEventListener("click",e=>{const btn=e.target.closest("[data-prompt-platform]");if(btn)loadPromptManager(btn.dataset.promptPlatform).catch(err=>notice(err.message))});
      promptProfileList.addEventListener("click",e=>{const edit=e.target.closest("[data-prompt-edit]"),copy=e.target.closest("[data-prompt-copy]"),activate=e.target.closest("[data-prompt-activate]"),del=e.target.closest("[data-prompt-delete]");const id=Number((edit&&edit.dataset.promptEdit)||(copy&&copy.dataset.promptCopy)||(activate&&activate.dataset.promptActivate)||(del&&del.dataset.promptDelete)||0),item=promptManagerState.profiles.find(x=>Number(x.id)===id);if(edit&&item)fillPromptEditor(item);if(copy&&item)fillPromptEditor(item,true);if(activate)activatePromptProfile(id).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(del)deletePromptProfile(id).catch(err=>notice(err.message))});
      $("anPromptDedicatedEnabled").addEventListener("change",()=>savePromptDedicatedSetting().catch(err=>notice(err.message)));
      $("anPromptNewBtn").addEventListener("click",newPromptEditor);
      $("anPromptCloneBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>{const item=promptManagerState.profiles.find(x=>Number(x.id)===Number(promptEditorForm.elements.id.value||0));if(item)fillPromptEditor(item,true);else notice("복제할 기존 프롬프트를 먼저 선택해주세요.")});
      promptEditorForm.addEventListener("submit",e=>{e.preventDefault();savePromptEditor().catch(err=>notice(err.message))});
      promptEditorForm.querySelectorAll("[data-prompt-var]").forEach(btn=>btn.addEventListener("click",()=>insertPromptVariable(btn.dataset.promptVar||"")));
    }
    $("anExternalSettingsBtn")&&$("anExternalSettingsBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>openExternalSettings().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
    if(externalSettingsModal){
      $("anExternalSettingsClose").addEventListener("click",()=>externalSettingsModal.classList.remove("open"));externalSettingsModal.addEventListener("click",e=>{if(e.target===externalSettingsModal)externalSettingsModal.classList.remove("open")});
      externalSettingsCategories.addEventListener("click",e=>{const btn=e.target.closest("[data-external-category]");if(!btn)return;externalSettingsState.category=btn.dataset.externalCategory||"전체";renderExternalSettingsCategories();renderExternalSettings();loadExternalProfiles().catch(err=>notice(err.message))});
      externalSettingsList.addEventListener("change",e=>{const el=e.target.closest("[data-external-setting-key]");if(!el)return;const key=el.dataset.externalSettingKey,type=el.dataset.externalSettingType;markExternalSetting(key,type==="bool"?(el.checked?"1":"0"):el.value)});
      externalSettingsList.addEventListener("input",e=>{const el=e.target.closest("[data-external-setting-key]");if(!el||el.dataset.externalSettingType==="bool")return;externalSettingsState.reset.delete(el.dataset.externalSettingKey);externalSettingsState.dirty.set(el.dataset.externalSettingKey,el.value);const dirtyCount=externalSettingsState.dirty.size+externalSettingsState.reset.size;$('anExternalSettingsDirty').textContent=`${dirtyCount}개 설정이 저장 대기 중입니다.`});
      externalSettingsList.addEventListener("click",e=>{const btn=e.target.closest("[data-external-reset-key]");if(!btn)return;const key=btn.dataset.externalResetKey;externalSettingsState.dirty.delete(key);externalSettingsState.reset.add(key);renderExternalSettings()});
      $("anExternalSettingsSearch").addEventListener("input",e=>{externalSettingsState.query=e.target.value||"";renderExternalSettings()});
      $("anExternalSettingsChangedOnly").addEventListener("change",e=>{externalSettingsState.changedOnly=e.target.checked;renderExternalSettings()});
      $("anExternalProfileCapture").addEventListener("click",()=>captureExternalProfile().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
      $("anExternalProfileUse").addEventListener("click",()=>activateExternalProfile().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
      $("anExternalProfileDelete").addEventListener("click",()=>deleteExternalProfile().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
      $("anExternalSettingsRefresh").addEventListener("click",()=>loadExternalSettings().then(()=>notice("현재 설정값을 다시 읽었습니다.")).catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
      $("anExternalSettingsDiscard").addEventListener("click",()=>{externalSettingsState.dirty.clear();externalSettingsState.reset.clear();renderExternalSettings();notice("저장 전 변경을 취소했습니다.")});
      $("anExternalSettingsSave").addEventListener("click",()=>saveExternalSettings().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
    }
    $("anCategoryManagerBtn")&&$("anCategoryManagerBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>openCategoryManager().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
    if(categoryManagerModal){$("anCategoryManagerClose").addEventListener("click",()=>categoryManagerModal.classList.remove("open"));categoryManagerModal.addEventListener("click",e=>{if(e.target===categoryManagerModal)categoryManagerModal.classList.remove("open")});categoryManagerList.addEventListener("click",e=>{const save=e.target.closest("[data-category-save]"),del=e.target.closest("[data-category-delete]");if(save){const box=save.closest(".an-category-manager-item");saveCategory(Number(save.dataset.categorySave),box).catch(err=>notice(err.message))}if(del)removeCategory(Number(del.dataset.categoryDelete),del.dataset.categoryName).catch(err=>notice(err.message))})}
    if(categoryAddForm)categoryAddForm.addEventListener("submit",e=>{e.preventDefault();const payload={name:categoryAddForm.elements.name.value.trim(),slug:categoryAddForm.elements.slug.value.trim(),sort_order:Number(categoryAddForm.elements.sort_order.value||0),description:categoryAddForm.elements.description.value.trim()};if(!payload.name)return notice("카테고리 이름을 입력해주세요.");fetch("/api/auto-news/categories",{method:"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify(payload)}).then(readJsonResponse).then(()=>{categoryAddForm.reset();categoryAddForm.elements.sort_order.value="0";notice("카테고리를 추가했습니다.");return loadCategories()}).catch(err=>notice(err.message))});
    $("anCoupangManagerBtn")&&$("anCoupangManagerBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>openCoupangManager().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));
    if(coupangManagerModal){$("anCoupangManagerClose").addEventListener("click",()=>coupangManagerModal.classList.remove("open"));coupangManagerModal.addEventListener("click",e=>{if(e.target===coupangManagerModal)coupangManagerModal.classList.remove("open")});coupangManagerList.addEventListener("click",e=>{const save=e.target.closest("[data-coupang-save]"),del=e.target.closest("[data-coupang-delete]");if(save){const box=save.closest(".an-coupang-manager-item");saveCoupangCode(Number(save.dataset.coupangSave),box).catch(err=>notice(err.message))}if(del){const box=del.closest(".an-coupang-manager-item");removeCoupangCode(Number(del.dataset.coupangDelete),box).catch(err=>notice(err.message))}})}
    if(coupangAddForm)coupangAddForm.addEventListener("submit",e=>{e.preventDefault();const name=coupangAddForm.elements.name.value.trim(),rawCode=coupangAddForm.elements.raw_code.value.trim();if(!name||!rawCode)return notice("코드 이름과 쿠팡 코드를 모두 입력해주세요.");fetch("/api/auto-news/coupang-codes",{method:"POST",headers:{"Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({name:name,raw_code:rawCode})}).then(readJsonResponse).then(()=>{coupangAddForm.reset();notice("쿠팡 자동 코드를 추가했습니다.");return loadCoupangCodes()}).catch(err=>notice(err.message))});
    $("anKeywordGenerateBtn")&&$("anKeywordGenerateBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>generateContent().catch(e=>notice(e.message)));$("anImageCountSelect")&&$("anImageCountSelect").addEventListener("change",()=>{syncParagraphImageProviderSelection();saveManualGenerationPreferences()});$("anSchedulerImageCount")&&$("anSchedulerImageCount").addEventListener("change",syncParagraphImageProviderSelection);
    $("anPlatformSelect")&&$("anPlatformSelect").addEventListener("change",()=>{if($("anPlatformSelect").value==="all")$("anModeSelect").value="all";saveManualGenerationPreferences()});
    $("anSearchBtn").addEventListener("click",()=>{state.q=$("anSearch").value.trim();state.status=$("anStatus").value;state.pageSize=Number($("anPageSize").value);state.platform=$("anPlatformFilter").value;state.page=1;load().catch(e=>notice(e.message))});$("anSearch").addEventListener("keydown",e=>{if(e.key==="Enter")$("anSearchBtn").click()});$("anPrev").addEventListener("click",e=>{e.preventDefault();if(state.page>1){state.page--;load().catch(err=>notice(err.message))}});$("anNext").addEventListener("click",e=>{e.preventDefault();if(state.page<state.totalPages){state.page++;load().catch(err=>notice(err.message))}});
    grid.addEventListener("click",e=>{const copy=e.target.closest("[data-copy-post-id][data-copy-platform]"),edit=e.target.closest("[data-edit-id]"),del=e.target.closest("[data-delete-id]"),buffer=e.target.closest("[data-buffer-id]"),instagram=e.target.closest("[data-instagram-id]"),tiktok=e.target.closest("[data-tiktok-id]"),youtube=e.target.closest("[data-youtube-id]"),facebook=e.target.closest("[data-facebook-id]"),x=e.target.closest("[data-x-id]"),blogger=e.target.closest("[data-blogger-id]"),gptImage=e.target.closest("[data-gpt-image-id]"),instagramVideo=e.target.closest("[data-instagram-video-id]");if(copy){e.preventDefault();copySavedPlatformFromButton(copy);return}if(edit)editPost(edit.dataset.editId).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(del)deletePost(del.dataset.deleteId,del.dataset.title).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(buffer)publishBuffer(buffer.dataset.bufferId,buffer.dataset.bufferForce==="1",buffer).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(instagram)publishInstagram(instagram.dataset.instagramId,instagram.dataset.instagramForce==="1",instagram).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(tiktok)publishTikTok(tiktok.dataset.tiktokId,tiktok.dataset.tiktokForce==="1",tiktok).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(youtube)publishYouTube(youtube.dataset.youtubeId,youtube.dataset.youtubeForce==="1",youtube).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(facebook)publishFacebook(facebook.dataset.facebookId,facebook.dataset.facebookForce==="1",facebook).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(x)publishX(x.dataset.xId,x.dataset.xForce==="1",x).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(blogger)publishBlogger(blogger.dataset.bloggerId,blogger.dataset.bloggerForce==="1",blogger).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(gptImage)generatePostImages(gptImage.dataset.gptImageId,gptImage).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(instagramVideo)createInstagramVideo(instagramVideo.dataset.instagramVideoId,instagramVideo).catch(err=>notice(err.message))});
    $("anClose").addEventListener("click",()=>modal.classList.remove("open"));modal.addEventListener("click",e=>{const copy=e.target.closest("[data-copy-post-id][data-copy-platform]"),instagramVideo=e.target.closest("[data-instagram-video-id]"),gptImage=e.target.closest("[data-gpt-image-id]"),buffer=e.target.closest("[data-buffer-id]"),instagram=e.target.closest("[data-instagram-id]"),tiktok=e.target.closest("[data-tiktok-id]"),youtube=e.target.closest("[data-youtube-id]"),facebook=e.target.closest("[data-facebook-id]"),x=e.target.closest("[data-x-id]"),blogger=e.target.closest("[data-blogger-id]");if(copy){e.preventDefault();copySavedPlatformFromButton(copy);return}if(instagramVideo)createInstagramVideo(instagramVideo.dataset.instagramVideoId,instagramVideo).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(gptImage)generatePostImages(gptImage.dataset.gptImageId,gptImage).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(buffer)publishBuffer(buffer.dataset.bufferId,buffer.dataset.bufferForce==="1",buffer).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(instagram)publishInstagram(instagram.dataset.instagramId,instagram.dataset.instagramForce==="1",instagram).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(tiktok)publishTikTok(tiktok.dataset.tiktokId,tiktok.dataset.tiktokForce==="1",tiktok).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(youtube)publishYouTube(youtube.dataset.youtubeId,youtube.dataset.youtubeForce==="1",youtube).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(facebook)publishFacebook(facebook.dataset.facebookId,facebook.dataset.facebookForce==="1",facebook).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(x)publishX(x.dataset.xId,x.dataset.xForce==="1",x).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(blogger)publishBlogger(blogger.dataset.bloggerId,blogger.dataset.bloggerForce==="1",blogger).catch(err=>notice(err.message));if(e.target===modal)modal.classList.remove("open")});
    if(editForm){editForm.addEventListener("submit",e=>{e.preventDefault();saveEdit().catch(err=>notice(err.message))});$("anEditClose").addEventListener("click",()=>editModal.classList.remove("open"));$("anEditCancel").addEventListener("click",()=>editModal.classList.remove("open"));editModal.addEventListener("click",e=>{if(e.target===editModal)editModal.classList.remove("open")});editForm.querySelectorAll("[data-format]").forEach(button=>button.addEventListener("click",()=>formatSelected(button.dataset.format)));editForm.elements.image_file.addEventListener("change",()=>{try{const file=selectedImage(editForm.elements.image_file),preview=$("anEditImagePreview"),current=$("anEditImageCurrent");if(file){if(preview.dataset.objectUrl)URL.revokeObjectURL(preview.dataset.objectUrl);const objectUrl=URL.createObjectURL(file);preview.dataset.objectUrl=objectUrl;preview.src=objectUrl;current.classList.add("open")}}catch(e){editForm.elements.image_file.value="";notice(e.message)}});if(editForm.elements.image_zip_file)editForm.elements.image_zip_file.addEventListener("change",()=>{try{const file=selectedImageZip(editForm.elements.image_zip_file);if(file)notice(`전체 이미지 ZIP 선택: ${file.name}`)}catch(e){editForm.elements.image_zip_file.value="";notice(e.message)}})}
    if(canManage){restoreManualGenerationPreferences();syncParagraphImageProviderSelection();syncVideoAspectSelectors();bindManualGenerationPreferenceMemory();if($("anThumbnailAspectSelect"))$("anThumbnailAspectSelect").addEventListener("change",syncVideoAspectSelectors);if($("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect"))$("anSchedulerThumbnailAspect").addEventListener("change",syncVideoAspectSelectors);if($("anVideoAspectSelect"))$("anVideoAspectSelect").addEventListener("change",syncVideoAspectSelectors);if($("anSchedulerVideoAspect"))$("anSchedulerVideoAspect").addEventListener("change",syncVideoAspectSelectors)}render(initialData);updatePager();$("anSearch").value=state.q;$("anStatus").value=state.status;$("anPageSize").value=String(state.pageSize);$("anPlatformFilter").value=state.platform;if(canManage){loadSchedulerStatus();loadBloggerConnectionStatus();setInterval(loadSchedulerStatus,60000)}const params=new URLSearchParams(location.search),postId=params.get("post"),editId=params.get("edit"),bloggerResult=params.get("blogger"),bloggerError=params.get("blogger_error");if(canManage&&(params.has("youtube")||bloggerResult||bloggerError)){openSchedulerManager().then(()=>$("anGoogleSharedSetup")?.scrollIntoView({block:"start"}));}if(bloggerResult==="connected"){notice("Blogger Google 연결을 완료했습니다.");loadBloggerConnectionStatus()}if(bloggerError)notice(`Blogger 연결 실패: ${bloggerError}`);if(postId)openPost(postId);if(editId&&canManage)setTimeout(()=>editPost(editId),300);
  })();
  </script>
  

</div>

<script>
// ver585: One delegated action for both list and detail pages, separate from the Shorts button.
document.addEventListener('click',async event=>{
  const button=event.target.closest('[data-youtube-longform-id]');if(!button||button.disabled)return;
  event.preventDefault();button.disabled=true;const id=button.dataset.youtubeLongformId;
  const show=message=>{button.title=message;const area=document.getElementById('anNotice');if(area)area.textContent=message;else{const toast=document.getElementById('anToast');if(toast){toast.textContent=message;toast.classList.add('show');setTimeout(()=>toast.classList.remove('show'),5000)}}};
  try{
    const response=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/youtube-longform-publication?google_accounts=${encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(window.readNeoGooglePublicationAccounts?.()||{}))}`,{cache:'no-store'});
    const previous=await response.json();if(!response.ok)throw new Error(previous.detail||'롱폼 상태 조회 실패');
    if(previous.status==='published'){button.textContent='✓ 롱폼 업로드 완료';show(`업로드 완료 · ${previous.privacy||''} · ${previous.url||''}`);return}
    if(['uploaded','in_progress','creating','script_ready','video_ready','uploading'].includes(previous.status)){button.textContent='롱폼 상태 확인';show(previous.detail||`롱폼 상태: ${previous.status}`);return}
    // ver603: after Google approval, retry a blocked job through the same existing endpoint.
    const force=['failed','needs_action'].includes(previous.status)?1:0;
    const result=await fetch(`/api/auto-news/posts/${id}/youtube-longform-publish?force=${force}`,{method:'POST',headers:{'Content-Type':'application/json'},body:JSON.stringify({google_accounts:window.readNeoGooglePublicationAccounts?.()})}),data=await result.json();
    if(!result.ok||data.ok===false)throw new Error(data.detail||data.reason||'롱폼 작업 등록 실패');
    button.textContent='롱폼 작업 등록됨';show('롱폼 제작·업로드 작업을 등록했습니다. 버튼으로 진행 상태를 확인하세요.');
  }catch(error){button.textContent='롱폼 연결·상태 확인';show(error.message)}finally{button.disabled=false}
});
</script>
<script>
// ver590: initialize at the panel itself, including the legacy scheduler page; one handler owns each action.
(()=>{const panel=document.getElementById('anYouTubeSetup');if(!panel)return;const $=id=>document.getElementById(id);let ready=false,saving=false,changed=false;
async function api(path,body){const response=await fetch('/api/auto-news/youtube/'+path,{cache:'no-store',credentials:'same-origin',method:body?'POST':'GET',headers:{'Content-Type':'application/json'},...(body?{body:JSON.stringify(body)}:{})});const data=await response.json();if(!response.ok||data.ok===false)throw new Error(data.detail||'연결 설정을 확인할 수 없습니다.');return data}
function message(text){$('anYouTubeSetupStatus').textContent=text}
function render(data){panel.querySelector('.an-youtube-address').hidden=!!data.shared_google_oauth;panel.querySelector('.an-youtube-main-actions').hidden=!!data.shared_google_oauth;panel.querySelector('.an-youtube-details').hidden=false;$('anYouTubeSecretState').hidden=!!data.shared_google_oauth;$('anYouTubeClientFile').closest('label').hidden=!!data.shared_google_oauth;['anYouTubeClientId','anYouTubeClientSecret'].forEach(id=>$(id).closest('label').hidden=!!data.shared_google_oauth);ready=!!data.settings_ready&&!!data.redirect_registered;$('anYouTubeRedirectRegistered').checked=!!data.redirect_registered;$('anYouTubeRedirectNotice').textContent=data.redirect_registered?'현재 주소의 등록 확인이 저장되었습니다.':'주소를 Google에 등록한 뒤 위 체크박스를 선택하세요.';$('anYouTubeClientId').value=data.client_id||'';$('anYouTubeRedirect').value=data.redirect_uri||'';$('anYouTubePrivacy').value=data.privacy||'private';$('anYouTubeCategory').value=data.category_id||'25';$('anYouTubeSecretState').textContent=data.client_secret_configured?'보안 비밀이 저장되어 있습니다.':'';$('anYouTubeConnect').setAttribute('aria-disabled',ready?'false':'true');$('anYouTubeConnect').tabIndex=ready?0:-1;$('anYouTubeCheck').hidden=!data.authorization_configured;message(data.shared_google_oauth?(data.connected?`연결 완료 · ${data.channel_title||data.channel_id}`:'위 Google 공통 설정의 YouTube 권한 승인 버튼을 사용하세요.'):data.connected?`연결 완료 · ${data.channel_title||data.channel_id}`:data.settings_ready&&!data.redirect_registered?'설정 파일은 저장되었습니다. 위 콜백 주소를 Google에 등록하고 체크하세요.':ready?'설정 완료. ② Google 연결을 누르세요.':'① Google OAuth JSON 설정 파일을 선택하세요. 자동으로 저장됩니다.')}
async function load(){try{render(await api('setup'))}catch(e){message(e.message)}}
function dirty(){changed=true;ready=false;$('anYouTubeConnect').setAttribute('aria-disabled','true');message('입력값이 변경되었습니다. 변경 저장을 누르세요.')}
async function save(){if(saving)return false;saving=true;$('anYouTubeSave').disabled=true;message('설정 파일을 저장하는 중입니다.');try{render(await api('setup',{client_id:$('anYouTubeClientId').value.trim(),client_secret:$('anYouTubeClientSecret').value.trim(),privacy:$('anYouTubePrivacy').value,category_id:$('anYouTubeCategory').value,registered_redirect_uri:$('anYouTubeRedirectRegistered').checked?$('anYouTubeRedirect').value:''}));$('anYouTubeClientSecret').value='';changed=false;return true}catch(e){message(e.message);return false}finally{saving=false;$('anYouTubeSave').disabled=false}}
$('anYouTubeClientFile').addEventListener('change',async e=>{const file=e.target.files[0];if(!file)return;try{if(file.size>1048576)throw new Error('Google에서 다운로드한 JSON 설정 파일을 선택하세요.');const data=JSON.parse(await file.text());if(!data.web?.client_id||!data.web?.client_secret)throw new Error('Google 웹 애플리케이션의 JSON 파일을 선택하세요.');$('anYouTubeClientId').value=data.web.client_id;$('anYouTubeClientSecret').value=data.web.client_secret;const matches=Array.isArray(data.web.redirect_uris)&&data.web.redirect_uris.includes($('anYouTubeRedirect').value);$('anYouTubeRedirectRegistered').checked=matches;dirty();await save();$('anYouTubeRedirectNotice').textContent=matches?'설정 파일의 등록 주소가 현재 콜백 주소와 일치합니다.':'설정 파일에 현재 콜백 주소가 없습니다. Google에 위 주소를 등록한 뒤 체크하세요.'}catch(error){message(error.message)}finally{e.target.value=''}});
$('anYouTubeRedirectRegistered').addEventListener('change',()=>{dirty();if($('anYouTubeClientId').value)save()});
// ver601: reuse this save for upload options when the main settings form is submitted.
window.saveNeoYouTubeSettings=()=>changed?save():Promise.resolve(true);
$('anYouTubeSave').addEventListener('click',save);['anYouTubeClientId','anYouTubeClientSecret','anYouTubePrivacy','anYouTubeCategory'].forEach(id=>$(id).addEventListener('input',dirty));
panel.addEventListener('keydown',e=>{if(e.key==='Enter'&&['anYouTubeClientId','anYouTubeClientSecret'].includes(e.target.id)){e.preventDefault();save()}});
$('anYouTubeConnect').addEventListener('click',e=>{if(!ready){e.preventDefault();message('설정 파일을 선택하고 콜백 주소 등록을 확인하세요.')}});
$('anYouTubeCheck').addEventListener('click',async()=>{const b=$('anYouTubeCheck');b.disabled=true;message('YouTube 연결을 확인하는 중입니다.');try{render(await api('setup/check',{}))}catch(e){message(e.message)}finally{b.disabled=false}});
$('anYouTubeCopyRedirect').addEventListener('click',async()=>{try{await navigator.clipboard.writeText($('anYouTubeRedirect').value);message('콜백 주소를 복사했습니다. Google 설정에 붙여 넣으세요.')}catch(e){$('anYouTubeRedirect').select();message('선택된 주소를 복사하세요.')}});
document.addEventListener('click',e=>{if(e.target.closest('[data-youtube-setup-open]')){e.preventDefault();panel.scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth',block:'start'})}});
window.addEventListener('neo-google-settings-saved',load);
$('anSchedulerManagerBtn')?.addEventListener('click',load);
const result=new URLSearchParams(location.search).get('youtube');
load().then(()=>{if(result==='failed'||result==='denied')message(result==='denied'?'Google 연결이 취소되었습니다. ② Google 연결을 다시 누르세요.':'Google 연결을 확인하세요. 아래 ‘처음 한 번만 준비’ 안내를 열어 설정을 점검하세요.')});
})();
</script>


<script>
// ver641: one account editor owns the auto/manual checkbox state; existing channel switches keep their roles.
(()=>{const panel=document.getElementById('anGooglePublicationAccounts'),manualPanel=document.getElementById('anGoogleManualAccounts');if(!panel&&!manualPanel)return;
const $=id=>document.getElementById(id),en=window.siteI18n?.language==='en',t=(ko,enText)=>en?enText:ko;
let services={},loaded=false;const selections={};
const text=(tag,value)=>{const e=document.createElement(tag);e.textContent=value;return e};
async function api(method='GET',payload){const response=await fetch('/api/auto-news/google-publication-accounts',{method,headers:{'Content-Type':'application/json'},body:payload?JSON.stringify(payload):undefined,cache:'no-store'});const data=await response.json();if(!response.ok)throw new Error(data.detail||t('계정 설정을 저장하지 못했습니다.','Unable to save account settings.'));return data}
function renderManual(){const root=$('anGoogleManualAccountsList');if(!root)return;root.replaceChildren();for(const [service,items] of Object.entries(services)){const group=document.createElement('fieldset');group.append(text('legend',service==='youtube'?'YouTube Long-form':'Blogger'));for(const item of items){const label=text('label',' ' + item.name+' · '+(item.language==='en'?'English':'한국어'));label.className='an-check';const input=document.createElement('input');input.type='checkbox';input.checked=selections[service]?.includes(item.id)??item.manual;input.dataset.googleService=service;input.dataset.googleAccount=item.id;input.addEventListener('change',()=>{selections[service]=[...root.querySelectorAll('input[data-google-service="'+service+'"]:checked')].map(x=>x.dataset.googleAccount);document.querySelectorAll('[data-blogger-id]').forEach(button=>{if(!button.hasAttribute('aria-busy'))button.disabled=false})});label.prepend(input);group.append(label)}root.append(group)}}
function render(){const root=$('anGoogleAccountsList');if(!root){renderManual();return}root.replaceChildren();for(const [service,items] of Object.entries(services)){root.append(text('h4',service==='youtube'?'YouTube Long-form':'Blogger'));for(const item of items){const row=document.createElement('fieldset');row.dataset.accountId=item.id;row.dataset.service=service;row.className='an-youtube-setup';row.append(text('legend',item.name));
const name=document.createElement('input');name.className='an-input';name.value=item.name;name.dataset.accountField='name';name.setAttribute('aria-label',t('계정 이름','Account name'));row.append(name);
const language=document.createElement('select');language.className='an-select';language.dataset.accountField='language';language.setAttribute('aria-label',t('발행 언어','Publication language'));for(const [value,label] of [['ko','한국어'],['en','English']]){const option=text('option',label);option.value=value;option.selected=value===item.language;language.append(option)}language.disabled=!!item.language_locked||item.id==='legacy';row.append(language);
const target=document.createElement('input');target.className='an-input';target.value=item.target||item.target_url||'';target.dataset.accountField='target';target.readOnly=item.id==='legacy'||!!item.connected;target.placeholder=service==='youtube'?t('채널 ID · Google 승인 후 자동 저장','Channel ID · saved after Google approval'):t('블로그 ID 또는 공개 주소','Blog ID or public URL');target.setAttribute('aria-label',target.placeholder);row.append(target);
for(const [field,label] of [['automatic',t('자동 발행','Automatic publishing')],['manual',t('수동 발행 기본 선택','Select by default for manual publishing')]]){const labelEl=text('label',' '+label);labelEl.className='an-check';const input=document.createElement('input');input.type='checkbox';input.checked=!!item[field];input.dataset.accountField=field;labelEl.prepend(input);row.append(labelEl)}
row.append(text('p',item.connected?t('연결됨 · ','Connected · ')+(item.target_title||item.target):t('Google 계정 승인 필요','Google authorization required')));
const connect=text('a',item.connected?t('Google 다시 연결','Reconnect Google'):t('Google 계정 연결','Connect Google'));connect.className='an-btn';connect.href=item.connect_url||'/api/auto-news/'+service+'/oauth/start?account='+encodeURIComponent(item.id);connect.addEventListener('click',async event=>{event.preventDefault();if(await save())location.href=connect.href});row.append(connect);root.append(row)}}renderManual()}
function collect(){const saved={};panel.querySelectorAll('fieldset[data-account-id]').forEach(row=>{const item={...(services[row.dataset.service]||[]).find(x=>x.id===row.dataset.accountId),id:row.dataset.accountId};row.querySelectorAll('[data-account-field]').forEach(input=>item[input.dataset.accountField]=input.type==='checkbox'?input.checked:input.value);(saved[row.dataset.service]??=[]).push(item)});return saved}
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